Protein quaternary mamiriro: STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye mashandiro

A yakakurumbira muzivi kamwe akati, "Upenyu - inzira kuvapo mapuroteni miviri." Uye akanga zvachose zvakarurama, nokuti ndiro makemikari nyaya ndiyo hwaro zvipenyu vakawanda. Protein quaternary mamiriro ndiyo yakaoma marongerwo uye nemamwe zvivako. Iye achava yakatsaurirwa nyaya yedu. Uyewo, funga mamiriro mapuroteni mamorekuru.

What organics

A guru boka Organic zvinhu vakabatanidzwa mumwe zvakafanana pfuma. Zvinosanganisira anoverengeka zvine maatomu akafanana. Dzinonzi organogenic. Ko rehydrogen, okisijeni, carbon uye senitrogen. Kureva, vanoumba Organic zvinhu.

Mumwe ravaigona unhu ndechokuti vari biopolymers zvose. Ava macromolecules guru. Zvinosanganisira vazhinji yokungodzokorora dzakabatana anonzi monomers. Nokuti carbohydrate ndiye monosaccharide nokuti lipid - glycerol uye mafuta acids. Asi DNA uye RNA ine nucleotides.

Chemical maumbirwo mapuroteni

Monomers mapuroteni - vari amino acids, chimwe nechimwe chine makemikari mamiriro. The Hwaro monomer uyu kabhoni atomu, anoumba zvisungo mana. Chokutanga izvi - kune rehydrogen atomu. A wechipiri nowechitatu, ukuwo, akaumbwa amino uye karboksogruppoy. Havana kuona kwete chete nemamiriro biopolymer mamorekuru, asiwo avo ehupfumi. Wokupedzisira boka iri morekuru amino asidhi inonzi kukuru. Ndiro boka kwemaatomu, nokuti iyo monomers zvakasiyana nemumwe, izvo chinoita guru siyana mapuroteni uye zvipenyu.

Sechivako puroteni Morekuru

Imwe hunhu izvi Organic yeimwe kuti vanogona kuvapo panguva yakasiyana kwevari sangano. Iri chikuru, chesekondari, tertiary uye quaternary nemamiriro puroteni. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvimwe zvivako uye unhu.

Primary maumbirwo

mapuroteni Chimiro chiri nyore kwazvo mamiriro. Zviri ngetani amino acids, ayo zvakabatanidzwa nokuda peptide zvisungo. Vari akaumba pakati amino uye karboksogruppami vakavakidzana mamorekuru.

mamiriro yechipiri

Kana amino iine acid cheni iri wakamonyaniswa kuva akamonyoroka, akaumba chivakwa yechipiri pakati puroteni. Kutaurirana Morekuru inonzi sehydrogen, uye wawo zvinhu kwemaatomu zvakafanana dzichipfekeka mumapoka amino. Zvichienzaniswa peptide, vane ndoda simba, asi unogona varambe maumbirwo ichi.

tertiary mamiriro

Asi anotevera Chimiro - iri bhora, iri kusarurama zononoka kuti amino acids. It Anonziwo globule. Heyo kuburikidza kwokubatana yomuka pakati residues vamwe chete amino acids - cysteine. Dzinonzi disulfide. mamiriro iyi inotsigira hydrophobic uye electrostatic zvisungo. Chokutanga pamusana kukwezvana pakati amino acids nenzira aqueous svikiro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, avo hydrophobic residues kushanda "kunamatira pamwe chete" kuti vaumbe globule. Uyezve, amino asidhi radicals vane mhosva rinopikisa vari vakwezvane. Somugumisiro, pane mamwe electrostatic kubatana.

Protein quaternary mamiriro

The quaternary nemamiriro puroteni zvakaoma chaizvo. Ndiyo mugumisiro kwemapazi globules anoverengeka. Vanogona siyana, uye makemikari anoumba uye maitiro spatial sangano. Kana puroteni quaternary mamiriro aumbwa chete amino asidhi residues, zviri nyore. biopolymers ava inonzi mapurotini. Asi kana mamorekuru dzakabatanidzwa izvi asiri mapuroteni zvinoriumba kuitika proteid. Kazhinji ichi amino remubatanidzwa pamwe carbohydrate, nucleic asidhi residues uye phosphorus, lipids, nomumwe maatomu zvesimbi nemhangura. Zvakasikwa zviri anozivikanwa mapuroteni zvivako pamwe dzinongoitika coloring zvinhu - pigments. mamiriro ichi mapuroteni mamorekuru zvikuru kunzwisisa.

Spatial chimiro quaternary mapuroteni chivako hakuna mubvunzo kuti ehupfumi ayo. Masayendisiti akawana kuti filamentous kana fibrillar biopolymers regai mudutu mvura. Vanoshumira anokosha mashandiro mupenyu muviri. Saka, tsandanyama mapuroteni actin uye myosin zvinopa sangano, uye ndiyo hwaro puroteni bvudzi vanhu nemhuka. Idenderedzwa kana globular mapuroteni quaternary marongerwo zviri chaizvo soluble mumvura. basa ravo zvakasikwa yakasiyana. Kwakadaro zvinhu vanokwanisa kutakura magasi, akadai Chizenga, nokumunamatira chikafu sezvo pepsin, kana kuita rwokudzivirira basa, sezvinoita antibodies.

mapuroteni ehupfumi

Protein quaternary mamiriro, kunyanya globular, angachinja mamiriro ayo. Izvi zvinoitika pasi pokudzora siyana zvinokonzera. Kakawanda dzakakwirira tembiricha, simba acids kana inorema simbi.

Kana puroteni Morekuru unwinds kuti amino iine acid cheni, imwe pfuma yakadaro inonzi denaturation. Izvi ndizvo reversible. mamiriro Izvi zvinogona kuumba globules mamorekuru zvakare. Izvi Ivan Kuchin muitiro inonzi renaturation. Kana amino asidhi mamorekuru kubva mumwe uye kutyora peptide pazvisungo, pane kuparadza. Izvi ndizvo kusingarapiki. mapuroteni Izvi hazvigoni akapora. Kuparadzwa nokuda mumwe nomumwe wedu ave mazai zvakakangwa.

Saka quaternary nemamiriro puroteni - kubatana mhando, riri kuumbwa mune Morekuru. Ndiye simba zvakakwana, asi pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvinhu anogona akawisa.