Chii Zvinoumba yendarira ane chikamu. Properties Its uye Applications

Bronze - ane chiwanikwa of simbi mbiri. Vakawanda kushandiswa dzakasiyana mabhora zvoupenyu hwevanhu, kubva motokari indasitiri kuti zvokunyaradza nepurani.

Chii Bronze?

mhangura ichi yakapambadzirwa pamwe gaba. Uyewo, nokuti ayo gadzira, aruminiyamu angashandiswa pachinzvimbo chechipiri, manganese, beryllium nezvimwe zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, murwiyo rine netsvina siyana riri shoma.

Also inobva akasika mhangura ndarira, iyo zingi inoshandiswa.

Mazuvano, pane mavanga chiwanikwa, umo yakasiyana sezvamunoita. Bronze siyana kwemarudzi kunogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. mazita akasiyana anoshandiswa zvinangwa zvakasiyana.

Ruvara chiwanikwa kunoenderana chikamu yemhangura uye netini, icho chine. With kudzikira uwandu rokutanga uye rechipiri kuwedzera tsvuku dziberekane uye anorasikirwa yava pfumbu.

Apo pakutanga akazviratidza ndarira?

chiwanikwa Izvi zvinozivikanwa kubva chaizvo yekare. Akatanga kuita uye kushandisa ipapa pane simbi. mhangura chete uye gaba zvinosanganisirei kwayo sezvamunoita. Bronze nguva aine asina tsvina. Wakatanga yakabereka anenge zviuru zvishanu apfuura, kuti ndiye, ari III Millennium BC. e. Nguva apo kushandiswa chiwanikwa ichi anonzi - "Bronze Age". It kusvikira I chemakore BC. e., kureva kuti, kusvikira panguva iyo vanhu vakadzidza kusvina simbi.

Bronze rinoshandiswa chaizvo kugadzirwa mishonga siyana, kusanganisira zvishongo, zvivezwa, zvombo uye nemidziyo.

Bronze. Kuronga uye Application

Made kubva ichi chiwanikwa mubayiro: pematanda, Fittings, ndiro, uyewo ose nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, akadai pajira riya, mabheyaringi, chero mashoko-siyana zvokushandisa. Uyewo yendarira inoshandiswa kuvaka uye mavakirwo nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi pazvivako, decoration okunze. Uyezve, chiwanikwa ichi anowana chikumbiro yaro plumbing - iri zvakagadzirwa nomutopota.

The chikuru boka iri yendarira gaba. Kubva rokuti zviri pachena kuti netini ndechimwe zvitsigiro nesimbi hunoumba. Bronze iyi mhando rakakamurwa dzamarudzi maviri: mumwe mukuru kumanikidzwa, uyewo Kudzingwa iro rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzira.

Rinoreva kubudiswa kufurirwa DP. OCS 4-4-2,5. It unotora gaba mune mari kubva mitatu muzana shanu kutungamirira (kubvira 1.5 kusvika 3,5 muzana), zingi (kubvira matatu mashanu muzana), uye simbi shoma (0.05%). Zvimwe zvose - mhangura.

boka iri zvinosanganisira zvendarira sezvamunoita izvo zvinosanganisira pakati matanhatu navanomwe muzana mugaba, 0.1-0.25 muzana phosphorus uye 0.02% simbi imwecheteyo kutungamirira. Br ichi. PF 6,5-0,15.

The rakatevera boka - Kukanda endarira. Yokuvirisa muchimiro simbi haana kuiswawo kwaro sezvamunoita. Bronze iyi mhando rinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa mifananidzo zvinhu, Fittings uye zvichingodaro. D.

Br. OTSS6-6-3 ine mashanu nomwe muzana mugaba, zingi, uye 5.5-6.8 muzana mhangura.

The Zvinoumba Br. OTSSN3-7-5-1 inosanganisira 2.5-4.5 muzana mugaba, 6.5-7.5 muzana zingi, 4.6-5.4% uye 0.8-1.2% mutobvu uye nickel.

Kazhinji, munguva yedu tiri vakatanga kutsiva netini nedzimwe simbi, nokuti isingadhuri. alloys kwakadaro vanoumba mumwe boka.

Bronze, kwete rine gaba kazhinji vakaderera unhu. Kwakadaro mhando ayo zvikuru kushandiswa motokari uye zvakafanana maindasitiri.

aruminiyamu yendarira

simbi Izvi unowanzosangana anoita somunhu kutsiva gaba. chitsama yaro chiwanikwa kunogona vanenge 10 muzana. Bronze, akafanana uye zvivako zvakatendeka kuzivikanwa kubva munguva dzekare, zviri zvishoma zvakasiyana aruminiyamu. Zviri anodhura, sezvo gaba kubvira makarekare akashandiswa kugadzirwa chiwanikwa ichi ane wakakwirira mutengo kupfuura aruminiyamu.

Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo kuri isingadhuri, aruminiyamu yendarira achiri mukuru simba, zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ehupfumi. Kubva wake maoko akaita kunyanya mabheyaringi, honye mavhiri zvichingodaro.

Vakawanda muchiso boka iri Br yendarira. AZHN10-4-4. sezvamunoita Its rinosanganisira 9.5-11 muzana aruminiyamu, 3.5-5.5 muzana manganese uye zvakafanana resimbi. Else - mhangura.

beryllium yendarira

In alloys dzakadaro ane anenge maviri muzana beryllium.

Ivo varidzi simba rakakwirira neukukutu zvaiswa pasi chaiyo kupisa kurapwa izvo zvinobatsira kuti zvinhu unhu. The chikuru kushandiswa bronzes izvi vari kugadzira maturusi, zvakadai nenyundo, chezero uye zvakafanana. D.

nesilicon yendarira

Ichi boka alloys rinosanganisira wayo sezvamunoita 3.2 muzana nesilicon. Ivo husingakwanisi ngura uye zvakanaka Kudzingwa zvivako.

Kubva zvokunyama kazhinji akaita tepi, waya, springy zvinhu uye zvakafanana mhando iyi.

nickel yendarira

Sezvo nouipi vanoumba nickel. Pakati pavo vane chikuru zvinhu viscosity, kurwisa zvakanaka acids uye yakakwirira tembiricha.

nendarira patinated

Munguva yedu, zvakajairika chaizvo uye izvi mhando. patina yendarira rinopa akwegura zvazviri uye chinoita decoration basa. Asi kunze kuti, uyewo anodzivirira mashoko kubva ngura. patination nzira chiwanikwa ichi rakafanana blackening zvesirivha rwokugadzira. Somugumisiro, muitiro anochinja dema yendarira, Zvinoumba iyo hakuna kushanduka.

nendarira

Zvinoumba yendarira ndarira ane chimwe chinhu chikuru zvakafanana - huru zvinoriumba imhangura. Ndirwowo anokosha uye zvikuru kushandiswa anotsanangura chiwanikwa nesimbi ichi. Zvisinei, sezvo wechipiri chinhu pane izvi zingi rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo gaba. Uyewo chipo duku shoma chirungiso muchimiro vatungamirire, simbi uye nesilicon.

Iyo chirungiso zvirimowo mune imwe kupiswa yendarira, rinogona kunzwisiswa kubva Kunyora, umo mushure tsamba L (zvinoreva "ndarira") vakasuma mumwe Somuenzaniso C (kutungamirira) ari pakunzi LS59-1. Kubva ichi tinogona kunzwisisa kuti chiwanikwa ine 59 muzana mhangura, 1 - kutungamirira-vakasununguka, uye navamwe - zinc.

Ruvara wendarira uye ayo zvivako kuvimba chikamu chacho zviri zvemhangura. Kune mapoka matatu makuru: tsvuku, yellow uye chena. Red rine ayo anoumba vanopfuura 80 muzana mhangura, kwakadai yendarira Anonziwo "ndarira dzvuku". Rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi matetetete.

At nechepasi mhangura kubva muzana yeyero - 40-80%. Zvinonzi ainyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira makiyi, headsets, sezvazvakanyorwa inoshandiswa Automotive indasitiri.

White nendarira musiyano wezvinyorwa unotora 20-40% mhangura. Zviri kusimba chaizvo, saka unogona chete ringaumbwa vachikanda.