APÓSTOL Petr uye St. Paul. Vaapostora Petro naPauro

Pakati Vateveri vokutanga vaJesu Kristu, uyo akazova muvambi Church yake yezvisikwa, vane mbiri muApostora, rinonzi SS. Uyu APÓSTOL Potr uye muapostora Pauro. In upenyu hwepasi pano, vaiva vanhu vakasiyana zvachose, kwete chete nokuda kwavo munzanga, asiwo mafungiro uye maonero enyika. Vakabatana kutenda kwavo rumuko reMwanakomana waMwari, uyo akazarura magedhi husingaperi.

The wehove chete Lake reGenesareti

About St. Peter muApostora, tinoziva kuti akanga achibva kuBhetisaidha muguta, riri kuchamhembe Lake reGenesareti. baba vake Jona wakaburuka kubva kurudzi rwaNafutari. Asati pamusangano naJesu Kristu, APÓSTOL Potr akanzi Simoni. Iye akagara muKapenaume aine mudzimai uye amai. Simon aiva nyore uye anozvininipisa wehove a. Pamwechete nomunun'una wake Andirea, remangwana muApostora Andrew, iye ibasa rakaoma anounza zvokudya wake, kwete kufunga zvakavanzika zvose, uye zvaanofarira vose kungogumira zuva kutarisirwa.

Pakutanga kwoushumiri hwake hwepasi, Jesu, achishevedza hama mbiri, akapa Simoni zita idzva - Peter, izvo zvinoreva kuti "dombo". Jesu akati mukutaura ichi kuti ichi "ibwe" Iye anofanira kuvaka chechi, haripindiki kugehena, kuratidza rinokosha kuti akagadzwa naye kune munhu. Zvino Peter kubva pakutanga vakatenda nomwoyo wose kuna Tenzi wake. In ake nyore uye rakavhurika mweya asina nzvimbo mubvunzo. Kusiya zvose kuti chokuita naye upenyu akwegura, haana kuzeza kutevera Kristu.

Njere St. Paul

Zvakasiyana sokuti kwatiri kuna St. Paul. Akanga wakaberekerwa muTaso, muJudha mumhuri, uyo aiva nekodzero dzaingovawo nevaRoma izvo akapa naye zviri pamutemo ropafadzo. Pakutanga zvakanga zita waSauro uye aiva mutsigiri hwokunyanyisa woMutemo wechiJudha. MuJerusarema, vakanamatira vaFarisi, akapiwa dzidzo yakanaka achitungamirirwa zvikuru nomukurumbira panguva pavanaRabhi. Izvi akazviitira akatowedzera kushingaira aitambudza vaKristu uye chiJudha.

Asi Jehovha akafadzwa kuti kujekesera pfungwa dzake chiedza nokutenda kwechokwadi. Vakazadzwa noMweya Mutsvene, Paul zvose zvaifungwa mwoyo wake wakatanga kuparidza mumasinagogi dzidziso, iro nezuro vakashora chenhema uye vane vatsigiri kupomerwa mhosva pamusoro mutemo. Aiva murume akadzidza, uye akatengesa mharidzo yake simba chairo. Zvaakanga atanga iyi nzira itsva youpenyu kwaari, Sauro akazozivikanwa saPauro, akarwadziwa wokufananidzira - zita shanduko zvinoreva kuchinja muupenyu hwavo.

Kupera kutenda kwevaApostora

Maererano Mutsvene Tradition, APÓSTOL Potr uye mupositora Pauro pashure pamakore ake akawanda ebasa vakaurayiwa nevaJudha nezuva rimwe chete - 12 July (pamwe N ..). Akava ndangariro dzavo masikati. Gore negore pazuva iri kupemberera zororo - Zuva Petro naPauro. Emperor Nero kuurawa muapostora Petro paakaziva kuti kuparidza kwake, Peter vakawanda kwazvo nhamba vatendeukira kuchiKristu. Mupositora akatongerwa kurovererwa somudzidzisi wake mukuru, asi akakumbira wavarindi vakaroverera pamuchinjikwa zvachose pasi, sezvo vakawana ini haana kukodzera kudzokorora rufu rwaKristu, pamuchinjikwa yakamira.

Mupositora Pauro aiva mugari weRoma, uye, nomurayiro, hazvigoni pamuchinjikwa, sezvo kurangwa kwakadaro kwainzi zvinonyadzisa, uye chete pasi Vanababa varanda uye vaya vaiva chaizvo rakadzikadzika strata munzanga. By hurongwa mambo, akaendeswa kunze Rome, uye munzira Ostian musoro bakatwa rake. Zvinonzi munzvimbo musoro dzakaurawa Mutsvene Apostora, scored kunyika kunoshamisa kupi.

In kunamata yechiKristu yokutanga kwevatsvene vakatevera pakarepo pashure kwavo kutenda uye kuvigwa nzvimbo yaiva mumwe mukuru dzinoyera. Panguva iyoyo takatanga kupemberera zororo - Zuva Petro naPauro. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kana ari IV remakore parutivi mambo Constantine Mukuru, chiKristu pakupedzisira akawana pamutemo chinzvimbo uye vakava chitendero mamiriro muRoma uye Constantinople dzakavakwa netemberi vachikudza vapostori.

Achikudza vaapostora matsvene vokuRussia

Kubva pamazuva kuitwa chiKristu muna Russia, uye APÓSTOL Potr rokutanga, muapostora Pauro akava mumwe kupfuura airemekedzwa uye anodiwa vokuRussia vatsvene. Baptist pamusoro Rus - Prince Vladimir akadzoka achibva Korsun, vakauya kuna Kiev Icon yavo mufananidzo. Akazobudiswa kumamwe Novgorod, apo nguva refu akaramba ari Cathedral of St. Sophia. Gare gare, akanga arasika, asi muzuva redu pasi maberere yetemberi unokwanisa kuona Pamifananidzo yacho XI remakore, rinomiririra St. Peter mupositori.

About emakore tsika chinonamatwa muRussia Vapositora vakapupura rusvingo mifananidzo St. Sophia Cathedral muKiev, kureva XI-XII emakore. Ivowo ichifananidzwa APÓSTOL Potr uye muapostora Pauro. Two yemamongi yekare Russian vachikudza yavatsvene aya nheyo pakutanga pakati XII remakore, mumwe - ari Novgorod kuna Akako gomo, uye imwe - muna Rostov. Kwapera A remakore, Peter uye Paul Monastery akaonekwa Bryansk. Panguva iyi, zvakanyorwa minamato ndima dzakawanda, kusanganisira akathist Petro naPauro.

The kukurumbira AVAPOSTORI Petro naPauro rinotiwo kupararira, izvo awana mazita avo pakati pavagere Orthodox venyika yedu. Zvakakwana kuyeuka rakakura vazhinji vatsvene vekare. Pakati pavo, vazhinji mukubhabhatidzwa, uye vamwe vane yemamongi mhiko kana kuita schema mazita makuru kunzi vaApostora. Pamazita Izvi zvinogona akaramba mazita evanhu vakasiya pavaida munhau yeRussia, uyewo vaya akawanda Petro naPauro, kuti tirarame upenyu hwake munyika yakakura expanses yeRussia.

Dangwe mufananidzo Vapositori

Achitaura pamusoro kukura iconography mifananidzo iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vaapostora vatsvene Petro naPauro vakanga vanoratidzwa vaKristu vakawanda vepakutanga pamusoro pamasvingo catacombs, apo ivo vaiita kunamata kwavo. Nepo izvi rusvingo mifananidzo akanga vateveri kutenda chitsva chaicho chaizvo ngozi, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi ivo vachiwanzoshandisa kubatsirwa zviratidzo. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe Pamifananidzo kubva iyi umo vapositori vanotumirwa yakajeka, akafanana nomumwe asian features, izvo anobvumira vatsvakurudzi kuti kuvatendera akafanana chaiyo nhoroondo kumumvuri. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mabhuku mabasa vaburukira kwatiri kubva nguva idzodzo kure, akacherechedza naMatthew: vamwe vavo ane tsananguro zvakafanana kwazvo pakuonekwa eVaapostora.

Vaapostora Petro naPauro muna Russian iconography

With pakagadzwa kutaurirana Orthodox. Petro naPauro akava avo vatsvene vane mufananidzo zvirokwazvo mumwe mifananidzo dzvene mutemberi nerimwe. Kazhinji, nemhaka nziyo dzavo vaiva vanotongwa Testamende Itsva, asi vanozivikanwa uye mifananidzo kubva Tsika Tsvene. Mumwe wavo ari kwakapararira mufananidzo Petro naPauro vachimbundirana, nokudhiraivha kupinda maziso nemumwe. Rine vateereri nguva musangano nevaapostora muRoma nguva pfupi asati aurayiwa. Kufanana mufananidzo ari rin'i musiyano wezvinyorwa kwakapararira.

Zvisinei, zviri nani kuzivikanwa kubva Rus yekare akagamuchira icon iri iyo vaapostora Petro naPauro kumira varefu, mudzoke zvishoma mumwe. Mumwe wavo ari mukuru hwakawanda huripo kuvake mumabhatiri nhasi panguva St. Sophia Cathedral of Novgorod. Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo, vakauya, maererano nengano, Prince Vladimir pamusoro Korsun, rakanga ambotaurwa.

The kukura ukoshi yevaapostora mifananidzo

Nokufamba kwenguva, ukoshi mifananidzo Saints Petro naPauro ichiwedzerwa zvokuti vava chinokosha pamusoro Deesis weDanho yacho iconostasis nerimwe. Zvazova tsika kuisa mufananidzo muApostora Petro rworuboshwe nechepakati kwemifananidzo yaJesu Kristu, kamwe kuti mufananidzo wemhandara uye Arhangela Mihaila, uye icon of MuApostora Pauro - rworudyi, zvakananga seri mufananidzo Ioanna Krestitelya uye mufananidzo Arhangela Gavriila. The kupfuura nomukurumbira zvifananidzo izvi zvisikwa Andreya Rublova, hwakawanda huripo muna kubvuma Cathedral of Vladimir.

Kubvira pakupera XVII remakore kufurirwa muzvikoro Western Europe kwawedzera Russian iconography. Izvi anotsanangura chidzoke nyaya chokuita nekuurayiwa kuvaapositori. Kare, avo tsika hunhu vari: Peter - makiyi umambo hwokudenga, asi Pauro - mupumburu - chiratidzo uchenjeri. Zvino mumaoko kuvaapositori tinoona navo kutenda zvekushandisa - Peter - muchinjikwa, uye Paul - munondo. Panotova mifananidzo iri kumashure chinoratidza pachimiro vaurayiwe.

Kwemakore, yakasimbiswa setsika yakatsaurirwa kuna paminamato yechechi. The magwaro padivi dzokudetemba dzinorondedzera kunonyanya kune VII-VIII emakore. rakanyorwa yavo kunoitwa sembiru chechi yechiKristu zvakadai, sezvo Patriarch weConstantinople Herman uye St Andrey Kritsky, uyo Chinyorwa verenga pagore mumazuva muLent. Kunze kwavari rinotaura mazita St. John weDhamasiko Kozma Mayumskogo. On basa iri nguva dzose vaurayiwa akathist Petro naPauro, uyewo yakatarwa mundima.

Mazita kwevatsvene, immortalized mu mapurani

Mazita Mutsvene eVaapostora Petro naPauro, nokusingaperi immortalized muchechi mapurani. Izvi ndizvo zvazvakangoitawo kuti Russia, uye Western nyika. Zvakakwana kuyeuka huru yeKatorike - St. Petro Basilica muRoma. On paakasika munhau chechi yechiKristu ichi chikuru aishanda mukuru vemifananidzo uye ezvivako. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera: Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante, Bernini nevamwe vazhinji.

Rus netsika Orthodox kuzomisa netemberi mukukudza Vaapostora Petro naPauro, ine midzi pamazuva Mutsvene Prince Vladimir. Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva yokutonga kwake akaonekwa pamahombekombe Dnieper kereke Vaapostora Petro naPauro pakutanga, uye vakamutevera panyika yose rakakura Russia, mumaguta, mumisha, uye kunyange kure chaizvo nemisha siyana akavaka temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna izvi zviviri vanozvinyima zvikuru.

Cathedral pamusoro Neva

Cathedral of St. Peter naPauro muSt Petersburg chatinokoshesa pakati pavo. It Anonziwo Petro Paul Cathedral. Yakaitwa mapurani D. Trizin mumakore 1712-1733, akava nzvimbo Russian Tsars kuvigwa. The Cathedral iri nharaunda wakakombwa, vakasimwa 1703 panguva behest Petro I kudzivirira muromo Neva pamusoro zvichibvira nechisimba yeSweden.

Pakutanga, paiva chechi yemapuranga Mutsvene eVaapostora Petro naPauro. Kana muna 1712 akatanga kuvaka kereke ibwe, rakanga raitwa nenzira yakadaro kuti chivako yekare rakaramba ari richangobva akavaka masvingo, uye basa haana kugumira ipapo nguva dzose basa. New Cathedral, yakavakwa muna Petrine Baroque manyorerwo, akava mumwe ounyanzvi ose mavakirwo nhasi vashongedze guta riri Neva.

Temple muna Sestroretsk

Muna 2009 akanga vatsvene avaka Mafuro St. Petersburg Peter uye chechi waPauro. Sestroretsk - duku dzisina riri pedyo kuchamhembe guru. In pakutanga XVIII remakore yakanga pano akavaka chechi yematanda vachikudza vapostori. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvakanga chikatsiviwa chechi ibwe, razova chinoshamisa mapurani kubudirira. Zvisinei, panguva yokupanduka, akanga aparadzwa, uye chete veMubatanidzwa democratic kunoparirwa vakatanga kudzorerwa kwaro.

Re-akavaka akagadza, Peter uye Paul Cathedral (Sestroretsk) ndiro chirangaridzo shongwe vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa Russian. Chokwadi kuti yakavakwa pamusoro chaizvo panzvimbo munguva dzekare Russian shasha Nugget murimi mudiki Efim Nikonov, chevaux Peter I akaratidza kuvamba yake - wokutanga yepasi pemvura. Akachengetedzwa ndangariro vezvikepe nhasi, uye mutemberi akasika chive chirangaridzo magamba wokuRussia yepasi pemvura rengarava.

Machechi mumaguta akasiyana uye zvitendero zvakasiyana

Hazvibviri kuti kuyeuka zvakawanda temberi maviri riri kuSt Petersburg. Mumwe wavo - temberi AVAPOSTORI Petro naPauro panguva Medical Academy. It iri Piskaryovsky Avenue. Uye mumwe, riri mumwoyo guta Gorokhovaya mumugwagwa - ndiwo musha kereke Pedagogical University ainzi pashure A. I. Gertsena. Vose vakatanga pamberi chimurenga, dzakavharwa muSoviet nguva, uye nhasi Re-akazarura mikova ayo vanamati.

Mumaguta akawanda munyika ikozvino muri temberi mukukudza Vaapostora Holy. Pakati pavo vane Moscow, Smolensk, Sevastopol, kuKaraganda, Barnaul, Ufa nevamwe vazhinji. Kunze Orthodox basa Petro naPauro, uye nguva dzose kuitika matare mamwe masangano echiKristu. Vagari guru Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti hakuna Musiki rakadzorerwa pashure dzakaoma kuvaka Lutheran Church of the Holy eVaapostora Peter uye Pauro Starosadsky Lane. Rakaisvonaka Catholic chechi akati musande rinomirira muna Veliky Novgorod. Uye mazita ari refu.

City, ainzi pashure vaapostora Petro naPauro

Kuyeukwa eVaapostora mutsvene uye immortalized mune mazita mamwe maguta. Most mbiri pakati pavo - ndiye St. Petersburg, ainzi pashure waro anorichengeta mutsvene - mupositori Petro. It rakaumbwa muna 1703. Zita Mutsvene eVaapostora uye guta inonzi kuFar East - Petropavlovsk. Ostrog, uyo akava mbereko ake, rakavakwa Cossacks muna 1697. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru kugarwa rakaumbwa kumativi, iro guta rakakura.

Imwe Petropavlovsk iri mundima kuti nhasi ndekwaJehovha Kazakhstan. Pakutanga zvakanga nhare rechiuto, amire pamharadzano dzenzira chinokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo arashikirwa uto raro kukosha uye kuva zvikuru munharaunda - suo chiteshi Trans-Siberian Railway.

The kukanganisa yevaapostora mifananidzo Mutsika ano

Kubvira kare, vaApostora Petro naPauro inova hunhu sezvo Apokirifa (nekurambwa chechi, uye haana kuiswawo pakati dzakafuridzirwa mabhuku Testamende yakare New), uye akakurumbira zvavo nyaya. Setsika, APÓSTOL Potr wakatangwa navo pamasuo yokudenga klyucharom shamwari yaJesu Kristu, kana iye akazviratidza kuvanhu. St. Paul hwaienzanirana vagari kudenga kana muchengeti. Ari Vaiwanzokudza pamwe patronage moto uye zuva.

Izvi anonyadzisira chairwo zvavo Nizam dudziro mifananidzo matsvene, zvinosuruvarisa rapararira nhasi, zvinonzi midzi dzakawanda tsika ano. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mune firimu uye kuchangamuka. Nokuti zvose muapostora rakagara richidudzirwa vanoratidzwa pamwe, uye zuva kurangarirwa kwavo rinopembererwa panguva imwechete - Chikunguru 12, Petro naPauro zvabatanidzwa kuva mufananidzo chete. Somuenzaniso, muna akakurumbira pfungwa, vose vanonzi kuva musande aive vehove, pasinei nokuti chete APÓSTOL Potr akanga achiparidza fishery ichi. Chinhu chandakukanganisira vose kunongedza pamwe dombo iro chivakwa chekereke chakavakwa, sezvo mashoko aya aJesu chete anoshanda muApostora Petro.