Bhuku NdiTolstoy vake. Childhood dzidzo pavapenyu rokusika munyori

NdiTolstoy bhuku rinozivikanwa kune vakadzidza munhu pasi pose. zvichida Leo ndiye Russian munyori wakakurumbira zvikuru uye anofunga. The masere ake basa "Hondo uye Rugare" rimwe terrifies mumwe rwaro, vamwe kuyemura kudzama zvizere. Asi ichi ndechimwe chinhu chaiwo kuti yakakodzera ndokwevakavimbika yose nyika pemisoro yakanakisisa mabasa. Kunyange apo zibhuku roupenyu vakaita kwaari vakaziva tenzi mabhuku Russian. basa rake chachinja kukura realism sezvo sangano, uyewo European Humanism.

Childhood uye Education

Lev Nikolaevich NdiTolstoy ndiye mumiririri ane mhuri wekare vaikudzwa. Vakauya kubva shamwari Petra Velikogo. Leo NdiTolstoy akaberekwa muna 1828 mu munda wacho Crown kuburikidza rwaamai mutsetse - Yasnaya Polyana. Pakafa vabereki ramangwana dzidzo munyori uye nehama dzake pakutanga aiva kure hama Yergolsky, uye ipapo, hanzvadzi yababa vake, Osten-Sacken. Zviri pakupedzisira muna Kazan muduku Loew kutanga nezvazvo tinofanira kuzvidzora-ani. mabhuku ose ramangwana NdiTolstoy kuti hazvo kuratidza dingindira iri. Pakutanga kudzidzisa Lva Tolstogo vakakokwawo German Roselman. Akanga hunhu hwakanaka uye zvikuru kwazvo mukomana. Munyaya, rakanyorwa iyoyo NdiTolstoy ( "Childhood"), iye wairatidza mudzidzisi wake aimbova muchimiro Karl Ivanovich. Kumukomana akanga achiparidza dzidzo Roselmana wokuFrance Saint-Thomas (Saint Jerome kuti "mukomana"). Kufanana nehama dzake nhatu, NdiTolstoy akadzidza paYunivhesiti Kazan. Mugore rokutanga akapotsa haana kuita sainzi, uye chete akatanga kufarira mabasa Montesquieu.

Yokutanga mabhuku zvinofadza

Muna 1847, apo kubatwa mu kuchipatara, Leo NdiTolstoy akatanga kuchengeta dhayari. Haana kurega basa iri kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu. Mairi, iye, sezvo Benjamin Franklin akazvigadza zvinangwa uye zvinangwa kuzvidzora kukura, akaona nezvatisina, kuongorora pfungwa dzavo uye zviito. Haana kudzokera kuna University. Ugopfiga kadhi kurasikirwa muMoscow akamanikidza Leo kuti abatane muchiuto. Apfuudza bvunzo, munyori ramangwana akapinda kadheti muna Starogladovskaya Cossack musha. Kubva ipapo akatanga akaenda wedzero revatungamiriri magazini "Contemporary" ake basa yokutanga - autobiographical yokufungidzira "Childhood". Kana hazvitombobvumidzwi, ipapo Ungangove, mamwe mabhuku NdiTolstoy haana vakasvika chiedza. Aiitawo skirmishes dzakawanda pamwe makomo, uye ipapo kudzivirira Sevastopol. Muna 1965, NdiTolstoy akasiya basa rechiuto. Akanyora "Hondo uye Rugare" uye "Anna Karenina." Most NdiTolstoy aifarira munhu kukura, mukana tsika dzayo zvakakwana.

"Hondo uye Rugare"

Basa iri yakakurumbira basa munyori akanga pakurukurwa basa iri yokufungidzira "The Decembrists". Kwaari, akadzokera kazhinji muupenyu hwake, asi haana akapedza. Kufanana nemamwe mabhuku ose NdiTolstoy kuti "Hondo uye Rugare" - imwe itsva pamusoro tsika ikure munhu. Iri rakasiyana chakajairika mumabhuku nyika. Vakawanda raimiririra strata vose Russian munzanga, akasiyana-siyana kutaurwa uye vemazera pamusoro pakanyorwa Napoleonic hondo muna 1805-1812, ukuwo. "Hondo uye Rugare" - mwana kufarira zviri munyori, korona ake okusika. In basa iri yose yairatidza shasha pamusoro Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Turera of multivolume yokufungidzira wokutanga yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Russian Gazette" muna 1865, izvo kamwe kwazvo noushamwari. In ichi pamwero mukuru basa chainyatsoratidza muuzivi NdiTolstoy: "Cool nhoroondo dzinokanganisa - ichi haisi nyaya mumwe murume maoko, uye mugumisiro mushandirapamwe."

"Anna Karenina"

NdiTolstoy kamwe akatsanangura "Hondo uye Rugare" se "bhuku kare." "Anna Karenina" pakutanga pamuviri sezvo zvinobikwa munyori woupenyu ano. Uye hakuna munhau. Asi zvinoratidza yevanhu mweya chaiyo uye ayo kukura. In nganonyorwa ichi, hapana mutambo. apedza zvose panzvimbo imwe rakatanga, kureva pamusoro njanji. Kunyange munzira kuenda kuMoscow nokuti mukoma wake kuyananiswa, Anna anodzidza pamusoro Count Vronsky. muvakidzani wake pamusoro coupe ndiye mai vake. All zvina anowanikwa pachikuva uye kuwana kuti pasi mavhiri rwacho akauraya nharirire. Ichi "akaipa chiratidzo" nyevero pakuparadzwa kwava pedyo mhuri. The inosuruvarisa rudo akaroora Karenina uye Vronsky rinosiyaniswa upenyu hwemhuri hunofadza Katie Shtcherbatskaya uye pedyo vanhu Konstantina Lovina. ari nganonyorwa raiva 1875 mu "Russian Gazette" yakatanga kubudiswa.

Mabasa NdiTolstoy vari yaizivikanwa kwete chete munyika post-Soviet, asiwo munyika. Verengazve navo nerudo uye mumwe nguva akashamiswa kuwana chinhu chitsva, imwe duku akadzama, izvo vachambokanganwa kukosha uye anopa zvakasiyana. Naizvozvo, Lev Nikolaevich NdiTolstoy - a shasha wokuRussia mabhuku ane mabhuku anokosha nguva dzose.