Psychological diagnosis: tsanangudzo uye kujekesa kwepfungwa

The chirwere ndiyo mugumisiro mupfungwa remapazi nyanzvi, panguva iyo vaizivikanwa unhu, avo mamiriro, uyewo Zvaifungidzirwa kuchinja ramangwana.

The tsananguro

A pfungwa akadai "chirwere" rinoshandiswa chaizvo kwete chete mushonga, asiwo vamwe minda zvesayenzi. Sezvairi, anoshandura se "kukudzwa." Panyaya akadai sokuti "mupfungwa chirwere", zvinoreva kuziva zvinetso pachako hunhu, uyewo avo zvakananga uye zvinokonzera. Muchiitiko chino, tinogona kutaura kwete chete pamusoro zvarakasiya kana pathologies, asiwo pamusoro kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, zviri zvakare vanoda tsvakurudzo.

Statement mupfungwa nechirwere kunogona kuitwa munzvimbo mana makuru, izvo panguva yakafanira dzinounzwa anozivikanwa musayendisiti Reykovich:

• tsvakurudzo, pachisara uye maitiro webasa;
• kudzidza kushanda kwendangariro zviri kukonzera murau zvinhu zvevanhu;
• Diagnostics dzinoyerera tsinga maitiro zvigadziriswe;
• kudzidza zvinhu zviri inotungamirwa mupfungwa zvechadenga wacho.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvepfungwa shoko "chirwere" harishandiswi kazhinji mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvokurapa. Izvi imhaka yokuti munhu kunetsa nani kusagadzikana uye kwete nguva dzose amenable kune hwakadzama kudzidza. Ndokusaka mupfungwa zvokuongorora kazhinji ane ine rairatidza.

Kana isu nezvazvo rakawedzerwa mupfungwa nechirwere, inotaura zvinotevera:

• Primary kudzidza vakawanda mamiriro wacho uye ake pamwero kukura;
• Kudzidza unhu kuva nomwero, uyewo kuona mupfungwa unhu;
• Search Matambudziko (kwete chete panoonekwa murwere, asi zvakavanzika);
• tsanangudzo ukama unhu kuti vanozivikanwa matambudziko;
• kururamiswa zvepfungwa kufungisisa kuvapo kana kusavapo mune murwere ataure adaptive chinzvimbo.

Zvikanganiso chikuru mupfungwa nechirwere

Dambudziko mupfungwa nechirwere ndechokuti zvakaoma chaizvo kuti asimbise. Nyanzvi kazhinji kuita zvinotevera rinonyengera;

• inattentive kana asina kururama pakuongorora, mugumisiro izvo zvinogona kufungidzirwa unhu vavo nzira;
• Error kunyoresa data, kazhinji vanenge chokuita norusaruro kurutivi murwere kana kubva kuzviitira tinyatsonzwisisa mashoko;
• music zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nokusava unyanzvi vari kushanda pamwe zvekushandisa zvokushandisa, uyewo nekusagona zvakarurama kududzira mashoko;
• Zvachose chirwere kwakavakirwa kuororwa pasina kumwe kutsvakurudza;
• Attribution chikanganiso ndechokuti chiremba anogona kupona nenyaya iri avo maitiro regai here unokosha kwairi;
• kutanga zvikonzero zvenhema nokuda yakatsauka kubva chakaipa ehurumende;
• kuedza kwose kwose kuti kushandisa dzakabudirira pfungwa, kwete kuda kushanda kutsvaka zvitsva zvingaitwa;
• wo nokungwarira mashoko nechirwere.

Nzendo kwepfungwa

murwere basa kwepfungwa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mumatanho huru:

• rokutanga kugadzirira zvinosanganisira kugadzwa nevanhu pakati murwere uye chiremba, uyewo basa chienderane unyanzvi;
• nokuvumba kuonana murwere uye ake pachii pamwe (chinhu ichi kunokwanisika nokutanga ushamwari uye zvakavanzika mhepo);
• muunganidzwa date achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana mupfungwa nechirwere murwere chinzvimbo Data;
• processing kuti akagamuchira mashoko pamwe haizopereri Pfungwa nechirwere uye fungidziro pakati pakuzadzisa murwere;
• Kugadzirwa kurumbidza nokuda normalization ezvinhu omurwere;
• kunyoresa gwaro wezvokurapa ari waakaudzwa muchimiro.

mupfungwa mushumo

Mupfungwa nechirwere, pfungwa mushumo - yakafanana pfungwa iyo, zvisinei, haagoni kuzivikanwa. Chokutanga izwi iri zvakakwana avhiringidzwa uye kwete saka unowanzoshandiswa uchidzidzira. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mupfungwa mhedziso, chinoitwa nenzira formalized nenzira, uye angava chikuru, uyewo vakanatswa (okupedzisira).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti weboka pfungwa pamusoro chikuru uye yakanatswa pachinzvimbo zvemasanga. kazhinji zvakakodzera kudzokorora zvidzidzo zviri mupfungwa tsika. Ndokusaka chokupedzisira mhedziso anogona kupinda muboka chinonyanya. Izvi imhaka yokuti mupfungwa mamiriro wacho ari pasi kuramba nokufamba uye rakanyatsojeka kusagadzikana.

Zvinogamuchirika kunyora mupfungwa mashoko chokungopa chimiro, asi kana isu nezvazvo vanhuwo tsika, chinofanira kuva anenge sezvinotevera:

• Overview:
  • murwere date;
  • zvichemo murwere kana vanhu vaimuperekedza;
  • date nhoroondo;
  • rondedzero chaiyo zvatariswa chitarisiko uye maitiro;
  • kuona ukuru inotungamirwa pamutemo mabasa;
  • zvishande budiriro unhu;
  • matambudziko mupfungwa uye unhu uye zvaidiwa interpersonal yokukurukurirana.
• Special chikamu:
  • akagadzira pedyo mupfungwa zvokuongorora;
  • Zvaifungidzirwa kuti pakuzadzisa zvinhu;
  • kurumbidza nokuti normalization ari mamiriro.

mupfungwa mhedziso misimboti

Psychological Mushumo yakasimbiswa pachishandiswa zvinotevera nheyo:

• gwaro haisi mwero chimiro kunyora, uye nenzira inoenderana yavo yokungotaura uye anoshanda. ruzivo diagnostician;
• huru kwemamiriro zvinhu ndiyo mutsara chinangwa nako pakutsvakurudza chaiitirwa;
• kuti mupfungwa mushumo waiva runoshanda kukosha, zvinofanira hazvo kuratidzei nevamwe unhu kuti kunganzi sezvo yakatsauka kubva chakaipa ehurumende;
• vanofanira kupinda zvevhiki panguva kongiri zviito kuti une kwokururamisa basa;
• mhedziso inofanira pamwe nzwisisika ruzivo pamusoro zvidzidzo (nemibvunzo uye nezvimiro, etc.);
• Rondedzero vanofanira kuva akajeka uye chinangwa.

Psychological chirwere chacho mhando

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti siyana vanachiremba uye kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana kushanda pamwe nevarwere. Nezvenyaya iyi, kufarira kukuru kudzidza nyaya dzakadai mupfungwa chirwere uye mhando yayo. The huru ndeizvi:

• Chirwere inobva vasabatwa ariko zvakakurumbira. In murwere ichi mupfungwa unhu zvinofungidzirwa, kunobva akafanorongerwa chokuratidza, izvo vaiona vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.
• Pakusarudza kwokuomerwa mamwe maitiro. Kazhinji kushandiswa pachidzidzo, rimwe boka revanhu kuti kuvapo mamwe maitiro.

Kushandiswa kutsvakurudza zvabuda

Psychological chirwere angawana kushandisirwa pazvinhu zvinotevera mabasa evanhu:

• Optimization rokudzidzisa uye dzidzo muitiro;
• vanoshanda mumunda yekosi kurovedza uye yekosi nhungamiro;
• psychotherapeutic basa, izvo anokanda panguva Achabvisa zvarakasiya kubva sezvinongoita ezvinhu;
• Litigation (zvichienderana nyanzvi chokutonga tsunga nokuda chitarafu).

The chikuru nzira nechirwere

Zvinotevera nzira chikuru mupfungwa nechirwere:

• Wakajeka nzira - inobva mufananidzo, nyora bvunzo, akaita yezvakanga mapepa;
• Ongororo nzira - chaiyo siyana, izvo pashure rokuzadza kwepfungwa anogona kununura yakakodzera zvokuongorora;
• sociometric nzira inoshandiswa kuziva mifananidzo ukama boka revanhu;
• oupenyu nzira kunosanganisira kudzidza zvepfungwa kwevanhu pachishandiswa rondedzero hwake uye vavakezve vamwe kiyi nzendo;
• majini nzira - chirwere pachishandiswa zvidzidzo murwere chinotevera hama;
• mapatya nzira ndehwokuti kujekesa hunhu mupfungwa dzevanhu unhu (vari tinozvarwa kana vawana kubva zvimwewo zvinhu);
• kwemasvomhu nzira kubvumira kuratidza uye kunatsiridza pfungwa.

Psychological chirwere maererano Vygotsky

Imwe dzepamusorosoro manhamba mumunda wepfungwa anonzi L. S. Vygotsky. Akaripira ngwariro chaiyo pfungwa dzakadai se "pfungwa chirwere" uye "mupfungwa maonero." Unobva ake nemaonero, zviri zvavo rienderane. Zvisinei, kuti kufanotaura, zvinokosha kuti tiongorore kwete chete chipo asiwo kare mamiriro murwere, nokudaro zvichiita kuti kana kusatonzwa yakarurama mufananidzo zviitiko zveramangwana.

Maererano Vygotsky pfungwa, tinogona kusiyanisa zvinotevera zvinokosha kwevari mupfungwa nechirwere:

• empirical - mutsara zviratidzo kwakavakirwa icho akagumisa;
• etiologic - une panoongororwa mhaka imwe ehurumende;
• typological - ndiyo inonyanya pamwero Diagnostics, kunosanganisira kutsanangura nzvimbo kunoratidzwa zvarakasiya mu zvizere pamusoro mupfungwa unhu.

Vygotsky kuti budiriro zvinofanira kufungwa uye kutanga rokuti akadai "evanhu mamiriro ezvinhu okukura." Zviri kwegadziriro ukama chiripo pakati wacho uye ayo zvakavapoteredza.

Common muduku diagnoses

Unogona kusarudza inotevera chikamu mupfungwa nechirwere vana:

• Attachment nyonganyonga - kutya yokuparadzana wakafanana nevadiwa, nezvinhu zvinokosha. Izvi zvingava nokuti kurasikirwa kuchangobva kana rakapinza kungochinja nzvimbo yokugara. Kunoratidza pacharo vari kugara ezvinhu mwoyo uye voga.
• Dizraptivnye maitiro asina kutsarukana dzinosanganisira kunyanya basa uye impulsivity. Vana vane chirwere akadaro kazhinji hasha zvikuru uye vakasindimara, uye kugumbuka. Panguva iyoyo avanotarisira kuraira vamwe uye chemafuta akawandisa chido kuwana zvinodiwa chinhu.
• Taurirana Zvirwere anozviratidza mu akaoma, kutukana kana asiri kutaura kutaura pfungwa dzake. Vana vakadaro kakawanda dzinoratidzwa kunonoka kana kunokanganisika matauriro uye chokundandama.
• Zvokukura zvinetso zvakada achiperekedzwa chin'a maitiro. Vana vakadaro vanogona kuva chisimba, uye pakarepo kutarisana hasha mwana achishusha. Zvirwere izvi vari pamwe havachanyatsogoni munzanga uye unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana.
• Vasiri Zvirwere zvinosanganisira mhirizhonga iri simba mugadziriro, uyewo zvepanyama zvinodiwa kuenda. Ivo zvinogona kukonzerwa kuzvidya mwoyo kana kuvhunduka.
• Zvinyamusi zvinozarurwa muchimiro mwoyo uye kusakendenga. Kunosanganisirawo uye dambudziko zvinetso, ayo achiperekedzwa munhu nemanic chiitiko, kunyanya kurudziro uye mafaro.
• Zvirwere achiperekedzwa zviratidzo injini pokumbononotswa kwomuviri. Kazhinji vana ava zveufende, refu kudzidza zvinhu zvinokosha unyanzvi (akadai fastening mabhatani, uye zvichingodaro).
• Tic nyonganyonga vanowanzoda nhaka kana kungakonzerwa zvikuru mupfungwa. Hazvina involuntary uye spasmodic kufamba munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika muviri. Kazhinji chaiye ezvinhu matambudziko aya pachavo kuda makore 7.

Misimboti inoshandiswa pakutsigira mupfungwa diagnoses

basa nyanzvi murwere ndiwo mugumisiro munhu mupfungwa nechirwere. Psychodiagnostics vanoziva mazano anotevera inokosha:

• Integrated kusvika chinoreva RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA kudzidza kwakadaro zvinhu nzvimbo sezvo unhu, maitiro uye njere;
• kubatana chirwere uye kururamiswa;
• RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA mukudzidza mupfungwa zvatariswa (pataidzidza dzinofanira kuziva kunzvimbo dzose pfungwa);
• pachako kusvika kunosanganisira kufunga nomumwe zvatariswa kuti chirwere uye kurapwa basa;
• basa kusvika ndechokuti kushanda pamwe murwere yaifanira mumaratidzirwo zvayo nzvimbo yebasa;
• simba musimboti ndeyokudzidza kwete chete waivako chaiyo asiwo mukana wavo pakuzadzisa;
• mubatanidzwa nomunhu uye vezera kuongorora kukwanisa akwezve rechitatu-party nyanzvi kumisa chirwere uye kurapwa.

Best tsika kushanda varwere

Psychological chirwere - ari muchikwata yakaoma, saka nyanzvi vanofanira kutungamirirwa nevamwe mitemo, kuwadzana makasitoma:

• zvichiita kurumbidza murwere, zvakakodzera kupa iye anoverengeka nzira kugadzirisa dambudziko kuti aiva sarudzo, zvichienderana zvekunze ezvinhu;
• kuti kwepfungwa harifaniri kungogumira kungotaurwa pakuparadzirwa kunenge, uye kupa kuzviitira tinyatsonzwisisa nerimwe matare;
• hazvina zvakafanira kumanikidza nzira vachirwara maitiro, izvo zvinowanzoita kwepfungwa - murwere unofanira kukwanisa kuzvidzora-vakasarudzwa;
• Psychological mazano haafaniri vanoshamba murwere zvichienderana chiremba (ari ahwo murwere vanofanira kuwana kuzvitonga psychocorrection unyanzvi);
• mutengi anofanira kugara kukwanisa kuzodzosera dzinoshanda nyanzvi, kana iye haagoni kukurira dambudziko;
• kuti kwepfungwa haafaniri anongoerekana murwere chero zviri kugutsikana kuti vainzwisisa kunenge uye vagadzirira kuti kuzvidzora basa.

zvakawanikwa

Pfungwa mupfungwa nechirwere zvinoreva mugumisiro mabasa nyanzvi, wakange zvainanga kuziva kusiyana unhu kukura, pave vanorumbidza uye kufungidzira remangwana mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kukwanisa kuziva dambudziko pachavo hunhu, uyewo avo chinokonzera uye dzimwe pfungwa dzinokosha. Kana isu kutaura nzira nechirwere, rinogona akapedzisa kudzidza maitiro basa uye mafungiro pezvakaitwa inodzora nayo. Pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna zvigadziriswe mutoro aibuda etsinga siyana, uye mamiriro umo mupfungwa Profile aumbwa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pari anoteerera guru nyaya iyi sezvo munhu mupfungwa chirwere uye mhando yayo. The kuzvidzora basa iri kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvakafanana kuti kunowanzoitwa nenyanzvi. Saka, tinogona kutaura nezvekuparadzwa kusadiwa murwere, nokuti vanachiremba kazhinji vanovimba zvavo yapfuura ruzivo. Uyewo kucherechedza ndiwo mukana norusaruro atinoitwa murwere. A zvakafanana chikanganiso - chirwere pahwaro pakutanga pasina zvakadzama ongororo. Uyewo kucherechedza zvingangoguma nokushandisa template pamusoro yokungotaura ezvinhu pasina kufungisisa nomumwe zvinoitwa nomunhu.

A pfungwa akadai "chirwere" hakusi kwakajairika mune zvepfungwa se "kuguma". Pasinei chokwadi kuti hapana yakamisirwa chimiro, pane chakajairika zano raro ndokukweverwazve kumusoro. Saka, muna vakawanda chikamu chine mashoko anokosha pamusoro murwere, uyewo zvichemo kubva kwaari (kana vashandi). Paro zvinofanira kudonongodzwa zvinoitwa nechitarisiko uye maitiro murwere, izvo zvinokosha pagadzirwe mupfungwa nechirwere, uyewo matambudziko vanozivikanwa. The rinokosha Chikamu rine kwete chete mashoko ari mhedziso, asi mukuru vanorumbidza kugadzirisa matambudziko uye nemaonero mamwe zviitiko.

A mupiro guru zvakakwana kuti dzidziso uye tsika wepfungwa akaita musayendisiti L. S. Vygotsky. Akagumisa kuti fungidziro uye zvokuongorora pfungwa vane ndezvomuzana zvakafanana negwara. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe munhu vakwanise uye kunzwisisa, nokuti kunosanganisira kwete chete kudzidza kare uye chipo, asi ramangwana mamiriro. Vygotsky akasiyanisa nhanho nhatu mupfungwa nechirwere. Empirical ndicho nyore uye hakungorevi mashoko pachena uye Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa zviratidzo. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro etiological vanochiva zvinonyanya kuoma nekuda kudiwa kuwana uye kuongorora zvikonzero kutsaudzira. Muduku zvichida kundosangana typological pamwero, rinotaura nhamba nzvimbo iripo zvarakasiya ari zvinonyatsorehwa mufananidzo wacho.