Mano, vanobatanidzwa processor: rondedzero mabasa

Nhasi, ari mudzimba ruzhinji rwevagari dzakabudirira vane makombiyuta akawanda uyewo mapiritsi uye dzimwe Mobile namano. The "mwoyo" pakati kana mumwe processor (CPU kana CPU). Ane kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Kuti tinzwisise kuti PC, unofanira kuziva kuti chikamu processor.

Purpose uye mabasa

Tisati kuongorora namano kuti vari chikamu CPU, unofanira kuziva chii kuti. Saka CPU - musimboti mudziyo PC. Kugadzwa ake - ndiko:

• kudzora kushanda kombiyuta nokutevera kupiwa chirongwa;
• kuita Uropi kushandiswa.

Mano, dziri processor

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko CPU chinokosha IC chip.

Mano, vanobatanidzwa processor - ndiko:

• kunyoresa;
• cache;
• uye date bhazi kero;
• ALU (svomhu pfungwa chikwata);
• masvomhu coprocessor.

nyoresa

misa iyi ndangariro masero kuti vanoumba Ultra-kutsanya ndangariro mukati CPU. Rinoshandiswa roga uye hakusi kuwanikwa programmers. Memory vanokwanisa chete mashomanana zana bytes.

CPU evoruzhinji vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: mukuru chinangwa uye chinokosha.

Zvenhoroondo mhando 1 anoshandiswa kana akaurayiwa kushanda kufunga uye svomhu-mhando kuvhiyiwa kana mamwe murayiridzo unobatsira, akadai SSE, MMX, uye zvichingodaro.

The zvenhoroondo rechipiri mhando ine maitiro Data kunodiwa kuti nokushanda processor. Izvi zvinosanganisira masimba zvenhoroondo, maitiro kero, debugging uye zvichingodaro. Access kwavari iri zvachose inodzorwa.

Uyezve, vakadaro mano chokuita chirongwa yemabhuku yaichengeta Kero mirayiridzo kushandisa CPU vacharamba inotevera ichitanga kushanda.

cache ndangariro

Mano, dziri processor, muri zvakasiyana-siyana. Idzi dzinosanganisira cache. Chinhu scratchpad. Chinangwa kushandiswa kwayo - rikurumidze PC yenyu. Kuti aite izvi, ari CPU kuyeuka mapindiro ari kutanga zvazvakaipira, kana akakumbira mashoko ari cache akachengetwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, enzanisa kero muchaparadzwa rwakakurudzira nemararamiro ose cache Tag, izvo zvinogona kuchengetwa humboo. Mitambo the cache mutsetse Tag anonzi nokurova (cache corners). In nevakomana nyaya yakatarwa cache Miss. Cache raparadza anobvumira processor kuti pakarepo kubudisa kuverenga kana kunyora mashoko zvinoenderana vachiwirirana chipepa. Cache kunyatsoshanda chiyero nokuda yasarudzwa algorithm (chirongwa) ndiyo nhamba iri nhamba udavshihsya cache yakarova kuti uwandu zvikumbiro kuna processor ndangariro, inonzi yavose sezvavakatarirwa results.

ALU

Kunyange zvazvo vamwe mano vanobatanidzwa processor nokuzvidya ndangariro wayo, ALU chinokosha mubatanidzwa redunhu zvinhu pasina pachake ndangariro. Chinangwa charo kuti pave inokosha kushanda date kugadzira:

• 2 anogamuchira chiyamuro operand 2 (zviri remazita 2 nezvakadaro.);
• zvinowanisa uye outputs nokushanda mugumisiro.

Inoitwa mukuita kutaridza nyore svomhu remapazi (Ao), rakakamurwa 3 huru mumapoka: pfungwa, svomhu uye mashandiro ari matomu. Se - a date kubudiswa nzira (kubvisa, Uyezve, chokuwanziridza kana kupesana), mibvunzo uye mugumisiro inomiririra nhamba. Ivo waisiyana musoro mashandiro. Vari vakanzwisisa nzira yokuita kuvaka mashoko akaoma (AND, KWETE, OR).

Svomhu pfungwa chikwata ine chiremera uye nokudzora pfungwa pamwe semvumbi. It unoshanda maererano Codes of remapazi anoitwa pamusoro variables kuti inoiswa evoruzhinji.

kero uye date bhazi

mano ava chikamu processor, vari chine conductors. Chokutanga yezvizvi aiendeswa nokupfuuridzirwa ndangariro unozvitaura kune izvo kutumira mashoko. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo riri inoparadzirwa 1 wedzeredzei. It unoenderana imwe digit yacho kero. Kuwedzera conductors inoshandiswa kuumba kero, runoita kuti tara masero mamwe. Ikakuruma mitsetse havatsananguri kunonyanyisa uwandu ndangariro izvo zvinogona addressable parutivi processor.

Kana date bhazi kufananidzwa mugwagwa uye kufunga kukwanisa dzaro nhamba Lanes, ipapo kero bhazi chokuita vakaverengwa mumigwagwa kana dzimba. Kuwanda mitsetse yacho zvakaenzana nokuwanda digits (vatambi) panzvimbo yeimba. Saka, kana unogona kuva anopfuura maviri grade digits, nhamba akaronga pariri mudzimba imba nhamba paneimwewo mumugwagwa haasi anopfuura 100 (m. E. 102). Apo 3-digit kuwanda zvichibvira kero ichiwedzerwa kusvika 103.

Bus kero uye mashoko zviri akazvimirira, uye chipset Developers vanosarudza ikakuruma yavo pachako uri woga. Panguva iyoyo kupfuura mashoko bhazi yakawanda matomu, zvikuru kwavari uye kero bhazi. Kukwanisa kwavo - nechiidzo zvimwe processor nezvaanogona. Kunyanya, nekugona processor bhazi ari mashoko Exchange Data kwatemwa nazvo, uye kero mutsetse ikakuruma kunoratidza ndangariro, iro rinogona kushanda.

masvomhu coprocessor

Kuramba kuongorora kuti chikamu kombiyuta yacho CPU, zvinokosha kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro mudziyo uyu. Mwari akaronga kuti akudziridze CPU zvinhu uye nechokwadi functionality waro module anonzi zvinoyangarara-pfungwa processors kuti havana revatema module.

Math coprocessor haazi pakati fanira pezvokuvamba PC, uye iwe unogona kupa naro. Kare, vaburitsi zhinji uye akagamuchira maererano nezvavanofunga youpfumi.

Zvisinei, kugadzirisa matambudziko kuti zvinoda kuita masvomhu zhinji (nokuti zvesayenzi kana injiniya Masvomhu), aifanira kugadzirisa mubvunzo kuwedzera PC unongotaura.

Kana vasati yemasvomhu coprocessor modules vari yakaiswa pamusoro motherboard sezvo ari oga Chip, vemazuva hrs kushandisa mudziyo uyu pamanyorerwo ichi hachisi kunodiwa, sezvo zvakanga pakutanga yakavakwa kupinda CPU.

Other PC mano

Personal kombiyuta - iri kunzwisisa uye zvakanaka kushanda hurongwa.

All zvinogoneka namano kuti vanoumba kombiyuta mazita ari mazwi mashoma hazvibviri.

Kuwedzera processor, iyo PC anosanganisirawo:

• mumwe motherboard ane connector unobva CPU;
• dzakaoma Zvifambiso uye floppy dhisiki Zvifambiso ;
• simba zvitengeswa;
• RAM;
• CD Zvifambiso uye DVD-Zvifambiso;
• kubatana (zvengarava) okuwedzera mano, uye zvichingodaro.

Uyezve siyana peripheral mano, yakadai se:

• kombiyuta mbeva;
• kiibhodhi;
• maikorofoni;
• vakurukuri uye zvichingodaro.

Zvino kuti munoziva kuti zvose zvinobvira namano kuti vari chikamu kombiyuta - ndiko chikamu hwakaoma kunzwisisa, inotongwa processor. basa rayo hazvigoni dzakanaka, sezvo basa PC pakuti zvarakanga inoshanda. Panguva iyoyo, nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti mumakumi emakore kwemashoko processors kuuya vanosangana kuchinja. Izvi imhaka yokuti muitiro achava zvisingachashandi, kwakatsiva zvatinosiita quantum kombiyuta achauya, zvoutachiona uye zvichingodaro. Computers.