Mhandara kuberekwa ari mhuka umambo uye muvanhu

Tsvinda Conception, kana parthenogenesis ari nadzurudzo zvepabonde kubereka apo hadzi gamete kachitanga kuva itsva munhu pasina kutora chikamu ngakuite gamete kuti muchangosangana. Parthenogenetic kubereka kwakapararira munyika mhuka umambo, zvinomera, uye kazhinji anowedzera mwero kubereka.

Parthenogenesis kwemhuka uye zvinomera

Tsvinda Conception ari nezvezvikwata zviviri - haploid uye diploid parthenogenesis, zvichienderana nhamba okutodza mune mukadzi gamete. Zvipembenene zvakawanda twakaita semasvosve, wasps uye nyuchi, somugumisiro wokutanga kuparadzira mhando pane siyana Nzanga zvipenyu. Kana haploid parthenogenesis kunoitika uye meiosis zviri haploid gametes. Mazai nembeu anogona kuva diploid vakadzi uye haploid unfertilized zai hwapedyo vanhurume yakaorera. Muna honeybee Somuenzaniso, Mambokadzi anoteya mazai vari nourume, iyo kupa vanhukadzi (kushanda vanhu, muchibereko chemusikana), uye mazai unfertilized, izvo ipai varume (drones). mashandiro akadaro wokuberekana mu tumbuyu airidza adaptive basa, nokuti kunogona kuchinja chitarisiko vana, zvichienderana mhando gametes.

Diploid parthenogenesis kunoitika muna inda dzemuriwo. Panyaya iyi, hadzi oocytes kupesvedzera imwe muchimiro meiosis - the okutodza regai kuparadzana, uye kupinda zai, polar mitumbi kuramba okutodza. Development mazai vakatakurwa muviri yamai achangoberekwa nenhunzvi vakanyatsosvika uye asingauyi hatch kubva mazai. Izvi anoramba mhenyu kuberekwa nokuda kwezvizvarwa akawanda, kusvikira kuonekwa kusvikira sero iyo unotora imwe X-chromosome uye autosomes zvose. Pairi yakatanga parthenogenetic mukono. Mukuru nani kuti partogeneneza inda dzemuriwo - akurumidze kuwedzera vanhu nokuti nhengo dzayo yakura inogona mazai.

"The tsvinda Conception" mu-siyana kwakapararira munzvimbo miti. Mumwe wavo anonzi apomixis ndiko parthenogenesis, simulating dzepabonde kubereka. chimiro ichi pamuviri rinowanikwa mune zvimwe maruva miti, vane sero diploid achikura kuva munhu mudumbu wakakwana pasina kutora chikamu ngakuite gametes. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panofanira kuva mukume zviyo, muviri parthenogenesis; mukume zviyo unobereka mahormone zvakakodzera chitarisiko embryo, uye nyaya dzakadaro anenge indistinguishable kubva pabonde kubereka.

Parthenogenesis vanhu

Nyanzvi forensic vanonyatsoziva kuti pane mukuru tembiricha kushushikana uye hwakanyanya ezvinhu vakadzi ovum vatombotanga fission muitiro, kunyange kana haina nourume. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana mukadzi akagadzirira pamuviri, iye anogona chete anodziya kwechinguva ari kugeza, uye zai iri kusashanda nokuda kutendeuka pezvakaitwa pamuviri, asi Ungangove, hazvina musoro uye aizofa nokukurumidza.

The akagadzirira Kuparidza zai ane 23 okutodza kuti kusarudza pabonde.

"The tsvinda Conception" apo ruzivo okutodza hadzi vanokamurwa vakaita mapoka maviri maviri, achiumba zai 46 okutodza zvakafanira kuti kwaita upenyu hutsva. Pashure anogona kutanga chirongwa kukamurwa uye kutanga embryo, asi chete vanhukadzi.

Maererano vanachiremba, munhu parthenogenesis munhu kunoitika pamberi kwemabhakitiriya vanogara tumbuyu, asi unogona kuita mumuviri womunhu anokonzerwa weboka zai mudumbu inotungamirwa. Utachiona anoparadza gono utachiona kana oshandura vave vakadzi.

Nechekare yakanyorwa zviitiko zvakawanda apo pasi embryo kwevanhu akachinja vakadhakwa ezvinhu akanyanyisa kana kupisa okunze, nguva dzose kuchinja kuti mukadzi, mune mamwe manzwi hazvina chinoitika murume mudumbu.

Kare, Fani iyi haina kunzwa zvachose. Chero zvazvingava, shoko "parthenogenesis" akazviratidza ichangopfuura. "Tsvinda Conception" Musikana Maria vaKristu vachinzwisisa chishamiso. Uye chokwadi kuti aigona kuva hwandaiva pamuviri, uye hapana akanga kumboitika.