Betelgeuse: munhu supernova kuputika

Kunyange zvazvo avhareji yemakore zana renyeredzi pane supernova mumwe chete ari muchadenga chinooneka, pane mapoka enyeredzi anenge mabhiriyoni 100. Over 10 bhiriyoni makore ivepo (kuva chaiwo, pamusoro bhiriyoni 13.7, asi nyeredzi dzakaumbwa mukati wokutanga mashomanana mamiriyoni zana years), maererano Dr. Richard Mushotski Space Flight Centre NASA Goddard, ari muchadenga chinooneka pane bhiriyoni supernovae pagore, kana 30 pasekondi yoga yoga! Aigona kuputika ane supernova pamusoro Betelgeuse, dzvuku hofori Gwara Way, kuti chinotevera?

Kana izvozvo zvikaitika ...

Kuputika nyeredzi akadana Betelgeuse, mumwe chakajeka mudenga, kuti akaenzana rejenaguru, uye kuramba saka rose gore. Wandisa, kuoneka yechando denga pamusoro zvikuru munyika sezvo rakajeka yakaita pfungwa, unogona kuva supernova chero nguva inotevera 100,000 makore.

vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi Most vanodavira kuti nhasi ndechimwe fungidzira zvikonzero nei hatina kukwanisa kuwana upenyu akangwara chiri muChadenga, ndiye chinouraya Migumisiro vomunharaunda supernova kuputika kuti kuparadza zvose upenyu pamamiriro munharaunda renyeredzi.

"Ruoko al-Jawzi"

Red Zirume Betelgeuse, kamwe akakura zvokuti raigona kusvika muchadenga waZeusi, kana vari redu renzou, akanga kuderedzwa hafu, kunyange senyanga sezvo nokusingaperi mumakore gumi apfuura.

Betelgeuse, ane zita rinobva Arabic, ari kunyatsoonekwa mu renyeredzi Orion. Star akapa zita hunhu Michael Keaton muna Beetlejuice firimu uye aiva chizvarwa President Zaphod Beeblebrox wemuTesitamende dzakatevedzana enganonyorwa, "The Hitchhiker kwakaita Guide kuna Galaxy."

Red Hofori inofungidzirwa kuva pfupi, zvakaoma uye dutu upenyu. Kurarama zvikuru miriyoni mashoma makore, vakakurumidza kupisa rehydrogen mafuta uye ufambe kusvika nehelium, carbon nezvimwe zvinhu, dzimwe nguva nezvirwere uye Flushing zvakare.

Betelgeuse: munhu supernova kuputika

nyeredzi iri akatenda kuti kuuya kuguma kwayo kuvapo uye kuona rimwe collapses, izvo pamwe ne kuzvitsinhanisa mumwe Fusion mafuta.

Chikonzero harizivikanwi compression Betelgeuse. Tichifunga zvose zvatinoziva pamusoro mapoka uye zvakasikwa kure, kuchine zvakawanda kuti tine asi kudzidza pamusoro nyeredzi. Unknown kusanganisira chii chinoitika kana tsvuku hofori pedyo kuguma ivepo.

Kana Betelgeuse kuputika kwakaitika uye ikava supernova, zvingava kubvumira vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi kuchengeta Earth uye wefizikisi yaro kuti kudzora izvi. Chinetso ndechokuti hapana anoziva kana zvichaitika. Kunyange kwaiva nerunyerekupe kuti muna 2012 Betelgeuse kuputika chinoitika kana nyeredzi rinoputika, chaizvoizvo havazivi. Izvozvo hazvina kuitika, nokuti ndingangokuvara chiitiko chakadai yakaderera chaizvo. Betelgeuse aigona putika mangwana usiku kana ruoko kusvika makore 100,000.

zvakare kure

To kukonzera irreparable kukuvara Pasi, iro supernova vanofanira ikabuda ari nharaunda pamusoro asingasviki 100 chiedza-makore. It Anogutsa ezvinhu ichi kana Betelgeuse? Kuputika haana kukonzera zvakaipa redu, nekuti nyeredzi inofanira kuva zvizhinji pedyo kupfuura zvino. Kure kune "Maoko al-Jawzi" chiedza-makore anenge 600.

Uyu ndiwo mumwe yakakurumbira nyeredzi dzinopenya. Zviri kagumi ukuru Sun, uye zera racho makore mamiriyoni chete 10. The zvakawanda wandisa nyeredzi, mupfupi kwayo upenyu. Ndokusaka nyanzvi akacherechedza Betelgeuse. Red Zirume kuputika kuchaitika munguva pfupi.

Supersverhnovaya SN2007bi

Mukupera 2009, nyanzvi vakapupurira chinonyanya kuputika nokusingaperi akanyorwa. Supergiant nyeredzi, inova kukura mazana maviri nguva kupfuura Sun, rakaparadzwa zvachose kwakanga kwatangwa yenyukireya maitiro, kunokonzerwa kugadzirwa antimatter, mhaka izvo zvaizoitawo aiva wegamma nemwaranzi. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso chii chingaitika panguva dhirika Betelgeize. Kuputika aigona kuonekwa kwemwedzi inoverengeka, nokuti yakakanda gore radioactive zvinhu kupfuura ka50 kukura zuva uye inongorira sokupenya fission zvenyukireya, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mapoka enyeredzi kure.

Supersverhnovaya SN2007bi muenzaniso yokuparara ane "mbiri-kusagadzikana". chitarisiko Its zvakafanana kuputika mabhomba bhomba, kukonzerwa compression kuti plutonium. Kana kukura anenge mana megayottagrammov (ichi-matatu nezviviri razero) Nyeredzi hofori inoitwa ne rinokweva pokuwa kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu wegamma mwaranzi. Inopisa paro, dzakanga simba pamusoro wegamma-mwaranzi, asi kana vane zvakawandisa simba, kuti vanokwanisa achipfuura atomu, nokusika akachena simba kubva Erekitironi-positron yegwara nyaya uye antimatter. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvose chinoumba nyeredzi anoita semhare PARTICIPLE akisarareta.

Fusion bhomba saizi 11 Suns

Antimatter anotsakatisa rayo zvakashandurwa, sezvo ruchigona nayo, asi dambudziko iri kuti kumhanya kuputika, iyo, kunyange yakakwirira zvikuru, ndinosika yakaoma kunonoka pakasikwa wegamma-kumanikidzwa, wakabata nyeredzi kubva collapsing. Dzokunze akaturikidzana sag, compressing chinoumba uye kurera tembiricha kwayo. Izvi zvinowedzera mukana wokuti uwane simba wegamma mwaranzi, kusika antimatter, uye pakarepo nyeredzi yose anova reactor chin'a yenyukireya, akakura kupfuura redu fungidziro. All yenyukireya Musimboti detonates pakarepo, somunhu yenyukireya bhomba, mukanyiwa izvo akapfuudza kwete chete ukuru zuva - zviri yakakura kupfuura vakawanda suns 11.

Rinoputika zvose. No gomba dema kana Nyuturoni nyeredzi, hapana anoramba asi kuwedzera gore mwaranzi inopisa uye itsva chinhu apo kamwe chainyanya hombe chinhu, izvo zvinoita chete pasina kuti kwete kuputsa nzvimbo. Kuputika kunokonzera maitiro pamwero, achishandura zvinhu kupinda itsva radioactive okunze.

Star Killer

Vamwe isingawanzowanikwi nyeredzi - vaurayi chaiye rechi11 mhando - vari hypernovae, manyuko zvinouraya wegamma-ray dzinokaroparuka (GRB). Ichienzaniswa Betelgeuse kuputika chinhu chakadaro achasunungura 1000 nguva yakawanda nesimba rakawanda. Concrete uchapupu GRB-muenzaniso akaonekwa 2003.

Chaioneka yakafanira muchidimbu kuti "muvakidzani" dzokupisa, nzvimbo yaiva pakutsvaga vanoongorora nyeredzi Via Network Positioning GRB (Amiga). March 29, 2003 kwakaita akasvika pedyo yakakwana zvinotevera zvakawanika vakanga inokosha pakugadzirisa chakavanzika wegamma-ray watsemuka. The Manyiminya chakarondedzera ari afterglow yave mungashandisa SN1998bw. Mukuwedzera, Kuongorora X-ray satellites zvakaratidza chete unhu chikabviswa - kuvapo "kushamiswa" uye "nharo huru" okisijeni, riri aripo ari supernova. Saka, vanoongorora nyeredzi vakakwanisa kuziva kuti "afterglow" tichishandisa pedyo GRB chiri chiedza-makore "chete" maviri bhiriyoni kubva Earth, nowenyika imwe supernova.

Hazvizivikanwi kuti hypernova mumwe nechokuita GRB. Zvisinei, maererano nyanzvi yakafungidzira kuti chete imwe kubva 100,000 supernovae unobereka hypernova. Zviri pamusoro mumwe wegamma-ray dzinokaroparuka pazuva iri kuchengetwa chokwadi.

Kuti anenge Zvechokwadi yekudyidzana ndechokuti chinoumba ani paChikoro paumbwe hypernova, ane murwi yakakwana kuumba munhu mutema gomba pane Nyuturoni nyeredzi. Saka, mumwe nomumwe akacherechedza GRB ari "kuchema" ari achangoberekwa dema buri.

The chena pfupi munyika T Compass

Masayendisiti dzinobvumirana kuti itsva zvaanorumbidza T Compass muna Compass renyeredzi uchishandisa International Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite zvinoratidza kuti chena pfupi iri chikamu binary ino uye akabvisa pa 3260 makore chiedza kubva Earth iri pedyo zvikuru yapfuura yera 6,000 chiedza-makore.

A chena pfupi iri idzva inodzokororwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yenyukireya nokuputika kwedzimwe nyeredzi kuitika makore 20 ose. The kuvazivisa zviitiko zvikuru ichangobva vaiva 1967, 1944, 1920, 1902 uye 1890 azvaitwa. Kuputika matsva aya, kwete supernova musaparadza, uye hatina zvainoita Earth. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi havazivi nei penguva pakati panomuka yawedzera.

Masayendisiti anodavira kuputika dzinokonzerwa kuwedzera idzva uremu kana zvipfupi nyeredzi anosarudza hydrogen-mupfumi gasi kubva shamwari yaro. Paaizosvika mumwe kurema muganhu ndiyo nokupenya chitsva. Unknown, vakawedzera kana ungaderedza uremu panguva kupomba kutenderera uye kuputika, asi kana wasvika inonzi Chandrasekhar muganhu, zvichava dwarf supernova mhando 1a. Panyaya iyi, iyo pfupi zvichaita vanodzokera uye simba isipi, izvo zvichaguma kuparadza rakwo. Izvi mhando supernova anosunungura zvakawanda miriyoni 10 nguva simba pane itsva.

The simba chiuru suns

The zvaanorumbidza of chena zvipfupi panguva panomuka itsva dzinoti ayo vakawanda kunowedzera, uye mashoko ari teresikopu "Hubble" zvinhu vakadzingwa panguva yapfuura kuputika, vachisimbisa maonero ichi. Models vanofungidzira kuti mukanyiwa yevachena pfupi anogona kusvika Chandrasekhar usanyanyoratidza iri kumativi 10 miriyoni makore zvichidzika.

Maererano masayendisiti, kuti supernova kuchaita kuti wegamma nemwaranzi, nesimba iro yakaenzana 1,000 mawa kwezuva hadzitani. Hazvina ngozi kupfuura nokuputika Betelgeuse. Kana totaura wegamma mwaranzi pasi, izvozvo vanotyisidzira kugadzirwa senitrogen oxides, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza uye zvichida kuparadza ozone rukoko. A supernova senyanga sezvo zvose dzimwe nyeredzi hweGwara Way pamwe chete. Mumwe nyanzvi, Dr Edward reSioni kubva Villanova University, anoti kuti rinogona putika munguva pfupi iri nguva pakafunuka akashandiswa vanoongorora nyeredzi uye Vanodzidza, asi nokuda munhu yemberi iri kure.

maonero anosiyana

Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanodavira kuti supernovae pane chinhambwe zvishoma pane 100 chiedza-makore Earth kwaizova nengozi, asi nemigumisiro vanoramba kujeka uye achavaponesa sei simba kuputika achava. Boka vaongorori anoti yatanga kunge zvikuru pedyo uye nesimba kupfuura nokuputika Betelgeuse. Kana totaura kuti, hazvina kuzivikanwa, asi Nyika ichaparadzwa zvakakomba. Zvisinei, vamwe vaongorori akadai Alex Filippenko paUniversity of California vari Berkeley, nyanzvi supernovae, vanoshingaira mapoka enyeredzi, dema mumakomba, wegamma-ray watsemuka, uye kuwedzera zvakasikwa, haribvumirani nepfungwa Masvomhu uye vanodavira kuti yatanga, kana zvinoitika, hazvingaiti nyika kundikuvadza .