Aristotle Ontology: rondedzero, musimboti uye kukosha. Ontology uye Aristotelian pfungwa

Uzivi ndiwo mugumisiro zivo empirical uye kubatana kuti uende mberi pavo, kureva. E. Episteme. Saka Aristotle akapikisa. Ontology, raakanga pasi nokuda pachena hurukuro, awana mukurumbira dzakawanda uye akakwanisa kukudza zita rake muzvizvarwa. Iye - mubereki pfungwa, muvambi hunyambiri, yakanakisisa mudzidzi uye anotyisa anokumhan'arira dzaPlato.

ontology

Ontology - davi wouzivi sainzi, iyo inorondedzera zvinotaurwa nucleation ari mamiriro ayo, budiriro maitiro uye Misiyano wokupedzisira wehurumende. Inogona dzakachinja maererano zvinodiwa zera uye padanho ruzivo kwevanhu, uyewo pasi pokudzora nezvikoro kufunga. Ndokusaka gadziriro nerimwe uzivi ine ontology rayo, rakasiyana nevamwe, uye anochinja pamwe kukura ino.

Oga, paiva ontology naAristotle. Chaizvoizvo Its, mutengo mukuziva gadziriro ndechokuti munyori akatanga vashoma yakazaruka kuti kukurukurwa nyaya dzakadai;

1. kuva ikoko?

2. Chii pfungwa naMwari, uye kana ariko?

3. Ndokupi kutendeuka nyaya iri chimiro mutsetse?

Kuti Aristotle vakaparadzana chete sayenzi kubva philosophy, uye yava yakapatsanurwa pacharo muzvikamu zviviri. Mune wokutanga, vanonzi metaphysics, akanzwisisa isina mhinduro, mibvunzo husingaoneki, ane chinangwa chaiva kunzwisisa zvinoreva kuvapo kwevanhu. Wechipiri raiva chaizvo chaizvo kufunga pamusoro murume kwenyika uye yezvakaita mudziyo, mitemo nzanga uye kushumira sezvo imwe nhumbi cognition.

Form uye Basa

Kuva chinangwa nyika inogona kunzwisiswa uye vakaongorora kuburikidza pfungwa - a dzidziso Arayirwa Aristotle. Ontology uzivi vake vakaitirana nharo kuti kuvapo kubatana chimiro uye basa, uye "nyaya" - uyu mukana muchimiro musimboti, munhu "chimiro" - ichi chinoitwa, chokwadi nyaya. Chinhu ndiyo pachake chimiro uye basa, zvisinei, uye anogona kuchinja, kutamira kune mukana mumwe. Asi pakupedzisira ndipo panouya mukunopera tishandurwe. Uye zvichida kuti ndiyo nyaya yacho, iri actualized mune fomu zvakakwana.

Zvikonzero kuchinja

Ontology uye epistemology naAristotle kunoratidza zvikonzero mana variability kwenyika;

1. Formal chikonzero zvakakodzera kuti kugutsa kutendeuka urongwa.
2. Material, kureva basa substrate.
3. Action - simba Anochinja substrate.
4. Final chikonzero - tuso kuchinja vakatsvaka nokuda chinhu.

Kana totaura kwete pamusoro penyaya yacho kana chinhu, asi pamusoro nyika zvayo, Aristotle, vane ontology hazvitadzise kuvapo pamusoro chete nyaya, asi mamwe marudzi nyika, kwete nyore kunzwisisa kwedu, anoti kuti nyika iri kugara zvitange. Kufunga kuti pakupedzisira zvichava kurega, hadzingagoni nekuti unofanira kuita zvimwe nemishonga. Uye ipapo vanogona sei kuva chiito kubva kunze, kana sangano munyika yamira? Pane chikuru unomutsa, chisingaoneki Rinokurudzira kuti kunovimbisa nyika yedu kuramba kufamba. Aristotle akakurukura. Philosophy, rinosanganisira kuva ontology kubvuma kuti pane ndikatema inofamba muchina, rinosimbisa kuti chisingaoneki, uye naizvozvo - iri incorporeal. Chaiyoiyo chimiro simba pasina fomu - ndiye pfungwa (kana akachena chikonzero). Saka, chikonzero ndechokuti kuvapo zvikuru kunzwisisa ichi.

epistemology

Chikamu ichi uzivi rezvematambudziko ruzivo torii, kutsoropodzwa dzavo, budiriro uye uchapupu. Zviri ichi chirango kunzwisisa, anogona kushandisa ruzivo kwouzivi munyika chaiyo, kana kuramba chete mhedziso. Source zivo, sezvo muchiziva - zviri chiitiko. Kunyanya zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunoitwa mutsvakurudzi pachangu. dambudziko cognition rakanga pedyo nguva uzivi uye kwete kusiya parutivi, Aristotle, chaisanganisira ontology uye kunzwisisa muitiro yokuwana zivo, yakatanga dzidziso yake.

Dzidziso ruzivo

Pokutangira kwakasarudzwa kutora chokwadi kuti, kuwedzera nyaya muongorori, hakuchina novimba ukoshi zvaanoda. Anoti zivo kupa pfungwa, ndivo yakaenzana avo kuti tinowana kubudikidza inference. Uye kuti, pamwe pakudzidza wevakadzidza zvinoriumba chero chinhu isu panguva kuziva uye wake unhu. Ndizvo zvose ichi kubva empirical uchapupu uye zviine musoro kufunga kuti tikwanise kunzwisisa kuzara chokwadi.

chokwadi

Kutsunga wokutanga uye chechipiri musimboti yacho uyewo anotakura ontology naAristotle. Chaizvoizvo waro: kukosha munhu akazvimiririra zvinhu zviri nedanho cognition. The yokutanga sangano - ndizvo nyaya anodzidza pamusoro penyaya dziri nedanho kutsinga dzinouya maonero, uye wechipiri - rinobva nayo. The sangano yechipiri hazviratidzi zvose nuances zvemunhu kuvapo, uye mamwe marudzi kana genera unhu.

mudzidzisi

Anthology rinoti dzaPlato naAristotle anoidza zvikuru pfungwa murume uye mamiriro. Uye kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo ivo wekuita kunyanya pfungwa dzavo vanopikisa mumwe. Maererano Plato pfungwa, munhu ndoupi pakarepo kuti mumuviri uye nyikadzimu kuvapo. Uye kana mumuviri chinoumba zvose zviri pachena, kuti mweya unogona kutora zvakasiyana configurations. On hwaro ichi, govera Mhando vanhu vari kuita basa rakaoma, okugadzira zvinhu, kuchengetedza kurongeka, kudzora vamwe vanhu uye zvichingodaro. D. In akakodzera mamiriro vose panzvimbo, uye anotonga idyl.

Aristotle ane maonero akasiyana, kunyange dzidziso yake zvakare utopian. Maererano naye, akakodzera mamiriro - mumwe umo pfuma yose inokamukana zvakafanana pakati vanhu, uye vanoshandisa nayo zvakanyanya, saka hapana kupesana, zvose kurarama maererano mumwe.

Pasinei zvakasiyana, mibvunzo chokuita varanda, kwaita ehurumende uye ayo misimboti utariri, inokurukurwa nevanhu pundits anenge zvakafanana.