Natural sainzi - ndiko ... Panyama Geography. Kemisitiri Physics

Science - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nzvimbo nemabasa evanhu panguva ino padariro kukura nyika budiriro. Nhasi, kune mazana akasiyana anoranga: zvekushandisa, magariro, dzavanhu uye sayenzi zvakasikwa. Chii vanodzidza? Sei kukudziridza yepanyama nhoroondo munhoroondo chinoumba?

Natural sainzi - iyi ...

Chii nesayenzi? Kana akaberekwa, uye kubva izvo mirayiridzo iri?

Natural sainzi - kurangwa kuti vanodzidza zvakasikwa uye mananara zvinoonekera kwokunze kuti kutsvakurudza nyaya (munhu). Shoko rokuti "sayenzi" mumutauro wokuRussia rinobva pashoko "hunhu", kureva, nowekuti shoko "zvisikwa".

Hwaro sayenzi zvepanyama anogona kunzi sezvo masvomhu uye uzivi. Izvi, uye makuru, akauya sayenzi ose ano dzinongoitika. Pakutanga, zvakasikwa vakaedza kupindura mibvunzo yose pamusoro pezvakaita dzayo dzose kuratidzwa. Zvadaro, sezvo kunzwisisa pakutsvakurudza pasi, sayenzi kutanga kuputsa akakwira vakaparadzana anoranga zvakawanda vakasiyana kuti pakupedzisira Stavan.

Munguva rwokuzvarwa sayenzi yemazuva ano - kunzwisisa zviri anoranga zvakasikwa yesayenzi, nezvakashata zvavo pedyo ukama.

Nhoroondo sayenzi zvakasikwa

Kukura sayenzi yepanyama yakanga zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, kufarira munhu ari mananara zvakasikwa kwakaratidzwa kare.

Natural Uzivi (chokwadi, science) ave achishingaira yakatanga muGirisi yekare. nevafungi Ancient, vachishandisa chinyakare nzira yokutsvakurudza, dzimwe nguva, kunzwisisa, kuita vanoverengeka zvinowanikwa nesayenzi uye zvekungofungira zvinokosha. Kunyange ipapo, vazivi dzinongoitika vaiva nechokwadi kuti nyika inotenderera zuva, aigona kutsanangura gwenya uye womudenga kuora kwemwedzi, zvakarurama kwazvo uyere parameters wedu nyika.

KuMiddle Ages kukura rwokuzvarwa sayenzi seiyi zvakati uye vari zvikuru novimba chechi. Masayendisiti akawanda panguva vaitambudzwa anonzi vamwe zvitendero. All kuongorora kwesayenzi uye kuferefeta, chaizvoizvo, akaburukira dudziro uye zvikapa kururamisirwa magwaro. Zvisinei, munguva kuMiddle Ages zvikuru pfungwa uye dzidziso yakatanga. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva ino pakati rwokuzvarwa uzivi (zvakananga kudzidza zvakasikwa) inoona nezvenjodzi zvakachinja kurutivi Arab-Muslim nharaunda.

MuEurope, kukurumidza kukura rwokuzvarwa sayenzi rinotanga (Tinoenderera mberi) chete XVII-XVIII emakore. Iyi ndiyo nguva huru dzinotambudza kuunganidza ruzivo ndeechokwadi uye empirical Data (migumisiro "munda" kuti pakuongorora uye kuedza). remakore rechi18 sayenzi uyewo kwakavakirwa tsvakurudzo yavo migumisiro vakawanda tsaukana nzendo, kushambira, kudzidza ichangobva kuwanikwa munyika. Muzana XIX remakore, kamwe zvakare anouya kuoneke pfungwa uye yokungotaura mafungiro. Panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti kushingaira kubata zvose aunganidzwa maidi, okuchembera siyana dzidziso mukuronga mitemo.

The zvakasikwa dzepamusorosoro munhoroondo sayenzi kunofanira kusanganisira Thales, Eratosthenes, Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, Klavdiya Ptolemeya, Archimedes, Isaaka Nyutona, Galileo Galilei, Rene Dekarta, Blaise Pascal, Nicola Tesla, Mikhail Lomonosov nemamwe masayendisiti akawanda akakurumbira.

Dambudziko rwokuzvarwa sayenzi kupatsanura

To sayenzi inokosha dzinongoitika vari: Mathematics (rinova inowanzotaurwa nezvayo se "mambokadzi sayenzi"), kemisitiri, wefizikisi, zvipenyu. Chinetso kupatsanura sciences zvakasikwa, pane kare kunetseka mupfungwa vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vasayendisiti uye theorists.

Zvakanyanyokosha kutsungirira dambudziko iri Friedrich Shona - muzivi wokuGermany uye musayendisiti, uyo nani kuzivikanwa somunhu shamwari yepedyo Karla Marksa wake co-munyori akakurumbira basa rakanzi "Capital". Akakwanisa kuziva zvinotaurwa huru mbiri (nzira) ari typology pamusoro anoranga yesayenzi: nechinangwa yokutaura, uyewo nheyo pakukura.

The kupfuura zvakawanda kupatsanura sciences zvakabayirwa reSoviet methodologist Bonifatii weKidhironi. It haana kurasa kushanda kwayo nhasi.

List of Natural Sciences

Yose kunzwisisa kuti anoranga yesayenzi inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvikuru zvitatu:

• sayenzi yevanhu (kana mumagariro);
• ouinjiniya;
• dzinongoitika.

Exploring hunhu kare. A pamazita sayenzi zvepanyama kwakakwana uri pazasi:

• asitironomi;
• panyama jogirafi;
• bhayoroji;
• mushonga;
• zvemaumbirwo;
• ivhu sainzi;
• Physics;
• sayenzi zvakasikwa;
• kemesitiri;
• bhotani;
• zvidzidzo zvemhuka;
• zvepfungwa.

Kana masvomhu, masayendisiti hakuna tabvumirana iro boka anoranga yesayenzi inofanira kubatwa. Vamwe vanoona dzinongoitika sayenzi, vamwe - yakarurama. Vamwe nzira zvinoshanda masvomhu mune boka sayenzi pamutemo (kana zvisiri) inonzi.

kemesitiri

Chemistry - imvura munda rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi, chikuru chinhu kudzidza fuma, ayo zvivako uye mamiriro. sainzi chino muviri wechisikigo zvinhu pamusoro mabhomba uye samolecular chechetere. uyewo Inoongorora makemikari chokuedza nezviito kunobva kukurukurirana dzakasiyana STRUCTURAL PARTICIPLE zvinhu.

Nokuti nguva yokutanga dzidziso kuti mitumbi zvose zvakasikwa zviri anoumbwa zviduku (kwete kuonekwa kune munhu) okunze, vakasundidzira muzivi wechiGiriki Democritus. Zvinofungirwa kuti fuma nomumwe unotora kwazvo nezvimedu, sezvo mashoko ine tsamba siyana.

Modern kemesitiri - a sainzi yakaoma, izvo zvinosanganisira wandei dhazeni anoranga. Izvi inorganic uye makemikari kemisitiri, nemakemikari omuviri, geochemistry, kunyange nzvimbo kemisitiri.

Physics

Physics - imwe sayenzi mukuru munyika. Zarura mitemo yayo ndiwo hwaro, hwaro zvose zvakasikwa nesayenzi anoranga hurongwa.

Kokutanga rokuti "wefizikisi" akashandisa Aristotle. Mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kwava mungashandisa uzivi. The rakazvimirira Physics sayenzi kutanga kutsausa chete XVI remakore.

Nhasi, pasi wefizikisi kunzwisisa nesayenzi kuti kudzidza nyaya, nechivako kwayo uye kufamba, uyewo mitemo mukuru zvakasikwa. In kwayo mamiriro akataura anoverengeka huru zvikamu. Izvi chekare Vanamakanika, wethermodynamics, quantum wefizikisi, relativity, uye nevamwe.

physiography

Musiyano pakati sayenzi dzinongoitika uye unhu akashinga mutsetse uri "muviri" ari kamwe yakabatana jogirafi, unogovera yoga chirango chacho. Saka, zvinhu jogirafi (vakasiyana kwenzanga) rakanga pachipfuva sayenzi yepanyama.

sainzi ichi inodzidza goko Nzvimbo Dzenyika seboka, uyewo vamwe dzinongoitika zvinoriumba uye hurongwa zvaisanganisira wayo sezvamunoita. Modern chaiko jogirafi inoumbwa dzakatevedzana kutsvakurudza indasitiri. Pakati pavo:

• nzvimbo zvidzidzo;
• geomorphology;
• mamiriro okunze;
• hydrology;
• oceanography;
• ivhu sainzi, uye vamwe.

Science uye nevanhu: kubatana uye kusiyana

Humanities sayenzi, dzinongoitika - sokunge vari kure nakure, zvingaita sezvinoshamisa?

Chokwadi, anoranga aya akasiyana mune nyaya kuongorora. The dzinongoitika sayenzi yokudzidza hunhu, ruyamuro - vaizoisa pfungwa dzavo pamusoro munhu uye nzanga. Humanities haagoni kukwikwidzana zvepanyama chaizvo, havagoni kuti mathematically kuratidza dzidziso dzavo uye kusimbisa pfungwa.

Ukuwo, zvidzidzo izvi zvine chokuita, zvakanyatsobatana nomumwe. Zvikurukuru akapoteredza XXI remakore. Saka, masvomhu kare midzi mabhuku uye mumhanzi, wefizikisi uye kemisitiri - mune, zvepfungwa - munzanga jogirafi uye zvoupfumi uye zvichingodaro. Uyezve, zvave vagara pachena kuti zvinokosha zvakawanwa dzakawanda dzinoitwa panguva panosangana anoranga kwesayenzi akawanda izvo, pakutanga aitarire, vane zvachose zvakafanana.

In mhedziso ...

Natural sainzi - davi sayenzi kuti vanodzidza zvakasikwa, pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. anoranga aya pane dzakawanda: zviri kemisitiri uye wefizikisi, masvomhu, zvipenyu, jogirafi uye zvenyeredzi.

sayenzi Natural, pasinei zhinji kusiyana nyaya uye nzira tsvakurudzo, iyo hunonyatsobatana sayenzi magariro uye nevanhu. Kunyanya simba ukama ichi kunoratidzwa muna XXI remakore, apo vose sayenzi wekuita uye intertwine.