Benjamin Spock: biography, hupenyu hwehupenyu, munyori we "The Child and Care for Him"

Benjamin Spock mucheche anozivikanwa wevana uyo akanyora muna 1946 bhuku rakanaka "Child and Care for Him." Somugumisiro, yakava yakanakisa. Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva nezvaBenjamin Spock pachake, nhoroondo yake uye hupenyu hwake. Kubva munyaya ino iwe uchadzidza zvose zvese pamusoro pechiremba anozivikanwa.

Benjamin Spock: Biography (muchidimbu)

MuNew Haven, mhuri yemurume anozivikanwa Ives Spock aiva nevana vatanhatu. Vakuru vavo vakazvarwa musi waMay 2, 1903. Waiva Benjamin Spock, uyo aifanira kubatsira amai Mildred Louise kutarisira vakoma nehanzvadzi vaduku. Nokudaro, aive akashandiswa kurera vana kubva paudiki uye kuvachengeta.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Spock akanyora paYunivhesiti Yale, kwaakadzidza mutauro weChirungu nemabhuku zvakadzika. Akanga achida kuverenga zvakawanda uye nguva dzose achizvipira muzvidzidzo zvake. Uyezve, akanga ane data yakanakisisa yemuviri, uye akatanga kupinda mune zvemitambo. Bhenjamini kunyange muna 1924 akatamba mumitambo yeOlympic mukutamba muFrance uye akakunda medari yegoridhe. Pakuguma, akava mhare yeOlympic uye kanopfuura kamwe wakafadza mhuri yake nezvakabudirira.

Kunyange zvazvo Spock ainyatsoziva mumitauro uye mabhuku, akarota kuva chiremba. Akazviita. PaYale, akaenda kumashandiro ezvokurapa uye muna 1929 akava chiremba wokutanga. Hapana kana kutofungidzira kuti munguva yemberi aizozivikanwa kwete chete sechiremba, asiwo semunyori. Icho chaiva Benjamin Spock. Hupenyu hwake hurefu, asi isu tichabata panguva dzinokosha kubva muupenyu hwake.

Childhood

Amai Benjamin Spock vakanyatsotevedzera vana uye vakanyatsoita sezvakaudzwa chiremba wemhuri. Haana kupa vana vake zvishoma zvishoma kusvika makore mashanu. Zvaitenda kuti kwete mazino chete anowedzera simba, asiwo nhengo dzomukati dzomwana.

Mhuri yaSpock, vose vana vairara mumugwagwa, pasi pematombo, pasinei nemamiriro ekunze. Chiremba akati kubva kuvana ava vanowedzera kutsungirira, vakasimba, vane utano hwakanaka. Mildred Louise akanga asingabvumirwi kutamba nevavakidzani vake. Akakumbira kuti vamubatsire pamba.

Benjamin Spock anoyeuka ucheche hwake nekuzvidemba. Mushure mezvose, panzvimbo yekuseka nevezera rako, kupfurikidza-kudzidzisa uye kumhanya-famba mumigwagwa, aifanira kuchinja mapepa, kugadzirira mabhodhoro kuvana vadiki vaduku, kubika pacifiers, nezvimwewo.

Vose vana vatanhatu vakanga vasingatyi baba vavo, vaigara vachimuudza chokwadi uye vakabvunzwa mune zvose. Asi amai vangu vakanga vachitya zvikuru uye vaigara vachinyepa, nokuti akavaranga nokuda kwechikanganiso chiduku. Mushure mekudzidzisa kwakadai, Benjamin haana kutya vabereki vake chete, asiwo vadzidzisi, mapurisa uye kunyange mhuka. Sezvo chiremba anouya achiyeuka, akakurira semunhu ane tsika dzakanaka uye snob. Upenyu hwake hwose akarwisana nehupenyu hwake.

Spock akataura nezveamai vacho nekutya uye kushamwari panguva imwe chete. Akataura kuti mubereki wake nguva dzose aiziva zvakanakisisa kuvana vake, asi haana kubvumira ani nani kuti arwe naye. Apo Benjamin aive kuchikoro, amai vake vakaenda kuchikoro chechikepe. Aifarira kuti ikoko vana vakarara mumhepo itsva mune chero mamiriro ekunze.

Upenyu hwega

Kunyange zvazvo Spock akanga achidzidza kuhurumende yezvechiremba, pane chimwe chinhu chinokosha muupenyu hwake. Chiremba weramangwana akaunza mwenga kumba. Chokutanga, vabereki vakatora musikana wacho zvakanaka. Zvisinei, apo Bhenjamini nemwenga vakavharwa muimba, Amai vakaedza kuratidza kurwisa kwemoyo. Asi mukomana nemusikana uyu aiva neropafadzo yekuva nababa pamusha avo vakavadzivirira kubva kuhupenyu hwemubereki. Uyezve, papa akapa mhuri yomudzidzi chikamu chemadhora madhora. Upenyu hwehupenyu hwaBenjamin Spock hwakabudirira zvikuru paakawana. Mushure mezvose, akanga asingachagoni kuteerera vabereki vake, asi ave munhu akazvimirira.

Mildred Louise akagumbura zvikuru nemwanakomana wake, zvokuti akasarudza kuroorwa asina zano rake. Saka akasarudza kutsvaga kubva kumhuri yake muroora wake. Zvakazoitika kuti baba vake vakafa nechirwere. Zvisinei, mwanakomana haana kutora rutivi rweamai vake kunyange mushure mekutaura kwakadaro.

Nguva yakauya apo Benjamin nemudzimai wake vakaona kuti vakanga vakamirira mwana. Zvisinei, mwana achangoberekwa akafa, uye amai vangu vakanga vasingakwanisi kuramba vakanyarara, akaratidza pfungwa yake. Akataura kuti hukama hwavo hwepabonde hunotungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba nekuda kwemukasha waBenjamin, uyo akabatwa nechirwere.

Mushure mokutaura kwakadaro, Benjamin nemudzimai wake vakamira vachitaura naamai vavo ndokuenda kuNew York, uko tsika yekutanga mukurapa yakatanga.

Bhenjamini nemhuri yake

Ichokwadi, jaya racho rakaramba richirwadziwa mupfungwa kubva pauduku. Ndicho chikonzero muhupenyu hwake hwehukuru iye ainyanya kuda uye ane utsinye kuvana vake. Akanga ana vanakomana vaviri, vaaida kwazvo, asi aisagona kuratidzira tsitsi dzake. Baba vakanyanyisa vaiva Benjamin Spock. Vana vaigara vachidzivisa kambani yake.

Pane imwe nguva Spock akareurura kuvanyori venhau kuti akanga asina kumbotsvoda vana vake. Akanga aine chokwadi chokuti mazamu eamai vakaita basa rinokosha. Murume wechidiki akanga asingakwanisi kukunda pachake, izvo zvakaita kuti vanakomana vake varware zvikuru.

Kwenguva refu mhuri yakagara yakadzikama uye yakayera. Zvisinei, nguva yakasvika apo Spock akava chiremba akakurumbira zvikuru. Somugumisiro, mudzimai wake akava negodo pamusoro mukurumbira wake uye kubudirira, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kumwa. Uye muna 1976 mhuri yakabva yaparara. Chiremba ndiye aiva nemakore makumi manomwe, asi akasarudza kuroora zvakare.

Rimwe gore harina kupfuura mushure mekurambana, sezvo Spock akanga adzorerwa zvakare. Chinonyanya kufadza, mudzimai wake aiva nemakore makumi mana, asi akada murume akare. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakakavhiringidza kuti yakanga yakanyanya kukurumbira kupfuura murume wake. Sezvarinoitika, kuguma kwaBenjamin Spock kwakanga kusiri nyore. Mushure mezvose, aifanira kurwisana noupenyu hwake hwose neunhu hwake hwakaoma uye hwakaoma.

Bhenjamini nevanakomana

Vana vacho vakagumburwa zvikuru nababa vavo, saka havana kuda kutaura naye, uye haana kutsvaka kuva pedyo navo. Ndosaka munhu wese aive ari oga. Mwanakomana wechidiki kunaJohani, akazova muvakirwi akakurumbira. Mukuru Mikaeri akawana basa rake mukurapa, uye zvakaitika kuti akatevera mumakumbo ababa vake-akava chiremba.

Spock akanga asingazivi chinhu pamusoro pekuguma kwevanakomana vake. Haana kumbovatora, sezvo tsika dzaidiwa. Mushure mezvose, hakuna mwanakomana mumwe chete angakanganwira baba vake nokuda kwekutsamwa kwake. Zvisinei, zvakaitika kuti Spock akatanga kutaura nemwanakomana waMichael, ainzi Petro. Mariri, akawana chikamu uye akapa rudo rwake rusina ruzivo kumuzukuru wake chete.

Muna 1983, paKrisimasi (December 25), Petro akazviuraya. Akazvikanda kubva padenga remu museum. Kwemazuva mazhinji vaisagona kuwana chikonzero chechiito chaPetro. Somugumisiro, zvakaitika kuti mukomana wemakore makumi maviri nemaviri ane chirwere chisingaperi chisingagoni kurarama nazvo. Mushure mokunge chiitiko ichi, Benjamin aine chirwere chemwoyo, icho chakaguma kutanga nehosha yepamusoro uye zvakare nekurova. Ndizvo zvakaitika apo mwanakomana waMichael akaedza kuyananisa nababa vake, asi akamupomera mhosva yekuderera kwemuzukuru wake.

Chikonzero nei Spock akava chiremba wemwana

Muzvokwadi, pakutanga Bhenjamini akarota nezvegungwa uye aida kuva chiremba pachikepe. Zvisinei, kunyange muhuduku hwake, chiremba weramangwana akaverengera zvakawanda pamusoro pea psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, uyo aiva nechinonyanya kukosha mubasa rake rekurapa. Ipapo Spock akaziva kuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvehuduku hazviuwani pachavo. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nedzidzo uye nzira yehupenyu. Akabva asarudza kuva chiremba wevana.

Apo chiremba wechidiki Benjamin Spock akatanga kutambira vana, akanyatsobvunza vabereki vake kuti vaive sei vachirera vana. Pakupedzisira, akaita mhedziso yake. Zvinotarisa kuti zvakakosha kudzidzisa vabereki pakutanga uye kwete vana. Apo amai nababa vakadzidza mufambiro wakanaka, ipapo vachakwanisa kutaura nevana.

Icho Chikafu chakadzidzisa vabereki vake

Chiremba wevana wekutanga akatanga kuti mwana wacho munhu. Haikwanise kutukwa, kunyanya muvanhu. Chiremba akadzidzisa vabereki zvidzidzo zvedzidzo, akabvunzwa kuburikidza kusamanikidza kumanikidza mwana kuti abatsire pamba. Mushure mezvose, ndakasangana nousiku huno ini.

Panguva iyoyo, vabereki vazhinji vaifunga kuti vana vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kubva paudiki kusvika kune hupenyu hwevanhu vakuru. Spock akaedza kuvanyengetedza kuti vasabvisa vana vavo kubva kuvana vavo uye havana kudzinga purogiramu yehondo. Mushure mezvose, vanhu vakawanda vakanyatsogadzirisa purogiramu, marudzi ose evanhukadzi anorangwa nechirango. Izvi hazvikwanisi kuitwa, sezvo mwana kubva paudiki achiri mucheche akavhara mukati make, psyche yake inodedera.

Sezviri pachena, nokuti Spock akaedza kudzidzisa vabereki vake, varwere vake vakava vashoma. Kunyange zvazvo vatapi venhau nguva dzose vakanyora nezvake. Somugumisiro, chiremba wechidiki akasarudza kunyora bhuku rake rekutanga duku pamusoro pehutano hwepfungwa nezvehutano hwevana.

Dzidzo yehutano

Sezvo chiremba ainge asina rudo rwemwana, uye iye pachake akatambura kuti aisazopa tsitsi kuvana vake, akanyora bhuku rakanaka rainzi "Mwana Nekutarisira Kwake." Nzira yezvidzidzo zveBenjamin Spock yakavakirwa pamusoro pevabereki vevabereki, uyezve - pamadzimai.

Chiremba akatsigira kuti mufambiro wemucheche wakanyatsoenderana nevakuru. Kana vakamuberekera nguva dzose vachirangwa nokuda kwechikanganiso chiduku, mwana munguva yemberi anova munhu wepfungwa asina kunaka. Nokudaro, pane maitiro, kuzviuraya uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Chiremba vana vanokumbira vabereki kuti vade vana vavo uye vavakanganwire vose. Pashure pezvose, hapana dambudziko rakakosha misodzi yevana. Tsvimbo uye karoti ndiyo nzira yakanaka yezvidzidzo mumhuri. Iva nechokwadi chekubhadhara zvakanyanya vana vako, uye mune ramangwana vachakuripira zvakafanana.

Benjamin Spock: mabhuku

Shanduro yekutanga yechiremba yainzi "Psychological aspects yevana maitiro." Pano akaudza vabereki vake pamusoro pea psychoanalyst Freud, vachikakavadzana kuti vabereki vake vanofanira kuziva pamusoro pemadzidziso ake kuitira kuti vadzidzise nekurera vana vavo.

Spock akabudisawo bhuku rakanzi "Kutaura naamai." Mariri, anodzidzisa vabereki kutaura nemwana nenzira yakarurama, kutarisa utano hwavo, uye kuvatsamwisa. Mumabhuku mamwechete, nheyo dzekutarisira vana dzakanyorwa.

Bhuku rinonzi "Mwana uye kurera kwake" rinotaura nezve nzira dzaroti uye tsvimbo. Mushure mezvose, vabereki vakawanda vachiri kubata zvimedu zvavo zvisina kururama. Ndokusaka zvichabatsira kuzviverenga kuna amai nababa.

Mubhuku rimwe nerimwe, chiremba anonyanya kuisa dzidzo dzakanaka uye kutarisira vana. Usakanganwa kuti kubvira achiri muduku akafamba nechikoro chakadaro uye anogona kudzidzisa kunzwisisa vana kubva pazera remakore.

Rimwe bhuku guru rakanyorwa naBenjamin Spock - "Mwana uye anomutarisira." Inosunungurwa muzvikamu zviviri, yakava yakanakisa. Iri bhuku rinoshandiswa kusvikira nhasi munyika yose. Kune mazwi akawanda anofadza uye mazano akachenjera ayo Dr. Benjamin Spock akapa. "Mwana uye anomutarisira" ibhuku rinodzidzisa vabereki zvakarurama kwete chete kudzidzisa vana, asiwo kuvapa zvokudya, kutsamwa, kufara, kukurukura, nezvimwewo.

Shanduro yekutanga yakabudiswa muna 1946. Yakatanga nemitsetse yokuti hapana anoziva mwana wacho zviri nani kupfuura vabereki vake. Chiremba akadanwa kuti avimbe iye oga uye intuition yake, uye kwete kumhanya-famba kune vanachiremba.

Kuongorora nezvechiremba uye mabhuku ake

Madzimai mazhinji anotenda kuti Benjamin Spock ndiye chiremba akakodzera anozarura vabereki vake maziso akawanda. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vashomanana chete vanoziva kuti mwana anogona kudyiswa mukaka wamai kwemakore matatu. Pashure pezvose, nhasi vanachiremba vanotaura zvakasiyana, uye vabereki vakawanda vanozvitenda.

Kunyangwe kunewo mamimai akadaro anotora mabhuku aya kubva muzana remakore rapfuura asina kushandiswa, haafaniri kubhadharwa. Zvisinei, kana ukapinda mukati, saka mubvunzo unomuka pamusoro pekuti sei vana vaishandiswa kuva varwere kare. Vazhinji vachataura kuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakasiyana, asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti kana paiva nekudya kwakasiyana, vakanga vasingatyi kutsamwisa vana uye havana kuvatya sezvavari nhasi. Uye ichi ndicho chinetso chose. Vabereki chete vakave vakasiyana, uye kubva pane izvi uye zvimwe zvose zvakachinja. Saka anodaro Dr. Spock.

Sei uye sei Bhenjamini afa?

Chiremba haana kufa nekurwadziwa kwepfungwa kana kurohwa. Akabatwa nekenza uye aida kurapa mari. Ipapo Mikaeri, mwanakomana wedangwe, akadzoka kuna baba vake ndokumupa rubatsiro. Zvisinei, sezvakatarisirwa, Spock akasiya mari yemwanakomana wake. Akataura kuti aizofa zviri nani kupfuura kutora rubatsiro kubva kumunhu uyu.

Izvozvo zvakaitwa naBenjamin Spock, semunhu asingazivi. Rufu rwake rwakasvika muna 1998, musi waMarch 15. Akanga ari nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. Vamwe vanotenda kuti akafa nokukwegura, asi vamwe vanoti akakundwa nekenza. Mudzimai wangu haana kupa mhirizhonga. Ndaida kumurangarira nenzira iyoyo. Sezviri pachena, pakanga pane rudo pakati pavo.

Mhedziso

Zvinoshamisa, chiremba akanyora mabhuku akawanda akanaka, nekuda kwekuti vabereki vanorera vana vavo. Zvisinei, Spock pachake haana kumbodzidza kuda, kuremekedza nekukoshesa vana vake. Chero bedzi pakutaurirana nemzukuru wake nevamwe vana Bhenjamini anonzwisisa kukanganisa kwake, asi haana kukwanisa kuzviitira, sezvo nguva yakanga yatosiyiwa.

Verenga mabhuku echiremba anozivikanwa, uye achakudzidzisa kuti unzwe vana vako kunyanya. Ida vana vako, teerera kwavari, uye ivo vachakuripira mune imwe chete yemari.