Famous yefizikisi. Famous zvenyukireya yefizikisi

Kudzidza mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa murume akanga kuroora anoverengeka zvemakore apfuura. Kushaya zvakakodzera midziyo, chitendero udzvinyiriri, wekuenda zvakaoma dzidzo vanhu pasina chinokosha Hurumende - izvi zvose vasingagoni kumisa kufambira mberi pfungwa yesayenzi. Famous yefizikisi pasi pose vakakwanisa kudzidza nekufambisa mashoko pamusoro madaro marefu, kuwana magetsi, uye zvikuru, zvakawanda. Ndezvipi mazita chinokosha nokuda nyaya? We nyora mamwe inozvikudza unyanzvi.

Albert Einstein

musayendisiti The ramangwana akaberekwa muna March 1879 muguta Ulm, muGermany. Albert Madzitateguru aigara Swabia, mazana mashomanana emakore, uye iye amene kusvikira wokupedzisira mashomanana akachengeta kuyeuka nhaka yavo - vakati aine kubatwa zasi German madudziro emazwi. Akadzidza pachikoro acho uye tobva chesekondari, apo kubva pakutanga vaifarira sayenzi zvepanyama uye sayenzi. By makore 16 akanga Inoziva zvose Chaingodiwa kubvuma kuti kuyunivhesiti, asi haana kukunda bvunzo mumutauro. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokukurumidza akava mudzidzi Polytechnic University mu Zurich. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva yefizikisi inozivikanwa uye mathematicians nguva, somuenzaniso, Hermann Minkowski, uyo mune ramangwana achauya pamwe chete akakwana payakavakirwa nokuti kuratidza dzidziso relativity. Vazhinji nguva, Einstein akapedzerwa yezvirwere, kana kuverenga mabasa Maxwell, Kirchhoff uye dzimwe nyanzvi vaitungamirira mumunda. Pashure pokudzidza zvimwe nguva Albert aiva mudzidzisi, uye akazova waishandiswa nyanzvi bvumidzwa hofisi mumakore umo akabudisa vazhinji mabasa ake yakakurumbira, mukudzei kunyika. Akashandura nzira vanhu vaifungei nzvimbo yaiva nzira kuti anochinja guru muchimiro simba, uye zvikuru kudzidza samolecular wefizikisi. nokukurumidza kubudirira ake akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize, uye musayendisiti akatamira US, kwaaishanda kusvikira parufu rwake.

Nikola Tesla

muvambi iri hweAustria-Hungary, zvichida yakakurumbira yefizikisi munyika. Eccentric hunhu uye echimurenga Zvakawanikwa iye rakakurumbira uye akafuridzira vanyori vakawanda uye vaburitsi kuti kushandisa mufananidzo wake basa rake. Akanga akaberekerwa July 1856, uye kubvira pazera duku, uyewo mamwe akawanda anozivikanwa wefizikisi, akatanga kuratidza tsika kuchireva sayenzi. Kwemakore, akaona kuti Chiitiko kuti rakatumbuka ano fluorescent chiedza, uye kuchinjwa simba pasina waya, yava akakudziridza kure kuzvidzora uye nzira kurapa kuvhunduka, akaita dzemagetsi nenguva yeko, zuva injini, uye vazhinji nevamwe nemamwe mano, izvo akagamuchira patents vanopfuura mazana matatu. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti redhiyo yakanga yagadzirwa kuzivikanwa wefizikisi Popov uye Marconi, asi chokutanga achiri Tesla. Modern simba yemagetsi kunobva vachingoshandisa ake pachake kuita uye zvakawanikwa. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa kuedza pakati Nikola aiva kuchinjwa mamiriro mashanu makiromita. Akakwanisa kuchiedza vaviri chiedza zana Mabumba pasina waya, kuvaka shongwe huru umo nendege mheni uye kutinhira akanzwika zvose pamusoro pedu. Zvinoshamisa uye ngozi asingashumbi akava vanozivikanwa. Sezvineiwo, firimu iri kazhinji achiratidza ichi kunyanya chiitiko.

Isaka Nyuton

Vazhinji anozivikanwa yefizikisi vakaita mupiro chinokosha, asi Newton aive mhando piyona. mitemo yake ndivo hwaro pfungwa dzakawanda dzemazuva ano, uye panguva yawanika aiva echimurenga zvechokwadi kukura. Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo yaiva yakakurumbira wokuEngland muna 1643. Kubva pauduku aifarira wefizikisi uye kwemakore vakanyora mabasa zvakanaka masvomhu, zvenyeredzi uye optics. Akatanga vakakwanisa kuzoumba mitemo inokosha zvakasikwa yaakadzika zvikuru dzinoitwa mabasa. Ndosaka Isaka Nyuton akanga vakabvuma kuti Royal Society of London, uye chave imwe nguva, uye mutungamiri wayo.

Lev Landau

Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda kuzivikanwa yefizikisi, Landau kunoratidzwa pachayo iri yokungotaura bhora zvakajeka zvikuru. musayendisiti kunozivikanwa Soviet akaberekwa muna January 1908, mumhuri injiniya uye chiremba. Iye sowakajeka chesekondari uye akanyoresa Baku yunivhesiti, apo akatanga kudzidza wefizikisi uye kemisitiri. Kwemakore gumi namapfumbamwe akanga atova rakabudiswa mana tsvakurudzo mapepa. Brilliant basa rave vakazvipira kuti kudzidza quantum inoti uye arambe achirema matrices, uye electrodynamics. Landau kubudirira vave paakavapa Nobel Prize, mukuwedzera, musayendisiti Soviet vakagamuchira akawanda Stalin Prize, Hero pamusoro Socialist Labor, aiva honorary nhengo Royal Society of London uye vanoverengeka dzimwe zvikoro of Sciences. Iye collaborated pamwe Heisenberg, Pauli uye Bohr. Last kukanganiswa Landau kwakasimba zvikuru - pfungwa dzake akazviratidza dzidziso iri rinobva ehupfumi rusununguko maerekitironi.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Wanyora, izvo zvaizosanganisira yakakurumbira yefizikisi zvenyika, tisingatauri zita. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell aiva musayendisiti British dziridza dzenhoroondo electrodynamics. Akanga akaberekerwa June 1831, uye kare kubudikidza 1860 ndipo vakava nhengo Royal Society. Maxwell paakasika nyika yokutanga wefizikisi rabhoritari pamwe nenyanzvi michina. Ikoko akadzidza yemagetsi, ari kinetic dzidziso magasi, optics, elasticity nedzimwe. Iye mumwe wokutanga akakwanisa kusika zano nokuda quantitative nokuyerwa ruvara, gare gare unonzi Maxwell disk. In dzidziso yake, paainyora ose anozivikanwa chokwadi electrodynamics uye akazivisa pfungwa misha ano, iyo zvinowanisa munhu remagineti. Maxwell akaratidza zvose mitemo iri equations mana. Ongororo yavo rinobvumira kuratidzira mitemo, dzakanga wamboonekwa.

Igor Kurchatov

yefizikisi of Soviet Union A chinozivikanwa yenyukireya kunofanira taura. Igor Kurchatov dzabudapo kuCrimea, ipapo sekondari uye kuyunivhesiti. Kubva 1924 akatanga kushanda se mubatsiri ari weDhipatimendi Physics pakati Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, uye papera gore akanga afufurwa muna Leningrad. Vakabudirira ongororo dielectrics akanga paakavapa ari zvedzidzo mwero chiremba. Under utungamiriri hwake, kare muna 1939 aigona kupinzwa cyclotron kushanda. Igor Kurchatov akatungamirira basa iri zvenyukireya siyana uye akatungamirira Soviet mabhomba chirongwa. wokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa yakavhurwa pasi pake. Kurchatov akasika wokutanga Soviet mabhomba uye rehydrogen mabhomba. Nokuti kuita ayo akagamuchira dzakawanda ehurumende mibayiro uye Medals.