Archipelago Chagos, chiwi che Diego Garcia. Tsanangudzo, mifananidzo

Diego Garcia ndiyo chiwi chikuru pane Chagos Archipelago muIndia Ocean. Iri pakati peHindustan neMaldives, iri kure nemakiromita 1600 uye 500 km. Ndiyo chiwi choga chinogarwa muzvitsuwa zvose.

Nharaunda yaro inopfuura 25 km ² . Uye, pamwe chete nezvitsuwa zvitatu zviduku zvinoumba Diego Garcia, iye inharaunda. Iyo yakaumbwa inokonzerwa nekuti iko kwakapoteredza rwizi (iye, nenzira, ine mhepo inopisa), korals yakatanga kuonekwa muhuwandu hwakawanda.

Tsanangudzo shoma

Nemhaka yehukuru hwayo, Chagos imwe yezvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvakanyanya munyika yose. Nzvimbo yenyika iyi 63.2 km ², iyo inopfuura chikamu chetatu chenharaunda ndeyechiwi cheGarcia, kuti ive yakanyatsojeka, 27 km ².

Chagos Archipelago ine maatolls manomwe, kusanganisira zvinopfuura 60 zvitsuwa zvinopisa. Kutungamirirwa, Diego Garcia anoreva nharaunda yeBritish, asi ichi ichi chave chinopikiswa nenyika yeMauritius. Mukuona kwekupedzisira, nzvimbo yezvitsuwa uye iyo yakatsanangurwa chikamu inoreva nzvimbo dzayo dzekunze.

Garcia yakavhurwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, muna 1512. Maererano neimwe shanduro, Vasco da Gama inotora zita rayo kune zvitsuwa. Akatumidza kuwanikwa kwake mukuremekedzwa nemubatsiri akanga ari muchikepe.

Diego Garcia igomba rakakomberedzwa nechepamusoro pepamusoro pemakungwa emakorari. Chitsuwa chacho chinzvimbo. Nzvimbo yakakwirira yekusununguka iyi mamiriyoni 7. Kureba kwegungwa rekunze kureba kunosvika anenge 70 km. Uye chiratidzo chepakati chakasiyana kubva mamiriyoni mana kusvika ku 3000 m.Makungwa eKoral uye zviwi zvitatu zvakapoteredza chikepe ichibva kuchamhembe.

Population

Wekutanga kutora kodzero pachiwi chacho ndiPortugal. Pakutanga, nzvimbo yose yezvitsuwa, kusanganisira Diego Garcia (chitsuwa), yaiva yeFrance, gare gare - Britain. Vagari vepakutanga vendima yakatsanangurwa vakanga vari vatorwa. Vanhu ava vakabva kuNigro varanda vaiuya vachibva kuAfrica, uye vaIndia vaiuya kuzotora basa. Kusati kwasunungurwa, vanhu vanenge zviuru zvishanu vaigara muzvitsuwa izvi, kunyanya kuG Diego Garcia Atoll. Chitsuwa ichi chinorambidzwa kushanyira kwenguva refu. Makore makumi matatu chete gare gare, Dare Repamusorosoro reGreat Britain rakatsigira kusateerera mutemo kwekudzingwa kwevanhu vomunharaunda. Asi vagari vemo vakange vasingakwanisi kudzokera kunyika yavo yekare, uye hazvigoneki kuti vachazombokwanisa kuve nekuda kwekuendeswa kwezvigadziro zvezvombo zvehondo nemauto ehondo paatoll. Vari pano nekubvumirana pakati peBritain neAmerica. Munguva pfupi yakabvumidzwa kushanyira chitsuwa kwenguva pfupi yekushanyira madzitateguru. Muna 2016, chibvumirano chinopera pakati penyika. Nokudaro, vanhu vomunharaunda vanotenda kuti vachazogona kudzokera kunyika dzavo dzekuzvarwa. Nokudaro, nharaunda yeBritish muIndia Ocean mune dzimwe ndima uye ndeyeAmerica.

Izvo zvinokosha, asi pane zvitsuwa izvi kusasangana nevagari vemo. Vose vavo vakamanikidzwa kutapwa, uye varwi veBritain neAmerica vakagara pazvitsuwa, nhamba yavo yose yaiva anenge 3 000.

Inzvimbo yehutungamiri inzvimbo yehondo. Nharaunda huru yebasa rehuwandu ishumiro yehondo uye kushandiswa kwezvigadziriswa.

Kuumbwa

Nharaunda yeBritain muIndia yeAsia inoparadzaniswa kuva zviwi zvakawanda. The atoll inorondedzwawo ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Inosanganisira 4 zviwi (kusanganisira iyo huru). Garcia ndiye mukuru pakati pavo. Mukuwedzera kwazvo, kune zviwi zviri muhotera, zvakadai seWestern (yakafukidza 3.4 hectares), kuMiddle (ine nzvimbo 60 000 sq. M.) Uye Vostochny. Iyo yekupedzisira inosvika yechipiri muhukuru (120 000 mamita emakiromita).

Mamiriro ekunze

Atoll Diego Garcia inowanikwa nenzira yakadai ine mhepo ine mvura inotonhorera uye yegungwa. Nemhaka yeizvi, mamiriro okunze apa anonaya uye anopisa, kunyange mhepo ichivhuvhuta kubva kumativi ose. Mhando iyi yemamiriro ekunze inoitika kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwemakondinendi, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweIndia, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweU.SA, kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America. Chii chinonzi chimiro, munzvimbo ino haisi mhirizhonga.

Diego Garcia ari munharaunda yekutonhora kwemhepo. Ivhareji yemvura gore negore ndeye 2600 mm. Mumwedzi yezhizha, somuenzaniso, munaAugust - 105 mm, uye munaJanuary - kusvika ku 350 mm. Izvi, pamwe chete nenharaunda yechitsuwa ichi, inotsanangura chiyero chegore negore humidity (anenge 80%). Avhareji yemwedzi yepamwedzi pamatokari iri + 26 ° ... + 28 ° С. Zuva roga roga rinopfuura chiratidzo che + 30 ° С.

Flora

Pasinei nemamiriro okunze ekupisa, mhuka nemiti yezvirimwa munzvimbo idzi hazvisi zvakasiyana-siyana. Chimiro cheatoni chinofananidzwa nemunhu weMaldives.

Pandima yenyu inowedzera nhamba yakawanda yemiti yekononti, yaimbova yakarimwa kune imwe nzvimbo yehuwandu, uye zvino yakasikwa, uye shuga. Migumisiro yakadaro yakaguma munzvimbo yezvigaro zvehondo pazvitsuwa.

Fauna

Apo chikoro cheChagios iripo, rinotsanangura kuti nei mvura yegungwa yakakombwa nemakungwa emakoral. Mumvura, kune marudzi akawanda ehove dzinotyisa, dzakadai seshumbafish uye zebrafish. Pakati pevamwe vamiririri pano munogona kuwana mikonzero yakawanda kwazvo: barracuda, mhando dzakasiyana dzemashizha uye shaki duku (tiger, feline, nezvimwewo) kushambira mumatombo mukutsvaga zvokudya. Uyewo munzvimbo idzi inowanikwa yakawanda ye mollusks uye arthropods. Mvura yezvitsuwa izvi yakafuma mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakungwa egungwa.

Kunyatsoteerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune shiri dzinogara pachiwi. Masayendisiti anenge ane marudzi makumi maviri eeshiri anogara paaton. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti shiri dzinopisa dzinonyanya kuve dzakanyanyisa mumiriri wemhuka dzechitsuwa ichi.

Atoll Diego Garcia ndiyo nzvimbo yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e-coral-endemic ctenellachagius. Ichi ndicho chimwe chemarudzi e-coral-brains. Uye semasayendisiti akawana pano Chagoss anemone.