Erekitironi nokuchengeta

Electricity, Magetsi, yemagetsi uno, nokubatira Erekitironi - mashoko vose vanoziva.

Saka chii chiri magetsi, sei anogadzirwa uye inoparadzirwa? Kupa mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi hakusi nyore. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira tinyatsoziva rebei zvakawanda mananara inonzi yemagetsi. kutanga isu funga kwakabva shoko "magetsi".

Imwe BC Ancient Greece, masayendisiti akawana kuti pashure vachidzipukuta zvinhu kubva rinopenya kwavari kukwezva chiedza miviri. Amber muchiGiriki - "Erekitironi"; zviri kubva pashoko iri anouya nezita "yemagetsi".

In yechipiri yezana musayendisiti British XVI remakore Gilbert vakaona kuti kwete chete ave pfuma rinopenya kukwezva chiedza miviri. pfuma kwakadaro akawana kukweshera uyewo zvinhu zvakawanda Somuenzaniso, nebwe, girazi. Fani iyi zvinozivikanwa electrifying. Fuma tive frictional pfuma chakazivikanwa yakafadza.

Electrifying miviri, masayendisiti akatsanangura veMubatanidzwa magetsi ari mumuviri kana magetsi mutariri.

Kuti muviri yakanga yakafadza, izvozvo hazvo varikwizire; anogona Somuenzaniso, kubata nazvo chero kare yakafadza chinhu. Somuenzaniso, zvinoratidza kuti yakafadza mitumbi dzinga kana kukwezva mumwe. On hwaro ichi, isu akagumisa kuti pane rwakasiyana zvemagetsi mutariri mhando. Izvi zvakasiyana mumwe mhosva.

Vamwe kupomerwa izvi akasvika pakunzi conditionally akanaka, uye mumwe - kunaka. Observation sei Kutaurirana yakafadza muviri, yakaratidza kuti kufanana mhosva vachagara dzinga uye kusafanana - kukwezvwa.

Mubvunzo chii chinoumba wemagetsi aitarisira, masayendisiti vanofarira kwenguva refu. isu First vaifungidzira kuti yemagetsi mananara anokonzerwa yemagetsi mvura asina uremu. Dzimwe nyanzvi vakafunga kuti muviri mumwe une mbiri dzemagetsi zvinwiwa: akanaka uye kunaka, pamwe pamusoro mumwe zvinowanisa zvakanaka electrifying muviri uye pamusoro mumwe - kunaka. Kana ivo varipo zvienzane mari, kubata zvinwiwa maviri kuparadza mumwe. Panyaya iyi, muviri yava kudzikiswa. Other masayendisiti aidavira kuti pane chimwe chete yemagetsi fluid iri iri imwe mari neimwe uncharged muviri. The pachisara mumuviri anoumba yakanaka magetsi, uye kushaya - kunaka. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kuongorora vatsva experimental chokwadi dzakamanikidzwa kusiya pfungwa pamusoro yemagetsi mvura.

Saka, yakanga vakaona kuti magetsi ane mabhomba mamiriro, i.e. unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu, imwe neimwe iri inonzi zvokutanga yemagetsi mutariri. Izvi akatibvumira kugumisa, rumwe rutivi, kudzidza magetsi nekusarangarira kuburikidza mhinduro ine munyu uye acids, uye ipapo magetsi kudzidza magasi. Pakupedzisira, zvakaitika zvave kuti zvokutanga yemagetsi mutariri uchatamisa zviduku tudonhwe nyaya.

Kuedza kuitwa panguva Chirungu yefizikisi kuguma XIX remakore Thomson, akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuvhura munhu PARTICIPLE zvinhu rine duku remagetsi nokuchengeta, uye zvadaro akatendeuka uye kuyera zvikuru ayo.

Saka, zviduku PARTICIPLE ane venhumbi ane zvokutanga kunaka aitarisira, ainzi Erekitironi.

The yemagetsi nokuchengeta Erekitironi - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvivako ayo vasingasiyani.

vakawanda ayo M = 9,1˖10⁻²⁸

The Erekitironi mutariri E = - 4,8˖10⁻¹⁰ dzakabatana.

Erekitironi - mumwe nezvimedu, vari chikamu chimwe nechimwe fuma. Zvinhu ine maatomu, kusanganisira chokwadi mhosva neerekitironi maerekitironi, izvo kufamba famba pairi. Zvisinei The akaipa chamakarairwa Erekitironi zirokwazvo kufanana chero fuma,, pamusoro zvavo nhamba nokuparadzirwa nuclei siyana. Kana atomu vari kwazvakarerekera ezvinhu, mashoko akanaka mutariri musimboti akaenzana vakaverenga akaipa mhosva pamusoro maerekitironi kuti dzitendererane nayo.

Kazhinji atomu kuti anorasikirwa maerekitironi; kana zvakadaro zvinobatsira mutariri musimboti inova huru kupfuura mari muripo yasara Erekitironi, ipapo chokwadi yose atomu inofambidzana mhosva. Kana muviri isakarurama mhosva, zvinoreva kuti pane maerekitironi rakawandisa.

The Vapikisi vane maerekitironi anosarudza kuti redistribution dzemagetsi mhosva mu zvinhu, akanaka uye akaipa magetsi miviri uye dzimwe mananara.