Mupfungwa kururamiswa. Nzira mupfungwa kururamiswa. Center nokuti mupfungwa kururamiswa

Chokutanga, ngationei kutsanangura pfungwa zvepfungwa. Chaizvoizvo - sayenzi kwomweya. Psychology sezvo yakazvimirira chirango akasimbisa chete muzana remakore rapfuura, pashure kugamuchira chinhu experimental nechigadziko uye zvakasikirwa vasiri hwaro.

Chii basa unoita zvepfungwa muupenyu hwemazuva ano?

Nesayenzi ichi chinogona vasangana kwete chete kuva chirango nesayenzi, asiwo kuzosangana naye magazini fashoni, paredhiyo nepaterevhizheni muchimiro mupfungwa miedzo, vanorumbidza nomukurumbira vanachiremba vakaroorana, vanamuzvinabhizimisi uye zvichingodaro. N.

In yechinangwa ano vanhu upenyu zvepfungwa unezvirevo dzakawanda. Ivo:

1. Hunoshanda basa - kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo pachinhu maindasitiri basa, matambudziko oupenyu, yakarurama kusarudza basa, kuti ajairane chikwata, ukama hwemhuri; kudzidza zvakarurama nzira mamaneja, vatinoshanda navo, pasi, hama.
2. Achiwedzera basa - kushanda vakatodzidza mupfungwa zivo pachake kuburikidza kuzvicheka-pakuongorora, nyanzvi mupfungwa maturusi (somuenzaniso, bvunzo).
3. General nemagariro basa - ugone dzakasiyana kuburikidza pakuunganidza mupfungwa ruzivo (mabasa akakurumbira mudzimba uye dzimwe masayendisiti).
4. Yokungotaura chikamu - kudzidza matambudziko inokosha.

Social zvepfungwa munezvimwe muvanhu

Mumakore mashoma apfuura, vanhu vakabva mumamiriro euphoria, kutarisira chokuita zvakanaka tarisiro chokuita nesayenzi hwokugadzira mberi (Stp), mamiriro vanonzi kushungurudzwa (chiono chaiye nemigumisiro yakaipa matambudziko nesayenzi uye michina mberi).

Mugumisiro wokutanga - zvakatosiyana dzavanhu uye michina ruzivo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mubasa michina unyanzvi. Vakanga vachigadzirira kuti hurongwa kukura zvigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa. Pfungwa imwe nyanzvi yakadaro, uyewo unyanzvi ake, unyanzvi, manzwisisire zvenyika uye zvepfungwa, pfungwa chete kugadzirisa michina matambudziko. Technicism richiratidzwa Mhedziso chero ano nyanzvi basa chaienzanirana ruzivo runodiwa uye mharidzo. A mugumisiro iyi misha yose munhu anoda kwaiwo zvose. A kuratidzwa pamusoro apa muitiro ndiyo tsaona kukura zvipenyu uye uto mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yanhasi.

Pakati sayenzi dzakasiyana-siyana, kukoshesa munhu, zvikurukuru kukosha wanamatira kune Sociological uye nevanhu, kunyanya nezvemagariro evanhu zvepfungwa. It achabatsira kuti neutralization basa yambotaurwa hwokugadzira nzira chete maererano nyaya nyika. ruzivo Social kuchabatsira kuona kudzika uye kunzwisisa ukama chaihwo hwevanhu.

Professional basa Somuenzaniso, imwe injiniya (transformative, tsvakurudzo, zvishande uye vamwe.) - hakusi chete zvakananga nevanhu chinhu kuti anoongororwa (michina, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, kugadzira), asiwo mupenyu kukurukurirana kwevanhu (kunze chinangwa ezvinhu, sarudzo, panewo Kufambisa boka kumifananidzo uye zvinangwa, kukwanisa kugadzirisa intra-seboka kurwisana). Zvose izvi ndizvo zvinoratidza imwe interpersonal kukurukurirana, rinoda chaiyo ouinjiniya ose-socio mupfungwa ruzivo netsika, izvo anofanira kuwana munguva kudzidziswa.

Life Psychology (sezvo sayenzi mweya) inofanira kubatsira vanhu mazuva ano, pamwe kukura zvemichina rwokugadzira ichishanduka mune socio-mupfungwa uye unhu zvinhu.

Kunyatsogona Human Psychology

Individual - Vamwe vanhu vane yokusafa nemamwe zvinhu (rwevanhu).

Munhu wose anoziva okuti: "Munhu anozvarwa, uye munhu anova." Somuenzaniso, mwana achangoberekwa - ndiye munhu, asi kwete zvakajekeswa mumwe. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka achapiwa akasikwa kumativi, uchamera nawo. Asi pane zvakasiyana mugumisiro: Vana vakarerwa kunze munzanga (vasingazivi mutauro uye kazhinji kugamuchirwa patsika dzemunharaunda), vasingawanzotauri kuwira pasi muchikwata munhu. Kana se munhu vanhu kurarama vegetative upenyu; kwete interoperable (nokuda vaberekwe vakaremara kana yakasiyana mhando kukuvara). Vasiri pachake hanya uye Serial vaurayi, maniacs nezvimwe psycho- uye sociopaths.

Unhu - ndiye dzidzo hwose (maitiro) majini evanhu zvinoreva yevanhu mhando nyika chaiyo sezvo chinoshingaira convert uye ruzivo anogutsa yacho.

Unhu - unhu waro mavambo zvose (mubatanidzwa pachavo uye munhu zvivako chinosiyanisa mumwe munhu kubva neimwe). Kungazviratidza ari chaizvo chero manzwiro, kana kuti pfungwa, kana kuda, kana zvose kamwechete.

Chii profpsihologiya?

Bazi iri kutsva vakashandisa zvepfungwa, izvo inodzidza mifananidzo nokuzivikanwa inotungamirwa mukati yechinangwa yekosi nhungamiro, ari phenomenology pamusoro professionalization, nyanzvi yokuzvitonga specificity, uye zvepfungwa mari izvi.

Anenge munhu wose upenyu mabasa basa nzvimbo inokosha. Nokuberekwa vabereki vake vomwana vava kutanga kufunga nezveremangwana ake apo nokunyatsoongorora rokuona uye zvido.

chikoro vakapedza kudzidza pamberi, sezvo mutemo, pane dambudziko maererano nesananguro wokupupura ramangwana. Zvinosuruvarisa kazhinji masangano inodzidzisa akasarudzwa randomly. Pamusoro okutambirwa vakawanda vechidiki pamusoro dambudziko haina kugadziriswa zvakajeka. Vakawanda mwoyo sarudzo yake kare pamusoro 1 ST gore dzokudzidza vamwe - kutanga basa, uye wechitatu - papera makore basa riri profile. Professional Psychology - imwe indasitiri yave vachidzidza regularities pakugadzirwa vavariro, pakusarudza basa, kugona izvozvo.

chinhu chacho - kubata pamwe munhu basa. Research Centre - profrazvitie unhu, nyanzvi kuzvisarudzira.

Dzinenge nzira ongororo dzinobva paumbwe profpsihologii:

• nyanzvi psychobiography;
• dzinonetsa zviitiko;
• proforientirovannoy graphology;
• Urema professionalism;
• retrospection nyanzvi nematambudziko;
• Kufungisisa nyanzvi deformation uye nevamwe.

Dudziro pfungwa "kururamiswa mupfungwa"

It chinotungamirwa vamwe nepfungwa dzevanhu pezvivako, kuitwa kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kusimudzira zvakakwana munhu, uyewo yaro dzakazara oparesheni.

Izwi iri zvikuru kushandiswa 70s (panguva vanachiremba vakatanga nokushingaira pakuita psychotherapy, sezvinoita mutemo, boka). Nepo kugara uvhure kukurukurirana nyaya panyaya zvichiita kuita zvokurapa vanachiremba (psychotherapy) mabasa ravakanga chokwadi dzakagadzirira nokuda kutanga paumbwe mupfungwa uyewo zvichibvira. Zvinonzi kuramba kuitwa nekusimba. Zvisinei, psychotherapy - kunyanya okurapa. Iye anogona kubata bedzi chete vanhu vane dzidzo yepamusoro zvokurapa. - mupfungwa kururamiswa chiremba anoitisa psychotherapy uye chiremba wepfungwa: Maererano neizvi munhu tacit mutsauko wakatangwa. mibvunzo yose chete, izvo chokuita psychotherapy uye kururamiswa (mupfungwa), uye akazaruka panguva.

Accepted zvinopa mbiri dzinokosha maonero iyi:

1. Full Kuzivikanwa kukurukurwa pamusoro pfungwa. Asi uyu haana kufungwa kuti kururamiswa (zvepfungwa) sezvakarayirwa kumonyanisa chaitwa kwete chete okurapa (matatu dzinonyanya kushanda munzvimbo: psychotherapy, vapore uye psycho-prophylaxis), asiwo dzimwe nzvimbo, somuenzaniso mu pedagogy. Kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunogona kurondwa Zvisaririra ayo.

2. Kururamiswa (zvepfungwa) zvichiitirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko psychoprophylaxis (mumatanho zvose), uye kunyanya panguva kwaizotevera yechipiri ekudzivirira. Asi ichi vanachandagwinyira akavarambidza pamusoro yezvinoreva nzira iri mubvunzo anomiririrwa, saka kutaura, chakagadzirwa: panongova netsinga kutsanangura zvakajeka mashoko akadai mupfungwa kururamiswa, kurapwa, dziviriro, kurapa hazvibviri, nokuti neurosis - chirwere, kuitika rinomutsa (kwete nguva dzose zvinobvira chamber padariro pre-chirwere chirwere uye kurapwa kwacho kazhinji chinosanganisira muzvidzivirire yechipiri).

Uyewo, kuti zvevakomana, mukati ezvinhu vapore kurapwa kwezvirwere vari kuramba revatema kusvika kuti inorangarira kuvapo iri etiopathogenesis evanhu, zvoutachiona uye mupfungwa zvinhu, zvose zvinoda kwokururamisa kurapwa kana kumonyanisa zvakakodzera pezvawakaita. Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo mupfungwa chinhu zvimwe zvirwere sechinoitika etiologic, ake kururamiswa nenyanzvi zvikuru rinobatana mumwe zvinoumba yakadaro kurapwa kwacho, sezvo psychotherapy.

Kuti asimbise urongwa pamwe maererano kuti ukama kukurukurwa pamusoro pfungwa nosology kazhinji hazviiti. Basa mupfungwa zvinhu zviri kuumbwa zviri etiopathogenesis chirwere kunokonzera vamwe wezwi psychotherapeutic nzira nokuda nekugadzirisa mabasa, kuti anotibvumira kuziva nzira mupfungwa kururamiswa uye psychotherapy.

Tikaenzanisa mupfungwa kururamiswa ane mupfungwa kupindira

The mugumisiro - zvakafanana pachena. Kururamiswa (mupfungwa), uyewo mupfungwa kupindira, sechinoitika chinangwa mupfungwa zvazvinoita akaziva munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoitwa nevanhu uye ari kuitwa mafungiro nzira.

Vose anoita basa rakafanana. In vatorwa mabhuku zvakawanda Pfungwa "mupfungwa kupindira", uye ari mudzimba - ". Mupfungwa kururamiswa"

Nzira mupfungwa kururamiswa

Vari siyana, vanogona Classified conditionally, kwakavakirwa yavo chaiyo inokosha nzira:

1. evanhu (zvarakasiya vanotorwa sevanhu nenhungamiro behaviorism: psychotherapy uye mupfungwa kururamiswa chokuita kudiwa uvhure unyanzvi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri murwere maitiro, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana chepfungwa zvirwere takatsunga maladaptive maitiro).

Pano nzira inoshandiswa, izvo zvinogona nehasha Classified muzvikwata zvitatu:

• kontrobuslovlivaniya (akaipa gwanza kusimbisa kubatana pakati mhinduro uye mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira, uye (kana) yokutsiva wayo mutsva mumwe (mu tsika aishandisa zvepfungwa mitoo yakadai ibatanidzo aaiitawo ine zvinonaka kusingafadzi mamiriro ezvinhu kuti murwere kana vakutarisire);
• operant nzira (kushandiswa ezvinhu mibayiro yakanaka, maererano vanachiremba vanorapa chiito);
• nzira inobva maonero sotsiobihevioristov (mharidzo imwe chiremba kupfuura kukodzera muenzaniso maitiro).

2. Basa (kururamiswa chinokosha nekuronga yekudzidza, apo - utariri uye kudzora kwokunze uye mukati basa).

3. cognitivist (hwaro - dzidziso kuti unhu nezvezvisikwa sangano sechinhu chaiwo zvishande zvivako, kushandiswa "pachake Makontakta ', vachibvumira kuisa hypotheses mberi zvakakodzera pamusoro nyika).

4. PSYCHOANALYTIC (rubatsiro panoongororwa kushivirira chavanoziva zvinokonzera zvakakomba nezviitiko anorwadza zviratidzo dzavo nokudzidza).

5. The tsika-humanistic (kwakavakirwa muuzivi existentialism).

6. Gestalt kurapa (kudzoreredzwa chamazuva kwepfungwa dzevanhu).

7. Psychodrama (Modelling muchimiro yemitambo vatambi boka mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinganaka mumwe varwere, uye kunobva chaicho zviitiko hwake kana wake hope nyaya).

8. Body-zvinangwa (kwakavakirwa "Vegetoterapiya" mamiriro W. Reich, "vachiita tsandanyama nadzo", vakazochinja kunobatsira munhu kuti asunungure simba uye zvinoreva kuti zviite kutambudzika kwayo).

9. Psychosynthesis (Sub-unhu hunoita basa rinokosha - vakaparadzana hunhu mukati mumwe munhu, izvo mukufamba yokurapa, murwere asangana uye anodzidza kuvaparadzanisa kubva vavo chaivo "I").

10. Transpersonal (kubatsira murwere kusangana kwake chavanoziva uye akakodzera ruzivo kurarama kuburikidza kushanda "holotropic kufema" nzira).

psychodiagnostics nzira

Ivo ndeinotevera:

1. Blank (pa nyaya ndiyo mibvunzo yakatevedzana nezvaakatonga).
2. Questionnaires Nzira mupfungwa nechirwere (vachibvunza nyaya nemumuromo mibvunzo).
3. Wakajeka (kushandiswa wakadenha bvunzo maitiro kana dudziro zvavo yapera mifananidzo).
4. Design (kushandisa pamusoro nzira).
5. Tisingazvinyeperi-bata nzira mupfungwa diagnosis (vamiririrwe muchimiro dzakasiyana-siyana zvechokwadi zvinhu chakagadziriswa bvunzo mabasa).

Zvinangwa psychocorrection mwana

Senzira National zvepfungwa vari wakasiyiwa mitemo mupfungwa kunzwisisa shanduka mwana sezvo vachishingaira kutanga basa muitiro, iri rakatangwa muna pamwe nomunhu mukuru.

Zvinangwa kuchinja pfungwa dziri yakaumbwa pachishandiswa:

• Optimization kwemarongerwe evanhu mamiriro ezvinhu kuchengetwa pakukura;
• paumbwe zera-mupfungwa idzodzo itsva;
• Kugadzirwa akasiyana siyana vakaona mwana basa raMwari.

Pane mitemo inofanira inodzora Specification pasi kukurukurwa kururamiswa zvinangwa, zvinoti:

1. Vanofanira akagadzira nenzira yakanaka nenzira.
2. kurapwa zvinangwa nepfungwa zvinofanira kuva zvinokwanisika zvakakwana.
3. Ivo hako zvinosanganisira Zvaifungidzirwa kuti kuitika uye ramangwana kukura mwana kuti hurongwa Shanduro correctional zvirongwa.
4. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vana vake mupfungwa kugadziridzwa anopa zvinokosha migumisiro chete pashure refu nguva (mukufamba yokurapa, kuti rakazopera, mwedzi mitanhatu pashure pacho).

The nyanzvi mabasa correctional uye kutanga dzidziso yacho mudzidzisi-wepfungwa akazvitsaurira sangano rinoshanda subgroup, boka uye munhu siyana basa. Psychological kururamiswa uye kwemashoko rwemucheche chimiro mumwe kana mumwe akatsunga zvichienderana zvachiri (kwokuomerwa chinja matambudziko, zera, uye mwero zvokunyama maonero said.).

Chirongwa mupfungwa nokururamiswa kuyaruka vane pfungwa retardation

Education Socio-kwakakodzera maitiro - vavariro inokosha pamusoro correctional pedagogy. Chirongwa mupfungwa nokururamiswa kwemaitiro vana pfungwa retardation iri nyore nokuti kuti aripo nguva simba, wakareruka kukura, kunyanya psychophysiological zvigadziriswe chawo maitiro (kuvhiringidzika-nesarudzo unhu).

Chikonzero kusawirirana pfungwa homeostasis - the chakasimba chepfungwa kukundikana, retardation kuti kukura tsinga. Naizvozvo, kururamisa yokuzvibata - anokosha kuitika mubishi kushanda kuyaruka vane pfungwa retardation. Zvinofanira zvainanga mukuderedza utsinye muvana uye kuroverera mavari ari yakakwana socio-vanotenderwa maitiro.

Akanga mubasa kushandiswa masangano Somuenzaniso, pakati mupfungwa kugadziridzwa "Kutaura nzvimbo dzemhuri tsika." Rinokosha musimboti basa rake - chizvidavirire dhigirii uye nezvimiro kwepfungwa kukura mwana.