Karusiyamu carbide

Somugumisiro nesungano pakati kabhoni pamwe simbi panguva kumusoro temperaturahpoluchayutsya carbides. Somuenzaniso, karusiyamu carbide: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Vose carbides ane kushanda zvikuru. CaC2 Kwakachena - crystallizing zvakanaka zvikukutu, Hauoneki crystals vakaumba ions Ca2 + uye C2-. mamwe mazita ake - karusiyamu acetylide kana karusiyamu carbide. Matadza gobvu akaenzana 64,1 g / nhuta. Hazvina kugadzikana uye kwete soluble zvayo known zvokufembedzwa, uye uchiora pedyo kuita mvura. ayo arambe achirema ndiyo 2.22 g / cm³. Utsotso tembiricha raiva 2160 ° C uye kubika - 2300 ° C. The mwero simba pamusoro muviri ane fuma zvikuru ngozi (class 1st pangozi).

First karusiyamu acetylide rakagadzirwa muna 1862 maererano kemisiti wokuGermany Fridrihom Velerom kana neshungu chete nemarasha chiwanikwa pamusoro zingi uye calcium yakawanda. Naivowo akarondedzera maitiro calcium carbide pamwe H2O. Kunyange tichingoda ayo (semuenzaniso, mumhepo mwando) calcium carbide ikasakendenga zvakasimba pamwe pakabudiswa yakawanda kupisa. Asi kana yokusava mvura zvichizoita acetylene autoignition kunogona kuitika. Karusiyamu carbide nesimba zvaanoita pamwe rakasanganiswa inorganic acids uye aqueous mhinduro kubva alkalis. Izvi ndiyo hurumende ichiisa acetylene. Kuva simba achidzikisa mumiriri, CaC2 kudzorera ose simbi oxides kuti carbides kana simbi yakachena.

Kuwana karusiyamu carbide hakusi nyore nokuti calcium, uye ayo oxide. At dzakakwirira tembiricha (kubvira 2000 kusvika 2300 ° C) chiri kupora. The simbi uye kabhoni chokuita: Cao + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. The kwacho kunoitika wemagetsi riemukaari chamatare, sezvamakaropafadzwa ane incandescent muvhenganiswa wavapenyu kwesuko uye chemubhotoro kana anthracite. The zvakaoma chigadzirwa iri yechitema, ane grayish ruvara, nokuti rine kuchena muchimiro vakasununguka kabhoni, oxide, uye sulfide, karusiyamu phosphide nezvimwe makemikari. Misa chakapatsanurwa CaC2 mairi 80-85%.

In zvakaitwa carbides nemvura mikoko kana simbi, kana acetylene. Maererano wechipiri musimboti ikasakendenga nemvura karusiyamu carbide. Acetylene, kunoguma zvakaitwa kuti ane maindasitiri kukosha: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, ari hwokugadzira uye ane chisingafadzi kwakanaka, nokuti rine nhamba nouipi (NH3, H2S, PH3, etc.). Kunyange zvazvo mune yakaisvonaka chimiro, ndiko Hauoneki gasi ine maitiro zvakanaka nani simba, uye zviri zvikuru soluble mumvura. Zvakakosha kuwana karusiyamu cyanamide (a mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa cyanide yeimwe kana aishanda ari fetiraiza) carbide kuburikidza zvokuverengera pamwe senitrogen panguva zvakaitwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

Last CaC2 zvinowanzoshandiswa carbide mwenje, waimira seinokonzera acetylene womoto. Pari kushandiswa yakadaro chiedza bhuku iri shoma kunyanya potholing, uyewo rinoshandiswa mune buoys uye lighthouses. Dzimwe nzvimbo zvinokosha chikumbiro CaC2 - vari nemakemikari ano, apo ndiro mbishi zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, mune pagadzirwe mishonga, kazhinji vavo zviri chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha. Also yakawanikwa kubva karusiyamu carbide acetylene dema, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, styrene. The hwendarira inoshandiswa deoxidization uye desulfurization simbi (rutapudzo reokisijeni nesarufa, ukuwo). Karusiyamu carbide rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi nomuti kukura regulator, mumwe carbide upfu reagent (acetylene nomoto).

Kugadzirira mumwe tani CaC2 inoda vanenge 3 zviuru KW / h dzemagetsi. Saka, zviri anoruramiswa pamberi yakaderera mitengo nokuti. Yose zvayo, Zvisinei, kugadzirwa nyika calcium carbide riri kukura. Kana ari 70s iri rapfuura remakore, pagore zvibereko kumusoro mamiriyoni 5 matani kuti, muzana remakore wedu, nhamba yakawedzera inenge hafu. Somuenzaniso, muna China, kugadzirwa acetylene kwakavakirwa karusiyamu carbide Nde tsime mbishi zvokuvakisa makemikari maindasitiri, kunyanya nokuda kugadzirwa polyvinyl chloride. Kugadzirwa acetylene kubva ayo mbishi zvinhu mari kupfuura kushandisa kupinza mafuta. Naizvozvo, kugadzirwa kwayo muna China riri kukura. Muna 2005, yakasvika mamiriyoni 8,94 matani, uye paiva mukana chaiye kugadzira matani mamiriyoni 17.

Kusiyana China, United States, Europe uye Japan carbonaceous karusiyamu yaunodya kazhinji kunoderedza. The pamwero okuwana yaro muna US ari 90s vakasvika zviuru chete 236 matani pagore. In nyika yedu, kuti karusiyamu carbide ikabereka maererano ari nokurondedzerwa kusimuka ISO 1460-81. Its chikuru vatengi - ndiye Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania neSlovakia. Nokuda yakakwirira nesimba kudyiwa chigadzirwa maererano kuwedzera mutengo magetsi kudyiwa karusiyamu acetylide kuRussia uye kwekurasira nyika ikaurawa nehafu.