Shoko "nokupenya ndangariro" zvino pamiromo wose. Shoko rokuti "anopenya nemotokari" kunyange vokutanga graders ari kukurukura inowanzoshandiswa. Izvi michina ine rinoshamisa nokukurumidza akawana mukurumbira. Uyezve, vaongorori vakawanda kufanotaura kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo nokupenya ndangariro ichatsiva okuchengetera mano yakavakirwa rinobva disks. Chii chinogara chete kuchengeta kukura mberi uye kunobatsirei. Zvinoshamisa, vazhinji, achitaura chigadzirwa itsva iyi, anenge asingazivi kuti wakadaro nokupenya ndangariro. Kudivi rimwe, inodzidzisa inoda kuti mudziyo rakashanda, uye sei anoita mabasa ayo - zviduku. Zvisinei, kuti pane nzwisiso zvakakodzera dzose munhu akadzidza.
Chii mbaravara kuyeuka?
Sezvaunoziva, makombiyuta vane mhando dzakawanda okuchengetera mano: ndangariro modules, dzakaoma Zvifambiso uye Manyiminya Zvifambiso. Okupedzisira miviri - zviri electromechanical mhinduro. Asi RAM - zvizere wemagetsi. Ko dzakaunganidzwa transistors ari Chip akaunganidza rinokosha chip. peculiarity Its iri yokuti mashoko inochengeterwa sokuvapo mujinga electrode neimwe kudzorwa Chinokosha kwakapa. Pari isu Papera kunyatsotarisisa. Flash ndangariro ndiyo isina chikanganiso ichi. akamurairawo dambudziko okuchengetera isina voltage zvokunze akagadzirisa kushandisa zvinoyangarara suwo transistors. Pasina nechitarisiko pesvedzero vachengetwe zano wakadaro inogona kuchengetwa (makore anenge 10) nguva zvakakwana refu. Kutsanangura nheyo oparesheni, zvakafanira kuyeuka zvinokosha Electronics.
Sei munhu transistor?
zvinhu izvi zvava zvikuru kushandiswa kuti kashoma, apo havasi kushandiswa. Kunyange banal chiedza chinja dzimwe nguva kuisa inopepereswa kiyi. sei chaiwo transistor akaronga? Kwakavakirwa maviri semiconductor zvokunyama, mumwe rine wemagetsi conductivity (n), uye rimwe buri (p). Kuwana nyore transistor, zvakakodzera chokubatanidza zvokuvakisa, akadai npn uye mumwe nechigumbuso chivhariso electrode. Pane imwe electrode hwakanyanya (emitter) voltage rikashandiswa. Vanogona tungamirwe kuchinja kwakakura zvinogona paavhareji goho (chawo). Removal kunoitika pamusoro nomuteresi - wechitatu zvakanyanyisa kuonana. Zviri pachena kuti pamwe kunyangarika pechingoro voltage vachadzokera kune kwazvakarerekera ezvinhu. Asi transistor mudziyo ane zvinoyangarara gedhi pane fleshek siyanei: pamberi semiconductor nechigadziko acho anoiswa nhete paiva dielectric uye zvinoyangarara gedhi - pamwechete zvinoumba inonzi saka "muhomwe". Kana kushandisa ndinoiitawo voltage kusvikira mujinga transistor richizozarurwa kupfuura munhu kuitika unoenderana pfungwa razero. Asi kana pagedhi kuisa chete nokuchengeta (Erekitironi), munda wayo neutralizes nezvaizoitwa nechigadziko-kuvaka - mudziyo icharamba namahwindo (musoro chikwata). Nokuyera voltage pakati emitter uye nomuteresi anogona kuona kuvapo (kana kusavapo) ari mutariri pamusoro zvinoyangarara pasuwo. Kuisa basa riri pasuwo nokushandisa nomumugero maturo (Fowler - Nordheim). Kubvisa kudikanwa kuti mukuru aitarisira (9) munhu asina voltage uye yakanaka chawo kuti emitter. Mhosva achasiya suwo. Sezvo zvemichina achigara Evolving, rakachengetedzwa ndaizvipira nokubatanidza musimboti uye kwakajairika transistor pamwe zvinoyangarara pasuwo. Izvi akabvumira "vadzime" undoraira kamari voltage uye kubereka zvakawanda tsindirana mudziyo (pasina chikonzero patsanura). USB Flash ndangariro anoshandisa musimboti ichi (NAND Structure).
Saka tichibatanidza transistors aya zvinogumbura, zvaibvira kusika ndangariro umo yakanyorwa mashoko ari hunonzi rakaramba pasina shanduko kwemakumi emakore. Pamwe chete drawback hwemazuva nokupenya Zvifambiso - kuwanda nyora zvinogara muganhu.