Van Allen nemwaranzi bhandi

Pasi nemwaranzi bhandi (RPGs), Van Allena bhanhire, kana - nharaunda nzvimbo dzepedyo vakapoteredza nyika, ane chimiro zvindori zvendarama zviri hofori Hova maerekitironi uye protons. Earth anovarangira achishandisa dipole remagineti.

kuwanikidza

EBL rakaonekwa muna 1957-58. Masayendisiti vokuUnited States uye Soviet Union. "Explorer 1" (yaifananidzira pazasi), rokutanga US nzvimbo satellites, kushanda yakaitika muna 1958, akapa mashoko anokosha chaizvo. Nemhaka vekuAmerica onboard kwakaita panyika (pagungano kukwira vanenge 1000 km), kwakawanikwa nemwaranzi wenharaunda (mukati). Gare gare, nharaunda yechipiri yakadaro pana ane kukwira vanenge 20,000? Km. Hapana pachena muganhu pakati yomukati uye dzokunze mabhandi - kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma vachipinda yechipiri. Vaviri radioactive zvikamu zvakasiyana ukuru mutariri zvacho vavo sezvamunoita.

nzvimbo idzi pakuzivikanwa se Van Allena mabhandi. Dzheyms Van Allen - a yefizikisi, imwe kuedza iyo akavabatsira kuziva. Masayendisiti akawana kuti nemabhandi izvi dzine mhepo rezuva uye mhosva tudonhwe yepasi pose mwaranzi, izvo kukwezvwa paNyika waro remagineti. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoumba munhu torus vakapoteredza nyika (dimikira iri yakaita imwe doughnut).

In muchadenga, kubva panguva iyoyo kwave kuedza zhinji. Ivo vanobvumirwa kuongorora huru zvinhu uye zvivako zviri RPGs. Kwete chete redu, pane nemwaranzi mabhandi. Ndivo miviri iripo uye dzimwe yokudenga, vane ezvinhu uye remagineti. Radiation bhandi Van Allen yakawanikwa kunokwana US interplanetary zvikepe Mars. Mukuwedzera, vokuAmerica vakawana muna Saturn uye Jupiter.

Dipole remagineti

Redu ane Van Allena bhandi kwete chete, asi dipole remagineti. Zviri kutaridza simba rinonzi magnetic anoshongwa nested mune mumwe. Nemamiriro munda chakafanana makabheji kana hanyanisi. Magnetic goko inogona kufungwa sezvo yakarukwa kubva rinobva mitsetse simba wakapfigwa penyika. The pedyo nechepakati dipole ndiwo goko, kunokonzera remagineti simba. Uyezve, kupomba kuti kunodiwa kuti mhosva PARTICIPLE penetrable kunze, kunowedzerawo.

Saka, N-I hamvuropu ane tichimhanya nezvimedu P _n. In Kana apo kwokutanga tichimhanya pamusoro PARTICIPLE idukusa P _N, zvinoratidza simba remagineti. The PARTICIPLE zvino anodzoka muchadenga. Zvisinei, zvangoitikawo kuti Anovhura N-fung nevamwe. Muchiitiko chino, haichawaniki kukwanisa kuenda. PARTICIPLE richakundwa nechiteyeso chero hazvina kupera, kana atarisana residual ezvinhu haangaregi kurasikirwa simba.

The remagineti edu nyika ndiyo chete goko riri panguva dzakasiyana kure panyika panguva longitudes siyana. Izvi nokuda mismatch simba remagineti pamwe akabatana kuti vachishandisa kutenderera nyika ekisero. Izvi zvinoonekwa zvakanaka pamusoro Brazilian rinobva anomaly. Munharaunda iyi remagineti Rwonzi Haatauri uye entrained nezvimedu uchifamba navo, unogona kuva pazasi 100 km kukwirira saka achawira pasi muchadenga.

Zvinoumba RPGs

Inside the nemwaranzi bhandi gogonera kuparadzirwa protons uye maerekitironi. First iri romukati chayo, uye wechipiri - kuruvazhe. Saka, vachiri pavaipfuura kudzidza, masayendisiti vaitenda kuti pane zvimwewo (e) uye yomukati (hwepurotoni) Utongi nemwaranzi mabhandi. Pari, pfungwa iyi hachibatsiri.

Anokosha mashandiro kuti chizvarwa Van Allena Belt filler nezvimedu ndiyo kuora kuti albedo neutrons. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti neutrons vakasikwa apo muchadenga interacts pamwe yepasi pose nemwaranzi. The chekubuda nezvimedu uchifamba nenzira kubva nyika (neutrons albedo), ichipfuura paNyika remagineti zvakasununguka. Zvisinei, vane kusagadzikana uye nyore anoora kupinda maerekitironi, protons uye Erekitironi antineutrino. Radioactive albedo Musimboti ane mukuru simba, anoora mukati chatakagara nharaunda. Ndiko kuti Van Allena bhandi iri kukasawedzerwa positrons uye maerekitironi.

EBL uye madutu rinobva

Paunotanga simba madutu rinobva, inoramba izvi regai chete mhanyisa, vanosiya radioactive Van Allen bhandi, nokuisa vabvemo. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana simba remagineti configuration nechakatsinhiwa, mugirazi pfungwa anogona Kunyudzwa mumhepo. Panyaya iyi, zvacho vanorasikirwa simba (ionization Nokurasikirwa, vaparadzirwa) kuchinja kukwirira kwenzwi pamakona, uye ipapo akafa kusvika okumusoro akaturikidzana magnetosphere.

RPGs uye mwenje kuchamhembe

Van Allen nemwaranzi bhandi iri takapoteredzwa yeplasma layer vanoumba rakanga rakundwa Hova protons (ions) uye maerekitironi. Chimwe chikonzero chinoita ichi sezvo kuchamhembe (polar) sokupenya - ndechokuti inoramba arashirwa kubva plasma layer pamwe kubva kwokunze RPG. Borealis rinomiririra mumhepo nemwaranzi maatomu izvo kufara nokuda kudhumhana pamusoro nezvimedu precipitating kubva bhandi.

Kudzidza RPGs

Rinenge inokosha migumisiro yose kuferefeta ose idzodzo dzakadai nemwaranzi mabhandi, dzakanga vakawana munenge 1960-70-ies. Recent zvaanorumbidza nokushandiswa orbital pazviteshi, ngarava interplanetary uye ichangobva yesayenzi midziyo akabvumira masayendisiti kubudisa mashoko matsva zvinokosha chaizvo. Van Allen mabhandi yakapoteredza Pasi vari akadzidza munguva yedu. Rondedzera muchidimbu nokubudirira zvikuru munharaunda iyi.

The Data vakawana kubva "Salyut-6"

Vanotsvakurudza kubva Moscow Engineering Physics Institute mukutanga 80-ies kunge havawanzoiti Erekitironi nokuyerera rurefu azvipire simba munguva pfupi pedyo redu. Kuti vaite izvi, vakashandisa midziyo, yaiva orbital yemapurisa "Salyut-6". Inoita masayendisiti kuti zvikuru zvakanyanya kuparadzanisa Hova positrons uye maerekitironi vane masimba kupfuura 40 BSN. Muchadenga chiteshi (zvaidiwa 52 °, rakakwirira anenge 350-400 km) rinomhanya kunyanya pazasi nemwaranzi mabhandi panyika. Zvisinei, richiri akabata menzvimbo iri wokuBrazil rinobva anomaly. Kana kuyambuka nzvimbo yakawanikwa mira Rwako, zvinosanganisira mukuru-simba maerekitironi. The RPG chete maerekitironi vane simba idukusa 5 BSN zvakanyorwa pamberi kuedza.

chakagadzirwa kwomwedzi date dzinoti "Meteor-3"

Vanotsvakurudza kubva Moscow Engineering Physics Institute akaita zvimwe kuyerwa pamusoro chakagadzirwa satellites yepasi dzinoti "Meteor-3", umo kureba dzeraundi muchadenga pakati 800? Km uye 1200. Panguva ino, kuti chikwata chave midzi kwazvo RPGs. It akasimbisa migumisiro vakanga vakawana ambotaurwa panzvimbo "Salut-6". Vaongorori ipapo akawana mumwe mugumisiro inokosha, kushandisa chechitima "Mir" uye "Salyut-7" rinobva spectrometers. Zvakanga nekusimba kuti kugadzikana mapazi kare kuchengetwa rinoumbwa bedzi pamusoro maerekitironi (positrons hapana), simba izvo chaizvo (kusvika 200 BSN).

Kuvhura mira CNO nuclei bhandi

Boka vatsvakurudzi MSU NIYAF mukupera 80 uye mangwanani 90-ies kunze kumwe kuedza zvainanga kudzidza nuclei, izvo riri pedyo nzvimbo. nezviyero izvi rwaiitwa kushandisa Proportional makamuri uye zvenyukireya emulsions. Vakanga vakatakura pamusoro Satellite "Cosmos" dzakatevedzana. Masayendisiti akawana kuvapo nuclei Hova N, O uye Ne ari muchadenga, umo rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite muchadenga (zvaidiwa 52 °, zvinenge 400-500? Km kukwirira) intersects anomaly wokuBrazil.

Analysis kwakaratidza kuti nuclei izvi, kuti chinosvika makumi vanoverengeka BSN / nucleon havana Galactic, albedo kana zuva mavambo, sezvo vakanga vasingagoni nezvakawanda simba dawo vanyura magnetosphere yedu. Saka masayendisiti akaona anomalous chezvinonhuwira yepasi pose mwaranzi anoteyiwa remagineti.

Low-simba maatomu ari yomuchadenga yacho, vanokwanisa kupinda munzvimbo heliosphere. Zvadaro, ultraviolet nemwaranzi kwezuva ionizes mono- kana disubstituted. The zvichiguma mhosva nezvimedu vari nokukurumidza pamusoro fronts nemhepo zuva, richisvika vemakumi vanoverengeka BSN / u. Vakabva kupinda mukati magnetosphere, ayo akabatwa uye zvakazara ionized.

Quasi-mira bhandi protons uye maerekitironi

On Sun March 22, 1991 pakava simba nokupenya kuti akaperekedza kwebhuku guru rezuva zvinhu hombe. It asvika magnetosphere kubudikidza 24 March uye Yachinja nharaunda yokunze. The gwenya mhepo magnetosphere dzinoputika nezvimedu vaiva nesimba rakawanda. Asvika nharaunda umo ipapo akanga CRESS, vokuAmerica Satellite. Mano akatasva payo akanyorwa rakapinza kuwedzera hwepurotoni simba iri zvakasiyana 20 kusvika 110 BSN uye simba Erekitironi (anenge 15 BSN). Izvi runoratidzwa kuburikidza chidzoke pebhandi itsva. Chokutanga, mumwe quasi-mira bhandi vakachengeta pamusoro dzinoverengeka chitundumusere-musere. Zvisinei, chete "Mir" chiteshi, akadzidza kuti ya upenyu makore maviri.

Sezvineiwo, zviri 60s remakore rapfuura somugumisiro yokuti mune pezvakasikwa raputika renyukireya mano, paiva quasi-mira bhandi, rine maerekitironi vane simba duku. It chakavapo kweanenge makore 10. Radioactive fission nezvimedu Zvaparara, uye ichi kwaibva mhosva inoramba.

Pane imwe RPG pamusoro Moon

Mune kwomwedzi yedu hapana Van Allen nemwaranzi bhandi. Uyezve, hapana unodzivirira mhepo. Pechiso Moon akavhura mhepo kwezuva. A simba rezuva kugabhuka, kana zvaitika panguva womudenga basa zvaizotorwa incinerated uye muchadenga kunoongorora uye Kamudzira, sezvo vaizopiwa spewed rakakura nemwaranzi zvinoyerera inova zvinouraya.

Zvinoita kudzivirira yepasi pose nemwaranzi

mubvunzo uyu ane masayendisiti vanofarira kwemakore akawanda. In mishonga duku nemwaranzi, sezvo chikazozikamwa, ane anenge hapana zvazvinoita utano hwedu. Zvisinei, zvinokuchengetedzai chete pavanenge haapfuuri imwe pachikumbaridzo. Unoziva chii pamwero nemwaranzi kunze Van Allen bhanhire, pamusoro pemvura yedu? Kazhinji, zviri radon uye thorium nezvimedu asingasviki 100 Bq pa 1 mamita ^3. Inside, RPGs, nhamba idzi dzakakwirira zvikuru.

Chokwadi, Van Allen nemwaranzi mabhandi Nyika iri ngozi chaizvo kuvanhu. kukanganisa kwavo muviri aidzidza vaongorori vakawanda. masayendisiti Soviet muna 1963 akati Bernard Lovell, yakakurumbira British muongorori wenyeredzi, zvinoreva kuti havazivi munhu kudzivirira pamigumisiro nemwaranzi muchadenga. Izvi zvaireva kuti vaisagona kunyange kubata gobvu goko yacho midziyo yeSoviet. Saka, anoshandiswa capsules vokuAmerica vakanaka simbi, potse sezvinoita foil, aigona kudzivirira muchadenga kunoongorora?

Maererano ivimbiso NASA, izvozvo waakatuma muchadenga kunoongorora kumwedzi chete kana panomuka havabvumirwi kuti sangano anokwanisa vachifanotaura. Zvinokwanisika kurerutsa nemwaranzi njodzi. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi, vanoti kuti chete nehasha kufanotaura musi mukuru mwaranzi.

Van Allen bhandi achibhururuka kumwedzi

Mazura, cosmonaut Soviet, muna 1966 vachiri akabuda mune noruvazhe. Zvisinei, iye akanga akapfeka super-rinorema kutungamirira suit. Asi pashure 3 years, muchadenga kunoongorora vokuUnited States akasvetukira pamusoro womudenga pamusoro, uye zviri pachena kwete rinorema masutu. Zvichida Nyanzvi kubva NASA mumakore vakakwanisa kuwana Ultra-chiedza zvinhu chinodzivirira muchadenga kunoongorora kubva nemwaranzi? Moonshot achiri kunomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda. Chimwe chikuru nharo nevaya vanotenda kuti vanhu vokuAmerica havana asvika pamusoro payo - kuvapo nemwaranzi mabhandi.