Diene Mahydrocarbon: mamiriro isomerism uye Nomenclature

Diene Mahydrocarbon (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - zvine Mahydrocarbon, ari mamiriro pane vaviri kaviri zvisungo. Kufunga makemikari mamiriro alkadienes akakamurwa zvitatu mhando: I kutaipa - munhu cumulated diolefins zvisungo (SN2SSN2); Type II - alkadienes pamwe conjugation (conjugated) linkages; kaviri zvisungo zviri diene mamiriro dzakaparadzaniswa rimwe chisungo (N2SSNSNSN2); Type III - dienes pamwe insulated kwokubatana (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

Diene Mahydrocarbon: mukuru unhu

Pakati pavatatu mhando dienes vakawanda mubereko kuti makemikari indasitiri mhando II vari alkadienes. Kushandisa Erekitironi akawana kuti miviri zvisungo zviri butadiene Morekuru pakati C1 uye C4 kunopfuura ethylene Morekuru.

Diene Mahydrocarbon: isomerism

Nokuti izvi Organic yeimwe dzinoratidzwa nezvemarudzi maviri isomerism - spatial (stereoisomerism) uye STRUCTURAL. The mhando rokutanga - STRUCTURAL isomerism yeHydrocarbon cheni izvo zvingava ngaatarire kana mapazi. The mhando isomerism rechipiri imhaka spatial localization kwemaatomu uye mabhomba mapoka akapoteredza kaviri zvisungo. Saka kuumbwa vachinja uye Kishi-isomers dienes. Somuenzaniso, nokuti samolecular inonyatsoita diene S5N8 pane vatatu STRUCTURAL isomers:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene Mahydrocarbon: Nomenclature

Nokuti diene mazita vanoshandisa nomenclatures maviri - dzakaitika (semuenzaniso, nacho Allen) uye IUPAC (International Union of hunonzi ndikarangarira Chemistry). Maererano IUPAC Nomenclature, kunzi diene runoenzanirana alkane, muzita iro "en" kunotsiviwa ne suffix "diene", zvino nhamba dzinoratidza nzvimbo localization kuti miviri zvisungo zviri yeHydrocarbon cheni. yeHydrocarbon cheni vaverengwa rinoitwa kuti nhamba dzine rakadzika ukoshi. dienes ari nzira yakapiwa pamusoro IUPAC Nomenclature chichange vachinzi sezvinotevera: 1,4-pentadiene; 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

Kune vakawanda maindasitiri uye rabhoritari nzira diene usage. The zvihombe ndiwo depolymerization rwokuzvarwa rabha (mufushwa DISTILLATION), nzira CATALYTIC nemvura kuti alkanes, kupera mvura mumuviri nzira monohydric nomuti alcohols.

Butadiene - chinokosha mbishi zvinhu hwokubereka chakaita zvokugadzirwa rubbers (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), uyewo perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - mumwe chete anozivikanwa zvakanaka. First isoprene anobudiswa kubva dzinongoitika rabha nokuda yakaoma DISTILLATION. Isoprene yakanga vakazvigadzirirwa kupera mvura mumuviri kuti isopentane. Kushandiswa pave chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha, somushonga uye zvinonhuwirira zvinhu.

Rubbers - simba chaizvo uye kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu zviri makemikari mavambo iyo rinobudiswa kubva dzinongoitika mbishi zvinhu (dzinongoitika rabha) uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa nzira (chakaita zvokugadzirwa). Hwaro rabha vari diene Morekuru conjugation vakavirikidza zvisungo. The matai yakawanikwa panguva kubudiswa zvokunyama uye kudziyisa sarufa (vulcanization). Rubbers - inokosha zvikuru mbishi zvinhu nokuda kugadzirwa matai uye sepombi, insulating rinoparadza, rabha Mittens, shangu uye nezvimwe zvinhu inoshandiswa indasitiri, mhuri, nezvipfuwo, zvokurapa uye wemhuka.

Ethylenic Mahydrocarbon mu nechivako yavo chete chisungo kaviri. Dzimwe nguva yeimwe aya anotaurwa olefins nokuti dzakaderera gaseous alkenes kuita kuiisa chlorine kana bromine iumbe jikichira remubatanidzwa zviri insoluble mumvura.

Acetylenic Mahydrocarbon (alkynes) - yeimwe, ane chimwe chisungo katatu. The soro ukoshi zvose alkynes zviri acetylene riri kuwanikwa zvokuverengera karusiyamu carbide nemvura. gasi ichi rinoshandiswa pana autogenous nomoto uye vakatema simbi. Acetylene - chinokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa ethylene, panyaya iyi, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene, iine acid acetate, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.