Nhoroondo guta Ivanovo: Mugore nheyo, zvinokwezva indasitiri

Future Ivanovo akazviratidza sezvo duku murimi mudiki guta pedyo Orthodox wemamongi iri XVII remakore. Zvishoma nezvishoma, musha rakura anoonga kukura yomunharaunda Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Kubvira XIX remakore, chinhu chikuru maindasitiri muzinda uye chinokosha upfumi nomusimboti munyika.

Wokutanga kutaurwa

Ivanovo-nezvayo nhoroondo yeguta rakatanga muna 1609, apo kugarwa yakatanga kutaurwa yaMakoronike zvakanyorwa Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. Maererano bhuku rino, taundi duku inotangwa mutizi varimi vakanga vasara patrimonial chechechi akagara. Kuti varege kuvhiringidza nayo nevamwe namagariro Ivanovo nemazita zvakafanana, dzimwe nguva inonzi Ivanovo-Kohomskim (akatevera akanga Kohma nhare).

The kutaurwa mumusha okutanga chokuita Nguva Troubles, apo Russia akatambura yehondo uye Polish kupindira. Foreign nechisimba zvasvika kusvikira Ivanovo. Russia yakanga vakapamba zvinotyisa ezvinhu, hakuna hondo simba, izvo zvaizoita pwanyai nokudzinga vanopinda nechisimba. Muna 1608-1609 gg. musha raishandiswa sokunoratidza pfungwa nokuda kwehondo Poles, Lithuanians uye Cossacks vatsigiri Venhema Dmitry II. Nechekare muna XX remakore, vanochera matongo vakaona ari yunifomu guta nguva, akaita pamusoro West European womuenzaniso. Muna 1609-M (chawo gore Ivanovo) musha waiva chidukuduku, uye kwenguva yakati akaramba asazivikanwa. Asi zvimwe upfumi kwakaita akariita muzinda Whitehead Textile kugadzirwa.

Boyar patrimony

Kunyange asati kutanga Troubles nzvimbo dzakapoteredza Kokhma vaiva nesimba Prince Skopin-Shumsky. Muzana XVI remakore Pokrovsky wemamongi rakaumbwa pano. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yakakurumbira mutungamiri uto Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky akapedza ake uduku munharaunda iyi. Nhoroondo guta Ivanovo - chaiwo muenzaniso murimi mudiki mumusha uri arikunze yeRussian wehurumende. The veko vaiita mukugadzira uye värjäys micheka kubva furakisi, kushandiswa kugadzira Matandira. Kurima pano akanga havaratidzi yakatanga wakakodzera nizkoplodorodnyh ivhu.

Under chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich aiva vaverengwe, mashoko pamusoro rachengetedzwa zvinotisimbisa. Nemhaka magwaro aya nhasi uye vairidza nhoroondo muguta Ivanovo. In yokutanga yezana XVII remakore, paiva makubhiti anodarika zana, kuti ndiwo vakawanda chakadaro kure nzvimbo.

kunogara Old Vatendi

The chikuru gang iri navigable rwizi Ivanovo Uvod. Pamusana kwaari, vagari vomumusha vakakwanisa kumisa simba zveupfumi ukama yakavakidzana nharaunda. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ivhu munzvimbo iyi haabvumirwi kukura gorosi, asi chaiva chikuru ezvinhu kuunganidza goho guru wokucheka.

Muna 1638, pashure nhangemutange Skopin-Shuisky akafa pasi, musha vakayambuka kumachinda Cherkassky. Kunyange pashure pemakore 30 vanhu Ivanovo akanga atova vanhu 800, kwete kusanganisira kutarisira uye nevafundisi. Akazviratidzazve mutemberi itsva. Kuti nhamba yavo yakanga chikuru chinoratidza kuwanda uye vapfume wokuRussia musha chero panguva. Kana nyika paiva schism, chokuita kuchinja Patriarch Nikon, nzvimbo nemafashamo pamwe Old Vatendi. The ipapo Nhoroondo Ivanovo guta kwave chokuita kufamba popovtsev. vanhu ava akatizira kumucheto nyika kubva chehurumende, vaidzvinyirirwa vanyengeri.

Guta guru Whitehead Textile indasitiri

Kukura zvakaita kuti kwaita kurukiswa mumusha vatenzi ose akadhindwa jira pamatende. With nzira iyi, aishanda remangwana zvipfeko avaiita uye ruvara muenzaniso. Ivanovo somunhu Whitehead Textile guta guru Russia kwakaitika XVII remakore. zvinhu Local vanotengeswa dzimwe nhumbi munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika. micheka izvi zvinoshandiswa kudiwa kukuru nevamwe vanhu.

Zvishoma nezvishoma Zvakawanwa vakawanda vakagara Ivanovo, zvichiita dzakapfuma uye zvakawanda. nemhizha Local nhumbi Astrakhan uye kuburikidza nayo kunyika okumabvazuva - .. Persia, kuCaucasus, etc. ukama idzi zveupfumi kukanganiswa unyanzvi pachayo yoguma. Ivanovo zvigadzirwa vakatanga kutakura rupawo kumabvazuva tsika.

Pakutanga ari XVIII remakore, chevaux Peter I rakatanga nokubatanidzwazve ari Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Kana wakagamuchira musha Ivanovo pachake tsika imba. vashandi vayo aunganidzwa zvokutengeserana nemitero, iyo akaenda muchivigiro. Zvisinei, pane yakadirana mutsva sefungu vashandi, akatanga kuzviratidza nzvimbo itsva pachena, zvakadai Vapar. Kufanana zvose zvimwe misha Russian nguva, musha akatambura kakawanda moto. Somuenzaniso, muna 1723 MOTO mamita anopfuura 200, vachisiya vagari vazhinji pasina dzimba uye pokugara.

kwemaindasitiri

Oddly zvakakwana, upfumi kukosha Ivanovo yakawedzera nokuda Hondo 1812. Apo mauto Napoleon raMwari yakarwisa Moscow akariita moto hombe nomoto, kusanganisira Moscow uye kurukiswa vachida. Pashure paizvozvo, Ivanovo maindasitiri kwenguva refu nguva havana kundosangana yemakwikwi mudzimai uye kumisika. Vakatora nechivimbo zvoupfumi niches, iyo zvino hapana akapa.

Kana muna 1810 kutengeswa micheka Ivanovo vakauya mamiriyoni 1 rubles, kana 7 Makore akazotevera mufananidzo uyu yakawedzera ka7. Paiva dzomunharaunda fabrikantskie chigaro - .. Kuvaeva, Polushina, Garelina etc. Havana mari kwete chete vayo kugadzira, asiwo mumaguta kwezvivako. mafekitari Local akatanga kuuya kwete chete kubva mumaguta pedyo uye Moscow, asiwo kubva kune dzimwe nyika.

Kunyange belatedly, asi muna Ivanovo ari XIX remakore waitanga kwemaindasitiri. Business varidzi vari kutamira kure remaoko kuti mafekitari kunozarura motokari kugadzirwa. New emakambani anobvumira kuwedzera kumhanya kugadzirwa uye mari kutengesa. Takatanga kuoneka mafekitari itsva kuti vakanga vasina chokuita Textiles zvakananga, asi ane zvokutsigira basa. Raiva makemikari, rwekushanda nesimbi, zvemaziso uye donje chigayo. ari abolition kuti serfdom Ivanovo varimi vazhinji nokuda kwayo Whitehead Textile upfumi Kunyange asati aregererwa pakuda uye kunyange kuva navatengesi. Kushanda panzvimbo yacho itsva yakanga yakarongwa varombo uye varombo mumaguta pedyo. Vanhu ava vakagara Posada, ane nhamba iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

The chinzvimbo weguta

Muna 1872, chevaux Alexander II akasaina chirevo pamusoro pokugadzwa guta Ivanovo-Voznesensk. With chiito ichi, icho formalizes munhu fait accompli. The musha rakura kwenguva refu, uye yaro hupfumi zvinogona zvakange zvakawanda zvokuti duku asazivikanwa taundi riri Vladimir province. Kurwira pokugadzwa guta rakanga raitwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo kuti emakore.

Kare nemisha 1853 akawanda kuti akazviratidza vakakomba musha, vakanga vakabatana mu Voznesensky Posad. vagari vemo aiva 3.5 zviuru nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vashandi. The musha vagari dzakanga kaviri sezvo vakawanda, asi yakanga zvoupfumi zvikuru shure. The tenements akava ugare burgher Duma, sachigaro iyo vakava vagadziri simba.

Zviri private chirongwa kuti maindasitiri zvakasimbisa zvitsva chitange Ivanovo. Russia muna 1860 ruzivo okunyanyisa kuchinja akawanda. Upfumi akatanga ano capitalist pemitsara. On private patronage mari Hospital hwagadzwa kuti vashandi, waishandiswa chikoro vana vavo, uyewo raibhurari. Nhasi zvivako izvi - Monuments of Ivanovo.

Nokuda American Civil War muRussia zvinenge kurega kuuya ikoko donje. Izvi zvimwe akaderedza dingindira zvoupfumi kukura muna Ivanovo. Zvisinei, kuti Whitehead Textile guru Russia akatanga kukura nokuda abolition pamusoro serfdom uye water drainage kuti vanhuwo zvavo kupinda mafekitari. Kuti kwouwandu hwevanhu uye kuwedzera nhamba emakambani vakasundira chehurumende kuteerera mumusha uye kuzvipa guta mamiriro.

proletarian nemhirizhonga

In kutsanya kukura Ivanovo-Voznesensk vakanga kusvika vashandi zvose zvitsva. Nokuda vakawanda mafekitari kanoda upfumi guta kunyange pakuzivikanwa se "Russian Manchester". Zvisinei, kuwedzera kushanda vakawanda zvakakonzera kuwedzera munzanga makakatanwa. Ndokusaka panguva pakutanga XX remakore nokumukirana zvose Ivanovo kumatunhu runozununguswa parinouya, kuramwa nezvimwe proletarian pemitongo achirwa nezviremera.

The guta rakava muzinda Kukwezva vatsigiri okunyanyisa pfungwa enyika. Muna 1892 kwakaonekwa mudenderedzwa Marxists rokutanga, kunyange pashure 6 makore paiva komiti yeRussian Social-Democratic Labor Party. The Russian chimurenga yokutanga muna 1905 kusvika Ivanovo kuchiratidzwa vakawanda nenjodzi. It rwakatora mazuva 72. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, muna ndichiitawo wakapindwa zviuru 30 vashandi vasingagutsikani. zvavanoda vaiva mwero panguva iyoyo - kubvumirana pane risingamboshandisi muhoro chikumbaridzo kupinda masere-awa kushanda zuva, etc ...

Manufacturers vakaramba kuti tobvuma kuti vairatidzira. Ipapo vaitsutsumwa vakabata sarudzo dzavo uye akasarudzwa 151 vamiririri. Avo akasika Ivanovo-Voznesensky citywide kanzuru vashandi 'vevatariri. Rakanga wokutanga sangano kwakadaro munyika kare. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, Ivanovo zvakaitika 1905 kwakapiwa vainyatsotarisirwa. chirangaridzo kunzwisisa "Krasnaya Talka" yakavhurwa muguta. Zvinosanganisira zvakawanda Monuments of Ivanovo, pamusoro nhoroondo echimurenga kufamba. Muna 1905, basa bato aiva wechiduku Bolshevik Mikhail Frunze. Gare gare, aizova mumwe munhu anokudzwa zvikuru vatungamiriri vemauto uye vatungamiri Soviet Union. Basa rake rakatanga chaizvo echimurenga muna Ivanovo.

Pokugadzwa Bolshevik simba

Mushure abdication pakati Nicholas II muna Ivanovo hunyambiri simba, iyo aiita kuti dzakawanda. Kune rimwe divi kwaiva Soviet Workers 'wevatariri, uye pane dzimwe - vamiririri dikidiki Government. Chokutanga, guta simba guru SRs uye Mensheviks. Kana chirimo rakaitirwa apiwa sarudzo kuti kanzuru, ruzhinji zvigaro mairi ine Bolsheviks. Nokuti nhau pamusoro October Revolution muna Petrograd, vakanga vakagadzirira uye pakarepo akasika kumuzinda echimurenga. Yehondo iri anenge asina kukanganiswa nzvimbo idzi. Simba Bolsheviks akapfuura pasina kudeuka kweropa, uye chena uye haana kusvika guta.

Muna 1918, Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya dunhu akasikwa. Yakava Nhongonya Whitehead Textile indasitiri reSoviet Russia. The Bolsheviks akasika pasi itsva Federation, pahwaro rusununguko rwake zvoupfumi uye voga kubva yakavakidzana enyika. The itsva chinzvimbo pakarepo vakafungisisa upenyu guta. Zvaibva kudzidzisa uye polytechnic ne. Akatanga kuzviratidza itsva zvikoro, zvipatara, mamiziyamu uye mumaraibhurari. Mugore 20-ies. akazarura yayo mvura, uye pashure pake, muchimiro mabhazi mabhazi.

New Whitehead Textile fekitari muguta akakwezva vashandi kubva munzvimbo pedyo. Pakati pavo paiva nevakadzi vazhinji, chinokodzera seamstresses, etc. Naizvozvo, panguva Soviet Ivanovo akagamuchira akakurumbira zita - .. "Guta vasvitsa". Zviremera Local nokukurumidza ndikabvisa zvose aigona kuyeuchidza youmambo yaitonga. Naizvozvo, muna 1932 Ivanovo-Voznesensk akanga pakupedzisira zita rokuti Ivanovo. Vaimbove placename vaitakura rupawo aimbova wechitendero Orthodox uye akatsamwisa ari Bolsheviks.

Soviet zvenharaunda centre

Mumwedzi mishanu yokutanga Ivanovo kubudirira mamiriro "proletarian guta rechitatu" pashure muMoscow uye Leningrad. Rakanga chokuita vakawanda mafekitari emakambani kuvhura. Panguva iyoyo, utungamiriri Soviet akanga achironga kutamisira muzinda RSFSR neimwe guta, apo vachisiya guta guru Soviet muMoscow. Pakati "musarudzo" nokuti zita zvakanga uye Ivanovo, kunyange zvazvo basa haana rakatangwa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri 20-30-ies. guta akasangana pakukura vosimba kwayo. Ivanovo yekudyidzana vakavakazve. ezvivako Soviet akatarira sezvo Yokuedzera nokuda kuedza kwavo. Nokuda nhasi iri remunharaunda pakati pane Zvivako dzakawanda mangwanani mugovanisi constructivism. Nemamwe maguta akakurumbira vari kupfuura uye rakasiyana kuchikoro vana rechiKomonisiti mhuri wokumwe (Interdom) circus munyika.

Bolshevik kugadzirisa Ivanovo kwave asina zvakawanda mutemberi uye machechi avaka czarist yaitonga. Somuenzaniso, yakaparadzwa Pokrovsky wemamonk, pakavakirwa pane imwe nguva uye akaumba yokugara, iyo akazova remunharaunda muzinda. Its chivakwa yacho yakaparadzwa uye yaro panzvimbo akavaka Drama Theater wakasvinudza muna 1939.

Panguva Great Patriotic War aiva hwezuva shure Ivanovo guta. Pano mukanyiwa zvipatara akazarurwa varwi uye vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vasiya. Kazhinji dzatora kwakavakirwa zvikoro nezvimwe zvivako paruzhinji. Muna 1942, nechepasi nokuda French mhepo hondo "Normandie-Niemen" akasikwa ari Ivanovo yendege. Foreign vezvikepe vakarwa parutivi Soviet Union pamusoro Sekaiichi. In Ivanovo, vaigara vakaparadzana dormitories.

modernity

Panopera Hondo Yenyika II muna Ivanovo akatanga kuvhura kwete chete zvatinosiita Whitehead Textile emakambani, asiwo muchina-kuvaka zvirimwa. The kwaita mafekitari itsva kwakaita kuti kukurumidza kuwedzera mumadhorobha dzimba munyika 1980s. Most makambani aya anoshanda nhasi.

The guta yemazuva ano vaumbe zvinhu zvose yapfuura eras. Kusvikira ikozvino, paiva gakava pakati vagari, kana zvakakodzera kudzokera zita rayo nhoroondo Ivanovo Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Muchirongwa ichi kunobva kurovedzera nevatungamiriri yeRussian Orthodox Church. Pasinei neizvi, ano Ivanovo vagari vanodavira kuti zita kuitika reguta zvikuru akakodzera okuberekwa.

zviratidzo guta

Muna 1970 rakazoshandiswa jasi zvombo Ivanovo. peculiarity Its iri ndechokuti harina yakatsvikinyidzana zvinowanzoitika mazano Soviet - .. jeko, sando, nyeredzi, nezvimwewo Asi anofananidzwa chiratidzo chokutanga Russian chimurenga - the zhenje, uyewo chomuruki revaruki.

Shure kwaizvozvo nguvo maoko Ivanovo zvakachinja kamwe chete. Muna 1996 iye akaitwa nomufananidzo musikana ari mutsvuku sundress uye chishongo chomusoro. In namaoko ane Kukosa vhiri - chiratidzo vazhinji Whitehead Textile Enterprises. Female mufananidzo pamusoro maoko - ichi ndechimwe nokusimbisa kuti mamiriro "guta vasvitsa" rakapiwa kwaari kuti chikonzero. The mutaundi inozivikanwa vakadzi Varuki ayo kurukiswa. Ivanovo mureza, vakagamuchirwa muna 2003, kuti pfungwa akagadzirwa zvakafanana.