The Old Testament uye Testamende Itsva: munhoroondo inotungamirwa, zvirimo, zvakafanana uye misiyano

ChiKristu panguva - chitendero kupfuura kwakapararira munyika. Maererano nenhamba dzakawanda, nhamba yacho vateveri vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri, kana pamusoro chetatu vepasi. Ndosaka chitendero ichi akapa nyika kupfuura kuziviswa uye inozivikanwa bhuku - Bhaibheri. Magwaro revaKristu nhamba yemaBhaibheri uye rokutengesa anotungamirira top kuti Bestseller zvino nemashanu zana nemakore.

The Kuronga Bhaibheri

Havasi vose vanoziva kuti shoko "Bible" - ichi inongova muzvizhinji rechiGiriki rokuti "vivlos", iro rinoreva "bhuku." Saka, hazvina inenge imwe chigadzirwa, asi dzakaunganidzwa magwaro nevanyori siyana, uye zvakanyorwa eras siyana. Saka kokupedzisira zvikumbaridzo dzinoongororwa sezvinotevera: mune XIV. BC. e. pamusoro II. n. e.

The Bible ine mukuru zvikamu zviviri, vanonzi Yekare uye Testamende Itsva iri mazwi yechiKristu. Pakati vateveri Church muzvinhu kukosha pakupedzisira.

Old Testament

Wokutanga uye Kudeuka chikamu choRugwaro Christian yakaumbwa refu asati aberekwa Jesu Kristu. Books of Old Testament anonziwo muBhaibheri rechiHebheru, sezvo vaine tsika inoyera muchiJudha. Chokwadi, nokuda kwavo chipauro "wekare" pachinhu zvaainyora hakumbogamuchiriki zvachose. Tanakh (sezvazvakanyorwa akadanwa zvakavapoteredza) nokusingaperi, dzinogara uye pahunosiya.

muunganidzwa ichi ine mana (maererano Christian kupatsanura) zvikamu, izvo ndiwo mazita anotevera:

1. Zakonopolozhitelnye bhuku.
2. History mabhuku.
3. mabhuku Didactic.
4. mabhuku ouprofita.

Mumwe nomumwe zvikamu izvi rine imwe nhamba magwaro uye nhamba yavo angave akasiyana mune pamatavi vechiKristu vakasiyana. Mamwe mabhuku yekare chiri muzvikamu kana anogona pamwe nemumwe uye mukati mavo. Huru Ipfungwa vaiona vapepeti, zvinosanganisira 39 zvinhu magwaro akasiyana-siyana. Chinonyanya kukosha chikamu Tanakh - anonzi Torah, chine mabhuku mashanu okutanga. tsika dzechitendero kuti munyori wayo - muprofita Mosesi. Yekare akanga pakupedzisira kuumbwa anenge pakati Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC. e., uye munguva yedu izvozvo vakabvuma sezvo gwaro matsvene mapazi ose chiKristu, asi zvikuru Gnostic Marcion zvikoro uye machechi.

NT

Kana Testamende Itsva, ndiko muunganidzwa mabasa vakazvarwa dzakadzika nascent chiKristu. Inoitwa mabhuku 27, chinonyanya kukosha iyo - zvina chinyorwa chokutanga, akadana Evhangeri. Ekupedzisira ndiwo upenyu hwaJesu Kristu. Vamwe bhuku - tsamba kuvaapositori, bhuku raMabasa rinotaura pamusoro pamakore okutanga oupenyu yechechi, uye bhuku rouprofita raZvakazarurwa.

Christian seakafuridzirwa akaumba nenzira remakore rechina. Vasati kuti, pakati pemapoka vaKristu siyana akatoparadzirwa, uye kunyange airemekedzwa sohutsvene, uye vazhinji mamwe magwaro. Asi vakawanda vemachechi uye episcopal tsanangudzo kwepamutemo mabhuku aya chete, zvose zvimwe yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi zvenhema uye kunogumbura Mwari. Zvadaro, "zvakaipa" Magwaro zvakavharwa massively kuparadzwa.

The harmonization of chinyorwa kwave anosarudza neboka nenyanzvi, kuti akaramba dzidziso mukuru Marcion. Last kokutanga munhoroondo yeChechi akadanidzira chinyorwa magwaro matsvene, achisiya anenge mabhuku ose emuTesitamende uye Testamende Itsva (mu aripo Shanduro) pamwe kusara shoma. Kuti neutralize kuparidza nemuvengi wake, pfungwa vatungamiri uye chechi pamutemo inonyoreswa sakramentirovali zvikuru netsika yakatarwa magwaro.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mune dzakasiyana dzenyika Yekare uye Testamende Itsva vane mikana yakasiyana-siyana codification rwezuva. Kunewo mamwe mabhuku kuti vanogamuchirwa mune imwe tsika, asi varamba mune imwe.

Dzidziso naMwari muBhaibheri

Very musimboti magwaro matsvene chiKristu kunoratidzwa dzidziso rakafuridzirwa. Bhaibheri - Old uye Testamende Itsva - kunokosha vatendi nokuti vanotenda kuti ruoko mabasa matsvene evanyori rinotungamirirwa naMwari, uye mashoko magwaro mupfungwa chaiyoiyo - chizaruro naMwari, iro anotumira nyika, neChechi uye munhu wose munhu. Kudavira uku kuti Bhaibheri - Ishe tsamba, yakanyorerwa zvakananga mumwe nomumwe, nguva dzose rinokurudzira vaKristu kuridzidza uye kutsvaka anoreva yakavanzwa.

Apokirifa

Panguva kukura uye paumbwe chinyorwa muBhaibheri, mabhuku akawanda kuti pakutanga hwakanga, gare gare zvakazoonekwa kuti "kunze" yechechi pokutenda. mugumo uyu mabasa akadai, akadai sokuti "Erma Shepherd" uye "Didache". siyana Gospels vazhinji uye mutsamba akanzi dzenhema uye vemanyepo chete ndechokuti haana kufanira kupinda itsva mafungiro zvouMwari dzeChechi yeOrthodox. magwaro zvose izvi vakabatanidzwa vanhuwo rokuti "Apokirifa," izvo zvinoreva, kurudyi mumwe, "venhema", uye pamusoro mumwe - "chakavanzika" zvinyorwa. Asi pakupedzisira kudzima zvisaririra zviri pasingadiwi magwaro vasingagoni - Mumabhuku akafuridzirwa vane nemadimikira uye mashoko kwavari vakavanda. Somuenzaniso, zvingangoita kuti vakarasika, uye XX remakore, chichangobva kuwanikwa Evhangeri Thomas ndomumwe chikuru zvinyorwa kuti mashoko Kristu eEvhangeri echokwadi. A zvakafanana shoko Muapostora Judhasi (kwete Isikariyoti) zvakananga rine mashoko achitaura nebhuku reapokirifa muprofita Inoki, nharo kuti rouprofita chiremera chacho uye nderechokwadi.

The Old Testament uye Testamende Itsva - kubatana uye kusiyana canons maviri

Saka, takaona kuti Bhaibheri rine mabhuku maviri muunganidzwa dzakasiyana vanyori uye nguva. Kunyange zvazvo muKristu dzidziso anofunga Yekare uye Testamende Itsva wose, nokududzira navo kuburikidza mumwe uye kuisa yakavanzwa nemadimikira, zvichaitika, uye prototypes pamusoro typological kubatana, kwete zvose zviri munharaunda yechiKristu havatani yakafanana kunyatsoongorora canons maviri. Marcion haana muvare varamba Old Testament. Pakati mabasa ake akarasika vaiva kushandiswa dzinonzi "zvinyorwa zvokupikisa", apo iye Akasiyanisa dzidziso Tanakh dzidziso yaKristu. Chibereko musiyano uyu yaiva dzidziso vanamwari vaviri - Jewish tsamwisa uye capricious demiurge uye Mwari-zvakanaka zvose Baba, Kristu ari kuparidzwa.

Zvechokwadi, mifananidzo Mwari zvakasiyana-siyana mune nezvibvumirano izvi zviviri. MuTestamente Yakare, iye anonzi akaputika, shure, zvakaoma ishe, kwete pasina rusaruro sezvo kuratidza nhasi. MuTesitamende Itsva, nekusiyana, Mwari ndiye zvakawanda kushivirira, rudo uye kazhinji anoda kukanganwira pane varange. Zvisinei, zviri zvishoma nyore zano, uye kana uchida unogona kuwana kuzvishandura mibvunzo pamusoro magwaro maviri. Zvisinei, nhoroondo, ndokudzokera kuti Church haadi kuziva chiremera Yekare, havasisipo, uye nhasi nyika yechiKristu aimiririra munhau iyi tsika imwe chete, pasingaverengwi siyana reconstructed boka neognostikov uye neomarkionitov.