Automatic MP-40: tsanangudzo

Mumafirimu pamusoro peGreat Patriotic War, dzakawanda zvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo uye zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvinowanzobvumirwa, uye izvi hazvizivikanwi kwete zvemafirimu emazuva ano chete, asiwo emabasa akafuridzirwa munguva dze USSR. Uye mishonga MP-40 inofanira kunge inonzi inonzi "kinolapami" inotyisa.

Mumafirimu, maNazi anofara achifambisa, achibatisisa pfuti yema submachine yakanamatira kubva mumuchiuno ... Anenge mitezo yose yakatarwa inowanikwa muhurukuro yeWWII ine MP-40 toy automaton . Uye vashomanana vanoyeuka kuti kuwedzera kwemauto eGermany ane chimbo ichi chakanga chisina simba, sezvo vafambisi vainge vaine zvombo zveMauser. Nemhaka yeizvi, vafambisi veHitler havana kushora iyo yakatorwa PPSh nePPS, yakashandurwa ku cartridge 9-mm parabellum cartridge.

Hugo kana kwete Hugo?

Kazhinji kacho chimbo chinonzi "Schmeisser". Iko-MP-40 inotsvaga, pane kudaro, "Volmer", sezvo Hugo Schmeisser pachake asina chokuita nezvose zvaakasika. Zvakanaka, kunze kwokukwereta kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvake kugadzirwa kwechitoro. Uyu mupfuri anozivikanwa akagadzira MP-18, MP-28 uye, pashure, MP-41. Nenzira iyo, miviri miviri yekutanga yakanga isina kushandiswa nemauto eGermany panguva iyoyo. Vatungamiri (kufanana nevamwe vavo veSoviet, nenzira) vakafunga zvigadzirwa zvemashure e "toy", izvo zvingashandiswa chete nemapurisa.

Asi kuuya kwesimba raHitler, uyo, achipesana nechitendero chakakurumbira, akanga asingambovi mumiriri, akabvumira vashandi vehuni kuti vadzoke kuzere. Kare muna 1938 vakagamuchira hurongwa hwehurumende hwekugadzirwa kwepfuti, iyo inogona kuve yakashonga nemauto, motokari dzinoshandiswa, zvombo zvevarwi, vanachiremba nevamwe vanhu avo vaisada bhasiri rakazara kana carbine. Pakuguma, urongwa hwacho hwaenda kuna Erma.

Dzekugadzirwa kwekare uye zvitsva

Izvi hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika, sezvo vanjiniya vekambani vakange vatova nemugove muhumiro yeErma 36 submachine gun yavakanga vasika.Heinrich Vollmer ndiye akanyanya kugadzira zvombo izvi. Iyo yakaisvonaka inyanzvi ndeyo kushandiswa kwechando kudonhedzera kubva pamapiritsi akaiswa. Panguva iyoyo, hapana mumwe akazviita.

Yakanga iri pamusana pe "Erma" kuti yakasika MP-38, iyo iyo MP-40 makakura zvakare yakakura. Tsanangudzo yehuni yakanga isiri, iyo yakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirwa, zvokudya zvakabudiswa kubva mune imwe nzvimbo yebazi inoshandiswa kuti iwane makumi matatu nemasereji. Nokukurumidza zvakava pachena kuti nzira inopfuurira yokupora inobvumira kuwana ruzivo rwekusava nehupamhi hwepamusoro, saka saka vaiti vekugadzirisa vaifanira kudzokera kunzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzinodhura.

Nenzira, maGermany aisagona kuunza teknolojia yekutonhora kunopera kusvika pakukwanisa hondo yose. Pakutanga vakanga vasina chinhu ichi chakaoma, uye mushure mezvo pakange pasina nguva uye zvisizvo zvakasara. Akaedza kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu Hugo Schmeisser: muchina MP-40, unyanzvi hwezvakashandurwa zvatinozvitsanangura, akatora sechikonzero, achigadzira MP-41 yake. Asi yakanga yatotanga.

Kuuya kwaM MR-40

Zvose izvi zvakaderedza mukana wekugadzirwa zvakanyanya zvokuti pakutanga kweWWII kwaiva nechepasi pezviuru zvipfumbamwe zvezvikamu zvitanhatu zvezvikamu zviduku zvemauto muNaresi yeNazi. Nokuda kweizvi pakati pe1940, kambani yakagamuchira urongwa hwekuvandudza zvombo, izvo zvaizoita kuti iwedzere maitiro ayo kugamuchirwa. Vollmer akatarisana nebasa racho. Chokutanga, teknolojia yekutonhorera kwechando yeaigamuchira yakanga ichiri kushandiswa uye zvinyorwa zvekushaikwa kwechiumuminiyumu zvakatsiviwa nesimbi.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mhuka yeMP-40 yakaonekwa, iyo yakakurumidza kuiswa mukugadzirwa kwemahombekombe. Zvinoshamisa, asi kunyange munguva dzehondo, MP-40 nemadzitateguru ake, MR-38, akabudiswa. Zvinotendwa kuti pakati pe1940 ne1945, anenge mamiriyoni imwe nehafu akabudiswa (zvichida, kwete mamiriyoni 1.3). Saka munhu anogona kukanganwa pamusoro pekudzivirira kwevanhu vose veGermany vacheche vane chimbo ichi: anenge ane gumi ane zvombo zvaive akazvigadzirira.

Iyo cartridge inowanzoenderana ne 9x19 "Parabellum", iyo nhasi yave yakafanana neyomukati wepisitori uye zvigadziri zvemagetsi pasi pose. Ngationei, iyo inonyanya kugadziriswa zvigadzirisiti muNazi Germany inokonzera makaridheji chaiwo neakawedzera hoard yepfuti uye bhomba iri ine yakanakisisa yakarohwa uye yakarambidzwa. Kuzvishandisa mumapurisa zvakanyanyoodzwa mwoyo, sechikonzero chechimbo chacho chakakurumidza kupera.

Pfungwa yekushanda

Izvo zvakagadzirwa zveGermany PP zvaive zvisiri zvekare, kushanda pamutemo wevhavha yakasununguka. Iyo yekupedzisira yaiva yakakura kwazvo, tsime rine simba raive rakakonzera kufamba kwayo. Sezvo chimbo chacho chakanga chakazivikanwa nevhavha yakakura uye yakasimba yokudzoka kwekudzoka, chiyero chayo chemoto (mitsara mitanhatu nechipiri) uye haina kumire pedyo neyePPSh, iyo yakanga yakakosha chaizvo kuti yakarurama ... yezvibvu zviduku. Mutsara wepamiti yaiva yekusakosha kwe "kuvhara" chinangwa chimwe chete nechechi. Pakupfura vatengesi vakaonekwa kuti chinangwa chavo chaive chakajeka sei pakaparadzana pakati pezviputi.

Yeuka kuti Soviet PPS "inopfira" nekukurumidza kusvika ku11 shots per second, uye PPSh inozivikanwa, iyo mauto akawanda anonzi "Eater of Shpagin's Cartridges" uye akaita moto se "munhu mukuru" pfuti. Chiyero chake chemoto chakasvika 17-18 (!) Shots per second. Saka iyo MP-40 machine, maitiro atinofunga nezvazvo, aive "anonoka-kufamba" mune izvi.

Technical specifications

Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chemichina yemhuri yaMR-38/40 chirevo chakataurwa pasi peti. Akanga ane rutivi rwemhando mbiri: kune rumwe rutivi, akadzikisa "kusvetwa" kwebhari paaifamba. Kune rumwe rutivi, rwakabvumira kunamatira kumakungwa mumatangi uye motokari dzakadzivirirwa, zvichiwedzera kukarurama kwekubhururuka pakufamba.

Iyo inogadzirisa nzira ndiyo inoratidzika, inotyisa. Kungofanana nePPS / PPS, zvinodiwa zvekuita zvishoma kwekugadzirwa kwemhirizhonga zvakamanikidzwa nemaGermany kusiya muturikiri wehurumende dzekupfura, asi pamwero wakadzika wemoto, varwi vakawanda kana vashoma vakadzidziswa vanogona kupisa vasina kuroora (kana kuti maviri kana matatu cartridges). Iyo fuse pazvombo zveGermany yakanga isingabvumirwi. Basa rake raive richiitwa nekuchekwa-mukati, umo mubato wekandiro yebhanti yakanga yakasimudzwa. Hazvishamisi kuti, nzira yakadaro yepakutanga yakangotungamirira kune njodzi. Saka mishonga MP-40, iyo inyanzvi yezvigadzirwa zvatinorondedzera, yakanga isina kunyanya kuoma.

Zvichengeterwa Zvichemo

Ichitoro chikamu, kukwanisa - 32 cartridges. Kuonekwa - zvakananga, kubva pane zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa. Kuzvivhiringidza nezvikamu zvezvikwata zvePPP kana PPSH hazvibviri, sezvo zviri pachena, nepo maPP emishandirapamwe anoshandiswa mifananidzo yakavezwa (zvichienderana nemamiriro e cartrid 7.62x25). Zvichiitika, mabhizimisi anobva kuM MR-40 haana kufadzwa nerudo rwakanyanya rwevana vadiki, sezvo zvaive zvakaoma kuti vazvigadzirire, takafanirwa kushanda kune rubatsiro rwechigadzirwa chakakosha.

Akaiswa mumuromo wakarurama, kunze-we-way-the receiver, akagadziriswa kuburikidza nechokunamatira kwebhokisi. Mukuita, zvakakurumidza kuti mutsipa unofanirwa kudzivirirwa pakusvibiswa nenzira dzose, sezvo zvaive zvakaoma zvikuru kuzvinatsa mumamiriro ekurwa. Hondo dzakasvibirirwa dzevarwi ve Wehrmacht mumazuva iwayo dzakanga dzinenge mazana makumi mana.

Range uye kubudirira kwekufambisa

Iko kuona ndiyo inowanikwa, yakakwirira. Pakupfura, zvaive zvichibvira kushandisa maviri ayo "modes": kusingagumi nekupeta, yakagadzirirwa kupisa pamakiromita 200 mamita kana kupfuura. Asi izvi zvose zvakakosha chete pamapepa.

VaGermany ivo pachavo vakataura kuti haina kubvumira muGermany MP-40 mishonga kuti inopinda mumunhu anofamba ari kure nemamita 100-150, kunze kwekuti moto wakadzingwa kubva pamabhiri akawanda panguva imwe chete. Mukuwedzera, chikwata chikuru chakaderedza kupera kwekutanga kwebhokisi, iyo iri kure nemamita 150-200, takafanirwa kugadzirisa kwehafu yemamita (!) Pamusoro pezvinangwa. Tichifunga kuti muhondo mauto mazhinji akanganwa pamusoro peizvi, mazhinji emakadhiji akapiswa akachengeteka pasina chero kubatsirwa.

Zvimwe zvinetso

Mukuwedzera, dambudziko guru raiva kuchengetedza kwePP mukurwa. Ichokwadi ndechekuti yakanga isina kukurudzirwa kubata doro: kubata kwayo kwaive kwakanyanyisa zvokuti kwakakurumidza kuva kwakajeka. Kazhinji paiva nematambudziko apo "akarohwa nehupenyu" MR-38/40 doro raigona kungoerekana yaitika panguva yehondo. Saka zvakange zvakakodzera kubata zvakananga kwechitsi ... Chakanga chisina kamba. Kumurwi haana kuisa maoko ake, aive ne gabeslet ya asbestos maererano nevashandi.

Zvinoshamisa kuti, asi haisi yejeri yakakura, kana simba rekudzoka rine simba, harina kudzivirira pfuti yema submachine kubva pakuwedzerwa kwepamusoro kusvika kune wedge pakusvibiswa kuduku. Pasinei neizvi, mishonga MP-40 munguva dzokutanga dzehondo yakazadzisa zvakakwana zvido zvezvombo zvakadaro. Izvo chete nekurasikirwa kweHitler yekuita sarudzo, vakafanirwa kukudziridza pfuti yekutanga yekurova, StG-44.

Basa remazuva ano

Hungu, hungu, pane zvakadaro. Zvisinei, PPSh-41 yakaramba ichibudiswa muPRC kusvikira kutanga kwa2000, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo iri kuitwa kusvikira ikozvino, naizvozvo hapana chinoshamisa mune izvi. Uye iyo MP-40 yakaramba iri kushanda nemapurisa eNorway kusvika kumashure semakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rapfuura. Mukuwedzera, yakashandiswa zvakashandiswa nevaIsrael neArabhu munguva yekusagadzikana kusingaverengeki muGaza Strip. Saka MP-40 imakine ine mbiri yakawanda.

Nenzira, iyo yakakurumbira MR-5, iyo iri kushanda nemapurisa akawanda uye mauto ehondo munyika yose, haina chokuita nePP yatinenge tichikurukurirana. Chokutanga, inoshanda sevhavha isina kusununguka. Chechipiri, chokwadi, iko koro kadiki yeG-3 pfuti.

Pakupedzisira, pneumatic automatic automation machines MP-40, iyo inoshandiswa kuburitsa mapuranga (semamiriro ezvinhu nePPSh-41) inotengeswa zvakare. Zvisinei, makopi akadaro haasati awanika, uye mari yavo yakakwirira. Kazhinji zvinenge zvisingatauriki.

Zvikamu zvekutanga zvekushandisa kushandiswa

Icho chinyorwa cheP MP-40 chakatanga kushandiswa muPoland, panguva yezvakaitika muna 1939. CSKA yakabva yangotumira kutumira matambudziko pamusoro pebasa rakaipa rekugadzirisa magodhi. Asi kutsoropodzwa kukuru kwaiva kukwira kwemafuro ezvishoma panguva yekuwa (zvisinei, iyo yose PP nevhavha yekusununguka chivi yakafanana). Varwi, kuitira kuti vadzivise njodzi, vakatotanga kusunga chibatiso chebhanhire nebhanhire. Mushure mokunge, kudonhedzana kwambotaurwa kunowanikwa pane bhokisi rehutari.

Kukanganisika

Kupinda kweUSSR kwakaratidza zvimwe zvikanganiso. Zvakaitika, kunyanya, kuti chiyero chakati chemoto chakavhara zvakanyanyisa ndicho chikonzero chakaipa, kubva muchitonhora uye kunyange nehutachiona husina kumira, mazvigadziro akarega kushanda. Miti "Steyr" yakasununguka zvishoma nezvishoma, kutanga kuisa gore rakasimba, asi semugumisiro, mutengo wemoto wakawedzera uye kuvimbika kwemagetsi hakuverengerwi nemitoro yakadaro yakawa.

Saka MP-40 imichina iyo maGermany akanga asingakwanise "kuisa mupfungwa" panguva iyoyo.