Bay Bridge - Bridge pakati peSan Francisco neAuckland

Bhiriji iri pakati peSan Francisco neAuckland (rinoratidzika pasi apa) rinofungidzirwa sechishamiso chekuvaka. MuUnited States, zviri nani kuzivikanwa seBay Bridge. Haisi iyo yakakurumbira nevatashanyi seGedhi reGoridhe, asi iro rinokoshawo kune iyo nzvimbo.

Zvinotarisirwa pakuvaka

Muna 1869 nharaunda yeUnited States yakabatanidzwa nekutenderera kwechitima. Panguva iyoyo, San Francisco yaifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo megapolis yakakura pamhenderekedzo yePacific. Kubva mumugwagwa mukuru wakagadzirwa vagari vayo vakaparadzaniswa neBa St. St. Francis. Kwapera nguva pfupi mushure meizvi, vakuru vakuru veguta vakatanga kukurudzira pfungwa yokuti zvakanga zvakafanira kuvaka bhiriji pakati peSan Francisco neAlland. Sani Francisco inogona kutadza kukanganiswa nemamiriro ayo. Nenguva isipi, komiti yekutambira yakasimudzwa, iyo nhengo dzayo dzakatanga kukura nekukurukurirana chirongwa chekuvaka nheyo huru. Pamberi pekutanga basa racho kwaive kuchine nguva yakawanda, asi kutanga kwainge kuchiripo.

Kugadzira

Pashure pekukakavadzana kwenguva refu nekukakavadzana, chirongwa chakanga chagadzirirwa kuvakwa kwechivako, maererano neicho, kuvaka kwaifanira kutanga naAuckland. Pasi payo, kuvaka kwaifanira kupfuurira kune iyo inonzi Goat Island, iyo yaifanira kupfuurira mumugwagwa. Iyi pfungwa yakakurumidza kutsoropodzwa. Icho chikonzero ndechokuti munzvimbo ino bay yakanga isingazivikanwi uye yakadzama. Panyaya iyi, purojekiti, yakarongerwa kuvaka bhiriji reSan Francisco-Oakland, yakasarudzwa kwenguva refu.

Vatongi veguta vakadzokera kune iyi pfungwa mumakumi maviri ezana remakore rapfuura. Yakanga iri panguva ino apo kutanga kwemotokari kuenderera kuUnited States kwakawa. Nhamba yekuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi yakabvumira kushandiswa kwekugadziriswa kwechimiro, uye isingabatsiri, saka yakasarudzwa kushandisa basa rekare nekuchinja kwakakodzera. Zvisinei, nguva ino pane imwe dambudziko. Yakanga yakabatanidzwa nenzvimbo pane Kozlin Island nheyo ye US Navy. Imwe mushure mokunge kukurudzirwa kunorwadza kweiyi nyaya muCongress, kutanga kwegore ra1931, mvumo yakagamuchirwa kutanga kutanga kuvaka. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti nheyo yacho yakaramba ichishanda pachiwi kusvika 1977.

Kuvaka

Bhiriji iri pakati peSan Francisco neAuckland rakatanga musi waJuly 9, 1933. Basa rokuvaka rakatungamirirwa nemuumbi wezvakagadzirwa ipapo ainzi Ralph Modzeski. Muchengeti aiva America Bridge Company. Panguva yekuvakwa kweBay Bridge, dzose dzakagadzirwa uye dzakanyatsozivikanwe dzimba dzekugadzira dzakashandiswa. Kuti ave nechokwadi chekugona kwekugadzikana kwechokwadi kwebasa rekutsigirwa, injini dzakagadzira shanduro yose yehutaneti. Chiratidzo chayo chaiva chokuti chaifungidzirwa rudzi rwevhu pazasi kwei bay uye yakadzika. Mukufananidza, vavaki vakatanga zvisikwa pachiwi chegwagwa, kureba kwayo yaiva mamita 160, uye yakareba - mamita makumi maviri nemaviri. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yepasi yakaiswa panguva iyoyo.

Discovery

Basa rokuvaka rakagara makore anopfuura matatu. Nokuda kwekushandiswa kwavo, nhoroondo yakawanda yekrete uye yesimbi yakashandiswa. Musi waNovember 12, 1936, mutambo wakakomba wakaitika, apo bhiriji iri pakati peSan Francisco neAuckland rakavhurwa. Akashanyirwa naGavhuna Frank Mariam. Mushure mokutaura kwekutanga, iye ane gesi kushambadza akacheka "ribhoni", iyo yakanga yakasungwa neketani. Pamusoro pezuva rokutanga rekushanda kwegadziriro, rakayambuka nevanopfuura 120 000 motokari. Mukukudzwa kwekuvhurwa kwechivako, ngarava dzemasvingo emagungwa muharayi dzakarongedza kuratidzwa kwechiedza.

Kubvira pamazuva okutanga eBay Bridge, mari yekufamba nayo yaive makumi masere makumi matanhatu. Izvi zvaifungidzirwa sehomwe yakakwirira kwazvo, uye mushure mekuongorora kwakanyanya, zviremera zveguta zvakaderedza mutengo we 25 cents.

Nhasi hurumende

Bhiriji iri pakati peSan Francisco neAllowland igadziro chemadziro maviri ane urefu hwemakiromita 7.2. Icho chinoumbwa nemapapiro maviri. Chokutanga chazvo chinosangana neSan Francisco neGomo reGomo, kufamba kwemotokari inowanikwa kuburikidza nehutambo mamita 160. Chikamu chechipiri chakakandwa pakati pechitsuwa neAuckland. Mari yacho inobhadharwa. Zvinodhura zvinodarika madhora makumi manomwe. Inobhadharwa chete kana ichifamba kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. Zvose zviri zviviri zvine magwa mashanu emotokari. Kuwedzera kwavo zvikaita 17.5 m. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mberi kwechikamu chezasi chakashandiswa pakufamba kwezvitima zvezvitima, asi mapuranga akadzurwa muna 1963. Kubva panguva iyo, mumoto mumwe nomumwe anofamba nenzira dzakasiyana.

Chinhu chinofadza

Kureba "Bay Bridge" pakakwirira pane mamita 57. Uyezve, munzvimbo yaro inowanzova nedutu guru. Kana mamiriro okunze achikurumidza, kuonekwa kuno kunovhiringidza zvakanyanya, saka, mushure mokunge vasvika pakadzika chikamu chegadziriro, nyika haigone kuonekwa. Hazvishamisi kuti vamwe vatyairi vanotya kufamba mairi. Kunyanya kuvanhu vakadaro, kutungamira kwebhiriji kunopa basa rekutanga. Iyo inowanikwa muchokwadi chokuti kwechikamu chiduku chechirevo chemazana makumi emadhora emadhora mutyairidzi wepamusoro anofambisa motokari ichiyambuka bhiriji pakati peSan Francisco neAuckland mune chero nzira. Muridzi wemotokari panguva ino achangobva kuendeswa kune chigaro.