Ambrose pamusoro Optina: Biography, munamato uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

In Vvedensky Optina anozorora reliquary mutsvene uyo akava confessor guru Russia of XIX remakore. Akanga asina chiremerera kana bhishopi Archimandrite uye akanga asina kunyange abbot. Ambrose kuti Optina - zvavo mumongi. Kuva nechirwere chisingarapiki, akasimuka kuti chepamusorosoro danho zvemamongi tsvene. Confessor akava Hieroschemamonk. Saka paukuru ichi akaenda Ishe. Nhasi, kufanana makore mazhinji akapfuura, vanhu uchimukumbira kurevererwa uye munamato rutsigiro. Near ake zvinoera kurwara vanoporeswa kubva nehosha.

Ambrose pamusoro Optina: upenyu

St. Ambrose munyika anonzi Aleksandrom Grenkovym. Akaberekwa November 23, 1812 muna Tambov mudunhu, mumusha Bolshaya Lipovitsa. sekuru vake aiva mupristi, Baba - Grenkov Mikhail Fedorovich - semupi sacristan pachechi. zita ramai vake rakanga Martha Nikolaevna. Akazvipa kutarisira vana vangu vasere. Nenzira, mwanakomana Alexander akanga retanhatu. baba vomukomana akafa muduku. Vana vaigara mhuri sekuru vake.

Panguva Alexander, ainzi kuremekedza Aleksandra Nevskogo gumi nemaviri, akatumirwa Tambov upristi. Pamusoro kupera muna 1830, ndiyo yakanakisisa akapedza kudzidza, akatumirwa Tambov upristi. Ikoko, akarwara kwazvo uye akaita mhiko kuti kana Ishe achatumira ake kuporeswa, iye postrizhetsya mumongi. Asi, kuti zvinodiwa uye kudzidza kubva kuseminari muna 1836, akanga asina mhanya pamwe monasticism. Chokutanga, Alexander akava muperekedzi vana ane akapfuma. Ipapo vakasimudza dzidziso mutauro muna Lipetsk zvevafundisi chikoro Greek.

Link to monasticism

Asi unokuvadza chirwere kechipiri akaita pachayo akanzwa. With shamwari yake yakanaka Pavlom Pokrovskim vakashanyira Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra uye reclusive mukuru Illarion kubva mumusha Troekurovo. Iye vamurayira kuenda Optina mugwenga, nokuti yaidiwa ikoko. In kuwa 1839, Alexander muchivande anoenda chaiyo dzvene mukuru ndokugarapo. Nokuropafadzwa Reverend vakuru Optina, baba Leo vake, akatanga kugara hotera uye kuita shanduro "vatadzi ruponeso" Greek mumongi Agapit Landa. In yechando 1840, anoenda kurarama wemamongi. Uye muchirimo, mushure kugarwa yokurwisana pamusoro chakavanzika kunyangarika Lipetsk zvikoro, rakundwa sezvo Asava mutendi mutsva. Akatanga aiva cellmate, uye ipapo muverengi panguva mukuru Leo. Ndakabva aishanda bhekari. Next, akatamisirwako kuti kicheni mubatsiri wacho.

Kunyange apo Leo mukweguru mupenyu muna 1841, iye akapfuura kuteerera uye mukuru Macarius baba. Zviri maererano nezvaanoda muzhizha rake bvudzi rokutanga akatema rassophore, uye mumatsutso 1842 iye hwava jasi ainzi kuremekedza Saint Amvrosiya Mediolanskogo. Kwapera gore, iye akagadzwa mudhikoni, uye pakutanga yechando muna 1845 akagadzwa kuva upristi muna Kaluga. Panguva rwendo urwu Akabata kuchitonhora zvakaipa, izvo akapa kuomesa kwakaita zvomukati. Saka ngazvive akakoniwa kuzova nomoyo.

mubatsiri mukuru

Yomukupera zhizha 1846, akagadzwa mubatsiri ari upristi duhovnichestve mukuru Macarius. Asi utano murombo pane imwe nguva akanga kutyisidzira chikonzero upenyu St. Ambrose. Panguva ino kuti anotora schema zvikuru pasina kuchinja zita rayo. mhedziso yake kubva netsvimbo. Iye anogara novimba wemamongi. Zvishoma nezvishoma utano nani zvishoma. Ndakambofenda kuna Ishe Makarii Ambrose baba anotora dambudziko kune kurasika pfungwa. Zvak nguva aitambura chero chirwere: ane gastritis vakava zvinowedzerwa, ipapo akatanga kurutsa, ipapo munhu huta chirwere, vanhuwo chando pamwe chills kana fivhiri. Muna 1862 iye ane dislocated ruoko. Marapiro zvakakomba vasanyanya utano hwake. Akarega kuenda kutemberi kunamata, uye ipapo kugona kubuda muchitokisi chake.

chirwere

Muna 1868, zvakanga akawedzera vose maronda uye hemorrhoidal kubuda ropa. Ipapo Abbot Isaac anobvunza kutungamirira vomumusha kunoshamisa mufananidzo Amai Mwari Kaluga. Muchitokisi vakuru vakashumira moleben akathist Virgin, ipapo baba Ambrose zvakati nyore. Zvisinei, kuti hosha haina yakanyangarika zvakanaka. Iye nguva nenguva retsedivirovala kusvikira parufu rwake.

Elder Ambrose mubayiro akava goridhe pectoral muchinjikwa - hariwanikwi chaizvo panguva iyo kukwidziridzwa. St. Ambrose muna 1884, akava muvambi vakadzi wemamongi, iri pedyo Optina, mumusha Shamordino. Akaropafadza shimonahini Sofia vatungamirire hadzi munharaunda. Gare gare iye akagamuchira mamiriro wemamongi (1 October 1884), apo chechi yokutanga vatsvene, akasikwa mabasa kuburikidza neminyengetero baba vake Ambrose. Muna 1912, mumwe nemasisita ose wemamongi rakanga Maria Nikolaevna Tolstaya - hanzvadzi Lva Tolstogo, yakanyangadza Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia muna 1901. Ikoko iye akatora mazuva matatu asati afa afa papera gore, ake yemamongi mhiko.

mabhuku zano

St. Ambrose akafira Shamordino ndokugarapo. Zvino October 10, 1891. Iye akavigwa Optina murenje, pedo pamarinda ababa vake Macarius. Pamariro vaibva zvose pamusoro kuwanda vanhu. Uye pano ndiwo - nyaya Elder Zosima mu "The Brothers Karamazov" by Dostoevsky. Zvisinei, nguva ino munyori akafa kare. Mazuva mashomanana muzhizha 1878 F. M. Dostoevsky neshamwari yake uye bhururu Vladimirom Solovevym kupedzerwa Optina. Misangano mamongi chakakurudzira munyori kuumba mufananidzo Elder Zosima. Dostoevsky, kufanana Leo NdiTolstoy, aiva pedyo kugoverana kwomudzimu pamwe mukuru mutsvene Ambrose, uyo, Chokwadi, akasiya yakajeka aitodada mumwoyo guru Classics Russian.

Asi shure kuvigwa mutana. Pakutanga yose mariro mudungwe kubva muviri pakarepo akatanga kuparadzira rinorema zvakanaka. Pamusoro iyoyo vakanyevera Elder Ambrose muupenyu hwake hwose kuti anofanira yokuti kwaakaitwa inoshamisa uwandu usina rukudzo. Zvakanga sabvumika kupisa. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, munhuwi kuora yanyangarika. Zvino akatanga kuparadzira kujairika kwakanaka, zvose kubva maruva nouchi yakachena.

kushandira vamwe

Ambrose pamusoro Optina akatsaurira upenyu hwake kushumira vamwe. Vanhu vakanzwa rudo rwake uye hanya, saka mhinduro kuremekedza uye kuremekedza. Muna 1988 kuna Local Council yeRussian Orthodox Church somusande. Zvak Elder Amvrosiy Optinsky akati nechimwe zviri nyore uye zvakajeka, zvakarurama uye nokusetsa zvakanaka. Kana aigona kupa mhinduro vakawanda vakadzidza uye vakakurumbira vanhu nguva. Aigonawo kunyevenutsa vashatirwa kudzidza murimi mudiki mukadzi, uyo vakanyunyuta kuti akanga akauraya Turkey, uye kuti vahosi shure unogona wake adzinge kubva muchivanze.

Ambrose pamusoro Optina: kudzidzisa

Holy AMROS baba akadzidzisa kuti vanhu vanofanira kurarama ari kugadzira vhiri, riri rimwe nguva anobata panyika, uye zvose angafudza kumusoro. Akaramba achiudza chokwadi zvakadaro:

1. We ainyanya sezvo zalyazhem uye haagoni kumuka.
2. Where chete zana ngirozi ipapo, uye apo, chinoshamisa hakuna.
3. Womunhu kwakaipa kubva chii anokanganwa kuti pane Mwari pamusoro pake.
4. Kana munhu achifunga zvikuru pachake, kuti chinhu kuti acharasikirwa.

Maererano St. Ambrose, zvinokosha kuva nyore kurarama, nokuti zvakanaka. No kudiwa Rack pfungwa dzenyu, chinhu chikuru - kunyengetera kuna Mwari, iye acharonga zvose, saka hapana chikonzero rokupisa pachako kufungisisa chii sei uye kuita zvose. Zvose ane kuenda nenzira zvinofanira kuitika - rinomiririra mupenyu nyore. Kana uchida kunzwa rudo, kuti asike mabasa rudo, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga uye havana kuzvinzwa. Rimwe zuva baba vake Ambrose akati iyewo inongoti. Iye akapindura kuti nyore akakumbira Mwari kwemakore makumi maviri. Ambrose kuti Optina akanga rechitatu pashure mukuru seane uchenjeri Leo uye Macarius. Akanga mboni dzavo, akava akakurumbira zvikuru uye vakapemberera ose vakuru Optina.

hofisi

St. Basil Mukuru akapa tsanangudzo yake munhu. Akaritumidza kuva asingaoneki. The soro dhigirii izvi zvinoshanda vanhu pakunamata zvakadai Elder Ambrose. Vamwe vanoona chete anonzi rehurukuro upenyu hwake zvokunze, uye tinogona chete zvokufungidzira pamusoro nyika yomukati. Zvinonzi inobva udyire Feat munyengetero uye kugara zvisingaoneki kuvanhu ziso tarisiro pamberi paJehovha.

Service zvinowanzooneka kuitwa kuyeuka mazuva matsvene. St. Ambrose pamusoro Optina riri chakatsaurirwa. Kuenda vazhinji. Nguva dzose verenga Akathist kuna St. Ambrose kuti Optina. Pokufa mukuru mutsvene hauna kuvhiringidzwa nokuda vanhu vane uye vachiri mumunyengetero yavo inoshamisa rubatsiro zvokuporesa. Mbiri St. Ambrose kuti Optina hunotanga nemashoko: "kugutsa kwauri, Baba Reverend Ambrose ...". Church anoyeuka zita St. October 10 - zuva paakazvipa pamberi paJehovha, musi June 27 - zuva pakuunganidza zvisaririra uye 11 October panguva Cathedral nevakuru Optina. Munyengetero St. Ambrose kuti Optina hunotanga nemashoko: "Oh Vanonyanya kudya guru uye ugodniche Mwari, Baba vedu, Reverend Ambrose ...".

Vatendi ndivo vanhu vanotsvaka kunamata zvisaririra tsvene St. Ambrose uye kunyengetera nomwoyo nokutenda kunodiwa kugamuchira kuporeswa. Elder achipemha kubva kunaShe. Achiziva ichi, vanhu vanogara munzvimbo mhanya muna Optina murenje rubatsiro uye kudzivirirwa.

Munyengetero anotonga seane uchenjeri Elder

Pane kutonga munyengetero St. Ambrose kuti Optina. It Anotevera kubva imwe yetsamba dzake kuti ake daze pakunamata. Anonyora kuti tinofanira kutenda uye tariro ngoni naShe, iyo kubvisa chero munhu uye nokunyengera kwomukuru muvengi nguva dzose. Zvino anotaura mapisarema aDhavhidhi, uyo akanyengetera muawa kutambudzwa vaivatevera ake. Ndiwo 3rd, 53 vakasuwa 58 vakasuwa 142 ndipo. Akaenderera mberi anonyora kuti akazvisarudzira yakakodzera manzwiro pakutaura uye akanga averenga navo kakawanda, ndaigara kutendeukira kuna Mwari kuzvininipisa uye nokutenda. Zvino acharwisa rima uye anozadza kwemweya asingatsananguriki kusuwa, ipapo vakayambira kuti verenga Pisarema 101.

utongi

The Monk akatora muchitokisi chake akawandisa vanhu. Vanhu vaidirana kwaari vachibva zvose pamusoro Russia. Akasimuka mangwanani zvikuru - mana mangwanani. The shanu kare anonzi Kelejnikov. Uye akatanga mangwanani mutemo. Akabva akanyengetera oga. With kwemaawa mapfumbamwe kugamuchirwa vakatanga - pakutanga dzechitendero, uye shure kwavo - vanhuwo zvavo. Painoguma zuva nenguva 11 o'clock, patinoverenga mumwe manheru mutemo refu. By pakati pousiku, mutana, pakupedzisira, paiva nomumwe. Purogiramu iyi yaiva yava maviri. Uye mazuva ose akaita Feat ake makuru. Pamberi Vakuru St. Ambrose haana kugamuchira vakadzi muchitokisi chake. Akasangana navo, sezvo avo mhepo zviridzwa. Naizvozvo, uye akava papera chipangamazano uye muvambi vakadzi yemamongi Shamordino.

zvishamiso

Mukuru, nokuda kwavo munamato hwepfungwa, aiva chipo kuna Mwari - wonderworking uye perspicacity. It inozivikanwa yakawanda panyaya akanyorwa pamashoko avanhu. Mumwe mukadzi kubva Voronezh akarasikirwa musango, waiva makiromita kubva wemamongi. Uye pakarepo akaona mutana, ane hock akataura nzira yake. Maererano naye, iye akaenda wemamongi vachivata Elder Ambrose. Paakasvika pedyo, pakarepo asunungurwa cellmate akamubvunza ndimo Avdotia kubva Voronezh? maminitsi gumi gare gare, iye wakabuda mutana nemisodzi uye sobs. Akati kuti Ambrose - uyu ndiye murume uya naye kurudyi nzira musango.

Paiva neimwe chiitiko chinoshamisa, kana mushandi akauya Optina mumarenje akarongeka uye mari kweShanduro iconostasis. Asati abva, akasarudza kukumbira maropafadzo vakuru. Asi iye akati zvakanga zvakakodzera kumirira mazuva matatu. Tenzi akafunga kuti "Whistler" Iye zvakaoma dzavo, asi vachiri kuteerera yekare mumongi. Gare gare, akadzidza kuti, pasina kupa ropafadzo saka refu, mukweguru akaponesa chaizvoizvo kwaari parufu. Pashure pezvose, mazuva awa matatu mudzidziri webasa rake vakamutarisisa pasi zambuko, kuti tishaye kuuraya. Chete kana vaenda, ivo confessor akatora tenzi uye mumurege aende.

Uye kamwe chete Reverend Amvrosiy Optinsky ndimutsidzire bhiza akafa ane murimi mudiki murombo akanga achichema pamusoro payo. kure dzvene aigona, kufanana Nikolay Chudotvorets, kubatsira vanhu vari njodzi siyana. nyaya saka zhinji kwazvo chokuita nezita St. Ambrose. Zvirokwazvo, hazvishamisi kuti Macarius mutsvene vakafanotaura kwaari kuti aizova munhu mukuru.

mhedziso

Kwakati munyika panguva inorema mhirizhonga, Optina yakanga yaparadzwa uye yakavharwa. Chapel panguva mutana raRakeri raparadzwa. Asi nzira rinda musande hakusi vashoma. In kuwa 1987 Optina Church adzoka zvakare. On musi unoenderana kumutsidzirwa wemamongi zamirotochila mufananidzo Kazan Amai vaMwari. Akafukura pamusoro zvisaririra St. Ambrose kuti Optina akanga 1998. Zvino ake isingaori Teles zororo muna Optina, muna Vvedensky mutemberi.