Biathlon: nhoroondo uye kukura

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira yechando mutambo ndiyo biathlon. Nhoroondo yacho chidzoke uye kukura zvave zvakaoma. Asi ikozvino mutambo uyu pane vakawanda vachivakuza.

Nyaya

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza uye zvinofadza yemitambo munguva yechando ichaongororwa kuva biathlon, nhoroondo panowanikwa riri muupenyu hwezuva nezuva yekare vanhu North. Vakashandisa skis kuti kuvhima muchando. Zvinogona kunzi, uye aiva biathlon wokutanga.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa dzekare biathlon sezvo mutambo ane anenge mazana maviri namakumi mashanu nemakore. Tanga yako anotora kuNorway, apo vepo pamuganhu varindi muna 1767 riri pamuganhu Sweden akaronga makwikwi ari kupfura dzimwe nhovo huru pane imwe the wedzinza kubva mugomo.

Zvisinei, mutambo wenyika biathlon kukura uye kuparadzira rakanga chete pakutanga ramakumi remakore. Asi zvasvika nemamwe matambudziko.

Kokutanga ari maviri remakore rapfuura iri pamwero mukuru zviitiko akabata mitambo, rakafanana biathlon. Nhoroondo Olympic Games kuti akatora France, anotaura nezve makwikwi anonzi "patrol rudzi." Asi nokukurumidza mutambo kwakakundikana. Panguva Olympic Games muna 1948 chirongwa akayambuka yacho biathlon, mitemo yacho yemakwikwi panguva iyoyo yakanga isati kwezvipimo.

Asi ari vamakumi mashanu, kuchiri akatenderwa kuva yoga mutambo sezvo chikamu pentathlon. Kubvira muna 1992, biathlon anosiiwa ari pentathlon. International Biathlon Union, iro nhasi ine munyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu, rakavambwa muna 1993.

Game mitemo uye midziyo

Munguva klassiske biathlon, zvinotevera nemitemo midziyo:

• Upamhi skis vanofanira kuva masendimita anenge mana.
• The kunonyanyisa Kureba the haisi shoma.
• Kurambidzwa ose kuvandudzwa michina.
• Unogona kushandisa state Matanda kusiyanisa urefu uye nesimba kusunda.
• Kana uchityaira pfuti iri seri mutambi.
• Regai kushandisa chombo zvokuzvisarudzira.
• Caliber pfuti - 5.6 mm.
• The pfuti vaishandisa kwakajairika shure kuona.

Under yaivapo mitemo, kupfura zvaitwa kubvira chinhambwe mashanu mamita. The chipfuro rinomiririrwa sechinhu cook ine madenderedzwa shanu rikasviba ine dhayamita gumi nerimwe nehafu masendimita.

Kana vachiridzira munhu nomuuyo denderedzwa pedyo vharafu chinoita kuti zvibvire kuti pakarepo uone mugumisiro.

Mitemo vari marudzi maviri vachipfura kurwisa vanozivikanwa:

• Standing.
• Kunyepa.

Kana vachiridzira anonzi zvinobudirira imire kupinda dema denderedzwa, uye wechipiri vachiridzira rikurumidze - kuti denderedzwa rwomukati kuti ane dhayamita ose masendimita mana nehafu.

Munzira, kufamba vatambi vane akawanda moto mitsetse, imwe neimwe unopirwa vaitenderera shanu.

Types vemarudzi ari chaiwo biathlon

Classic biathlon nhasi kunosanganisira mhando vemarudzi nhanhatu:

• Ataure rudzi - boka mutambo, rine zvikamu zvitatu kana zvina. Mutambi, akamhanya nyika yake nzira, inopfuura kuti Baton unotevera mutambi. Kureba nzira - nomwe nehafu makiromita nevanhu uye matanhatu - vakadzi. Padanho rimwe nerimwe pane mbiri kupfura nzvimbo. The kupfura chokutanga rinoitwa munyika supine chinzvimbo, wechipiri - vakamira.
• Mixed ataure. Zvinonzi akapindwa vatambi nevaranda. Women vanomhanya nezuva rokutanga uye rechipiri chikamu Zara pamusoro makiromita varume pamusoro rwechitatu norwechina nhanhatu - makiromita manomwe. Ataure anotanga rimwe nguva kutanga vatambi. Nhengo, akapedza mudariro rudzi, inopfuura kuti rinotevera chikwata nhengo. Pakutanga, mugwagwa anomhanya nomukadzi, ipapo - varume. The vachiridzira chokutanga rinoitwa munyika supine nechinzvimbo, wechipiri - vakamira.
• Yokungoi- ta bara - zviri rudzi maviri pfungwa nokuda kupfura, iyo inoshandisa penguva kutanga nevanhu makiromita gumi, nokuti vakadzi - nomwe nehafu makiromita. Nhangemutange chinotanga kutanga pa zvikamu mumasekonzi matatu kuti miniti imwe. The chinhambwe nhangemutange rine pamakumbo matatu chete kureba. Kumhanya kuburikidza wokutanga rwakapoteredza, vatambi dzinoita kupfura apo akarara pasi, vachimhanya yechipiri kumativi - akamiswa. Vatambi vane mukana wokusarudza ari kupfura nzvimbo kupfura. Kana iwe kurasikirwa zvakananga vakasununguka denderedzwa akaenzana makubhiti zana namakumi mashanu.
• Individual rudzi - the chaiwo nhangemutange umo varume anodarika chinhambwe maviri, uye vakadzi - panguva gumi neshanu makiromita, nevana pfungwa huru. Vatambi kutanga zvikamu mumasekonzi matatu kuti miniti imwe. Kana iwe kurasikirwa mumwe mutongo miniti akawedzera zvachose nguva kufamba biathlete rudzi.

• Vachitsvaka - rudzi pamwe miganhu mana umo varume vanomhanya kuti makiromita gumi nehafu kure, uye vakadzi - gumi. Pedzai kutsvaka rudzi pakupera yacho yokungoi- ta bara rudzi.
• Race ane vakawanda kutanga - murume anodarika chinhambwe gumi vakadzi - gumi nehafu makiromita. Nhangemutange anotanga panguva iyoyo kuti vakwikwidzi zvose. Vaipfura panguva kupfura siyana iri kuitwa hurongwa vasvike vatambi panguva kupfura siyana. Kana iwe kurasikirwa zvakananga vakasununguka denderedzwa akaenzana makubhiti zana namakumi mashanu.

siyana biathlon

Biathlon nhasi ane mhando dzakawanda kuwedzera chekare uye nzira midziyo yaishandiswa zvombo uye sangano. The kupfuura zvakapararira mhando zvinotevera akamuka munyika yemitambo tsika:

• Summer - zviri biathlon makwikwi mitemo izvo zvakafanana muna Classic, asi pachinzvimbo skis vachishandisa chinotenderera skis kana bikes.
• Archer - Biathlon (Nhoroondo kwakabva sezvo mutambo rakatanga muna 1975 mu France) - rudzi pamusoro skis pamwe kubaya.
• Snowshoe. Kana ukashandisa shanduro iyi biathlon rudzi pamusoro snowshoes.
• Hunting. Kana rinoshandiswa kunovhima nepfuti uye skis.

Kuparadzana Biathlon zera

vatambi vose mubasa biathlon makwikwi akakamurwa:

• Varume nevakadzi - biathlon nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe makore kana vakura.
• Juniors - avo vane makore kubvira nemapfumbamwe makore makumi maviri nerimwe chete.
• Vakomana nevasikana - vatambi vasati dzikava nemapfumbamwe.

kupatsanura

Biathlon makwikwi inoitwa vaviri pachiimbwa nedzimwe anoranga, uyewo voga. Independent biathlon makwikwi vakakamurwa mumukombe uye nekubkovy. Kunze zviri kuitwa siyana vezvokutengeserana biathlon makwikwi.

Nokudaro, mhando Biathlon makwikwi:

• Cups. It anonzi anokosha World Cup uye Open European Cup. Uyewo pane dzakawanda chechetere ngachipiwe Cups North neSouth America uye Asia. Uyezve, pane dzakawanda, National nemikombe.
• Nekubkovy makwikwi. The yakakurumbira machisi ichaongororwa nekubkovy Biathlon World Championships. Next kukosha ndiyo hayo Championships European uye Asian Championships, uye North neSouth America. Panguva senyika munyika dzakawanda dziri Aiitisawo Championships siyana.
• Commercial biathlon. makwikwi ichi ane chinangwa chaicho - kukwezva vakawanda vaoni. Maererano chiitiko ichi vanokokwa vakawanda nyeredzi biathlon kubva kunyika dzakasiyana, vemarudzi uye mitemo pachavo vari kuchinja pasi pamanyorerwo ari makwikwi.

Wokutanga budiriro

Biathlon Champions kwaitanga mudungwe yavo kwokukunda ari sixties remakore rapfuura. The wokutanga shasha Olympic mukuranga ichi rava mumiririri Sweden K. Lestander, uye wokutanga nyika shasha aiva Swede A. Wiklund. Akava German Fa Ulrich muna 1978, Kumukundi the World Cup wokutanga.

Muna 1984 paGungano World Cup Biathlon Women Soviet mutambi V. Chernyshov rekutanga mhedziso nyika shasha.

kukurumbira

Modern biathlon, vane nhoroondo akatanga kuchamhembe Europe, rapararira pasi pose. nyika pamusoro mana vaiitawo makwikwi ari mutambo, asi mukurumbira mukuru izvozvo Anonakidzwa muEastern Central Europe, muna Russian Federation. Wandei kufarira biathlon kuratidza kunyika North America uye China.