"Bison" - hovercraft. Small kumhara hovercraft chirongwa 12322

Marines - rinokosha wamapoka mhando. Vanofanira kuita kumhara pamusoro kugadzirira nzvimbo nemhenderekedzo, apo pasina munhu ari kumirira. Zvinhu kuti pave kukunda, refu pamabhuku. Izvi kushamiswa, kumhanya pakukurukura kunzvimbo kumhara, namano uye kukwanisa kuwana moto rutsigiro simba. Sezvo kutonga, kumhara rinoitwa nokushandiswa kumhara raanoziva vakapakata ramps, kana achishandisa upiyona webasa. Asi Russian Zvikepe vane unyanzvi nzira, iyo havana mamwe mauto munyika. chirongwa ngarava "Zubr" haagoni chete kuita kumhara, asi kufamba panyika, pasinei yezvakaita ivhu, kutyaira moto uye kuparadzira kutya pakati muvengi.

The kuedza kutanga

Chakavanzika nokukurumidza uye-Nzvimbo zvose hakutauriki chepakutanga kwadzinoita zvifambiso. The propellers simba kusika pasi mudziyo overpressure, uye yaita chando pane akafanorongerwa nekukwirira. Pfungwa yakatanga mukupera maviri, Soviet injiniya Levkova, aishanda pahofisi Novocherkassk shipyard. Vakavaka kumumvuri, ainzi pashure munyori chirongwa "Levkov-1" (N-1), asi, pasinei pachena tariro, akauya "kwete kudare." In pakati yechipiri yezana thirties kusimbisa asi musi zvetsika nemauto zvinoreva, uye spores vaiva pakati "vemabhiza" uye "kwematangi." Ona Pazvinhu pfungwa zvakanga hapana. Basa akatendeuka, uye akarangarira navo chete vari 50s, kana ungwaru Soviet vakadzidza kumadokero kukura zvakafanana.

Design "Diamond" Bureau akarayira pakusikwa chaiyo kumhara ndege. Tonnage warships (battleships, sevatsvaki vemapuranga) Saka racherwa chinyorwa simbi, uye hutungamiri munyika mukutarisana N. S. Hruscheva aifarira kujairika zvirongwa, echimurenga uye zvakazonaka. Uye vakadaro aiva dangwe "Almaz" - "materu" ari symbiosis pamusoro amphibians uye zvikepe vakasiya dhoku uye mangwanani sixties. Asati cocking Marine mudziyo iri yaiita kuti kumhara pfungwa ane achitaura chitima nokukurumidza (90 km / h). A zvakananga wechizvarwa chishamiso ichi ruzivo aiva "Zubr" hovercraft.

Alternative Dzidziso kumhara

Motokari ane mavhiri kana yakawana chassis, zvinogona unozununguswa nyika uye kukunda zvipingamupinyi akaoma, asi zvipingamupinyi dzakakwirira Range ishoma. Pane warrior Hardware ringaita kuyangarara, asi kutumirwa unhu hwavo kazhinji haana dzinoenderana pfungwa "chikepe", ivo anononoka-uchifamba uye vashoma vasingabatsiri pamukova kumahombekombe. Kune warships, chinangwa chinokosha, nokuti zvekufambisa uye kumhara, sorutivi izvo zvinogona warrior motokari dzakawanda uye manpower. zvikepe izvi vane payakaipira, ivo anodzivirira nemhaka anonoke kubvongodzwa, nokuti tibudirire mabasa kuhondo mabasa zvavanoda yakakodzera bhengi. 14 chete% kuti mahombekombe akakodzera achiwana pamwe MDC (chidimbu zvinoreva duku kumhara chikepe) dewatering mhando kunyatsotevera kusvika uye murwere yokutanga.

Pane imwe pfungwa mune emakore achangopfuura. Izvi kumhara-jengachenga. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti huru chikepe iri kure nemhenderekedzo, uye hurukuro warrior motokari kuitwa kuzvidzora propelled magwa inokosha. Zviri vagadzirira yakadaro anodonha neherikoputa kirasi "Mistral". Wakadyarwa saizvozvi anogona Chokwadi, chete munyika zvakakwana munyika kutonga, mhepo uye mvura. Chii chichaitika nemauto kana anokumhan'arira ane zvinobudirira nzira Kukunda (romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kudzivirira mugadziriro Somuenzaniso), unogona kufungidzira nyore. Anofanira kushumira zvokudya hove.

Kumhara raanoziva "Zubr" anokurumidza, haana kugara pamahombekombe, ayo firepower pacharwo kutyisidzira muvengi dzokuzvidzivirira. Kazhinji, ndizvo anenge dzakanakira nzira kumhara. Inogona caterers kuti 78 muzana munyika zvomumvura uye yomugungwa yepamhenderekedzo.

Housing

Kuvakwa zvemberi zvomumvura kumhara zvivako munyika kwakavakirwa kugadzirwa uye tsvakurudzo chawo, akasikwa CB "Almaz". Mukupera manonwe kuti vavaki vengarava Soviet neshwiro kuvakwa hovercrafts ( "Squid", "materu" uye dzimwe kumhara raanoziva muzvirongwa). hunoratidzwa KVP "Adelia" (chirongwa nhamba 12321) zvikuru kubudirira. kukura kwayo vakatanga kutevera murayiro bumbiro 12322 "Zubr". Main kuvaka inobereka pekugara achiumbwa somunhu rectangular pagadzirwe (57,3 L X 25,6 W X 21,9 H, m), iri iyo akatasva superstructure, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa zvitatu longitudinally vaifarira nezvikamu. By functionality yakakosha nhumbi nzvimbo panhivi izvo pane simba zviyero, vashandi nzvimbo uye zvifambiswe zviyero, kuchengeteka hurongwa, achivimbisa rinokosha basa (kusanganisira panyaya zvombo zvinoparadza). Room tsvimbo uye kumhara nehurongwa takashongedzerwa pamwe mhepo-kutonhodza, kufefetedza, kudziyisa, ruzha, uye vari insulated. Pane zvivako kuzodya.

The muviri chakagadzirwa welded zvigadzirwa, zvinhu - mukuru-simba nonmagnetic aruminiyamu-magnesium chiwanikwa soro ngura nemishonga.

Pfungwa marongerwo ndohwaJehovha mukuru Mugadziri chacho Koronatova GD

The magetsi Chikamu

actuators kudzora - zvisiri nyore. warships Russian marudzi zvakafanana vari rinosundwa turbine michini, pamwe kunze Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, kuti screws iyo vakaremerwa pamusoro dzemagetsi Motors. simba hurongwa MDC "The Bison" rakarongwa kurerutsa pamusoro yakafanana musimboti kudzora enyika. Ngarava ane mhepo pamutsago hakusi nyore kuramba pane akafanorongerwa kukwirira pamusoro pemvura, izvi kunoda simba. Revai simba rayo, vaviri vavo, panguva mwoyo nechimwe kunokosha stokilovattny gasi turbine jenareta (naivowo maviri). The zvachose Kukwanisa simba chirimwa mhando M35, zvinoberekwa Honey "Dawn - Mashproekt" ndiyo 50 zviuru horsepower. Care mukuru GAC-5 (electromechanical warhead) huru kuparadzirwa mapuranga (MDF). Management rinoitwa ari kure kubva SERS (huru murayiro romukova), vazhinji remapazi vari zvoga kuitira kuvandudza ergonomics. In zano pane kure inomunyaradza.

pneumatics

Ramba rinorema chikepe (ayo misha iri matani 555) pane imwe nokukwirira uyewo wakaoma, ndiko, mushure zvose, kwete neherikoputa. The airbag pasi Hull pave zvina chetyrehlepestnyh jekiseni sikuruwa dhayamita 25 000 neMM, akashongedzerwa pamwe kumanikidzwa danho chidhiraivho. Pamwe electric motor neimwe pakuyerera chikwata (DK-10). Horizontal kufamba ari zvinoberekwa glissernomu musimboti. Kukuvadza kumhara ndege mhepo chairarirwa "Zubr" nhatu hwindimiri pamwe chinjika muhombe mashizha zvingangoita Thando munhu dhayamita pamusoro 55,000 neMM, akatasva chindori polymer zvinoumba landings, nokuderedza ruzha. Kuburikidza propellers izvi nokukurumidza kune zvinyorwa 90 km / h, uye kuchinja nhamba huru nomumwe wavo kunoita kuti kufambisa zvinobudirira.

muganhu pamutsago

Kuti tiite mhepo hazvisiyiwi kumativi, uye "vakashanda" kupfurikidza wakabata ponderous mudziyo pane imwe Clearance, akapa zvinovaka kuzvidzora. Ivo anonzwisisa yakakomberedzwa, akaita vaviri-weDanho zano. The mugamuchiri ari kuchinja, inoshandisa dzidziso dzekuvamba vakaparadzana keels maviri crosswise, transverse uye longitudinal. Zvose izvi zvisiri nyore hurongwa unokubvumira makachengeteka "kuvimba" riri compressed mhepo iri muchina yakadai, sezvo "Bison." Hovercraft zororo kana kunoita kusvikira kufurirwa haaiti kwayo uremu ukazvikudza, kana zvakakodzera kuti kukurira Nzvimbo hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, uye inowira pasi kana nguva kuita kumhara uye vachidzikisa rechiuto michina. Nokuti iye, pasinei yezvakaita pemvura kana nyika, manzwiro siyana rakafara zvakakwana, uye kukwanisa "kambaira" kure nemhenderekedzo chinosiyanisa kubva vamwe anonyanya uye kwakajairika kumhara ndege.

chinzvimbo

Kumhara raanoziva mhepo chairarirwa "Zubr" zvizere rokuti kwayo nokuzvininipisa vachinzi "diki". Anogona kununura aida pfungwa yacho romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi "chete" michini rechiuto kuti Marines mune motokari gumi warrior pamwe zvikwata zvavo. Kutaura zvazviri, kukura uye kukwanisa mukirasi KVP anoenzanirana iye kwete. On kumhara mikana yakafanana kumakwai pfungwa "avhareji kumhara chikepe" (kuvakuru, iye achiri asinganyimi), kana tinoita analogue ari muchimiro kwakajairika dewatering mudziyo kusvika uye murwere yokutanga pamahombekombe kumahombekombe. Sezvinoratidzwa dzidziso "West-2009", chaizvoizvo yakadyarwa MDKVP "Zubr" rinogona kuva zvinotevera sarudzo vezvikwata nemauto:

- matatu T-80 (T-90) yairema matani 150;

- BMP 8 (115 matani);

- 10 APCs kuwedzerazve 140 Zvikepe;

- masere zvinoyangarara chiedza matangi.

The kumhara iri mana vashandi dzezvimwe kuti 140 vanhu mumwe. Possible Delivery Ipfungwa chete manpower, kwete midziyo, muchiitiko ichi, kuchine zvigaro 366 uye uwandu servicemen yakadyarwa yakawedzera kusvika mazana mashanu. Izvi zvinogona zvakakodzera kana kudiwa rakamuka chisimbiso, asi kushambira kutsungirira zvinoderedza yakawanda maawa. Marines - chete vanhu, vanofanira vazorore uye vadye, uye mamiriro ezvinhu havasi kupfuura akasununguka muna nhumbi munhare.

Nokuti yakananga landings vari pamagedhi nasal, pafiripi-pasi uye iumbe kuwana ndokudzikunda hunogara pasi.

nezvombo

Kumhara raanoziva "Zubr" - kwete nzira chokuendesa vashandi uye midziyo yaisazoraramika pamhenderekedzo muvengi, anogona kuisa chombo uye atirari rinopamura kudzvinyirira zvinobvira nemishonga midzi muvengi, anotsigira moto uye kuzvidzivirira pamusoro zvichiita aizotambudzazve ndege muvengi. Pasina izvi rwisana nezvaanogona sezvo muchina akakwana mumaziso vechiuto aizoramba ari nyore "muchimwiro", kunyange kutsanya uye maneuverable.

Heino kutaridza "maturusi" kuti vave nechokwadi kuti zvakafanira firepower iri vakapakata "Zubr". Hovercraft vakabata:

- Two chombo launchers "Fire" A-22, vachiridzira unguided zvitundumuseremusere caliber pamusoro 140,3 mm.

- Two otomatiki zviruva AK-630 30 mm caliber nemabara acho ari anoshongwa zviuru zvitatu.

- masere Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Igla" (dzimwe nguva dzimwe dzaishandisa uchishandisa US "Stingers").

On bhodhi pane wakaiswa pamusoro REB "slabbing" kubvumira kudzivisa basa kukurukurirana yomuvengi uye vasabatwa enyika.

Uyezve, "Bison" anogona kuisa mumigodhi zvombo zvezvimedu 20. The kunonyanyisa nguva chokugadza - 1 awa nemaminitsi 20.

Chokwadi, asati chikepe ichi ngarawa asinganyimi, asi kunofanira kurangarirwa kuti muhondo dzemazuva ano oga haafaniri kuita, uye zvikepe, uye mhepo, uye kana zvakakodzera - uye tactically-chombo rutsigiro achapiwa kwaari.

American ishamwari

Zvikepe Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika, akayangarara pamusoro mvura pamusoro, uye panofanira mubasa iri US Army. zita ravo yepamutemo - LCAC (kumhara Craft Air Cushion), izvo chinangwa nechinangwa kwakafanana "Bison." Marongerwo transoceanic yokuenzanisira hwakasiyana Soviet analoginen mapurani, dzakadai superstructure vasipo, asi pane pagadzirwe uriri akakombwa nzvimbo 182 sq. m, iro vanoiswa midziyo pamwe contingent kuti achiwana. LCAC zvakawanda mwero, "Bison" uye kukura uye simba simba chirimwa (16 zviuru. HP). Its kureba 27 metres, nohupamhi -. 14 M Fuel kuparadzwa, zvisinei, mabhanzi, awa rimwe, marita zana manomwe huni combusted. Mudziyo anoyera 170 matani. The unotii nazvo glisserno screws maviri ane dhayamita pamusoro 70 cm kusvika 3 M rokufurira nayo mberi kana shure. Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza riri pamusoro zvakafanana "Zubr" Project mudziyo. Zvimwe injini inoshandiswa kwokunangisa. Shamhu vaizoitwazve inopiwa ne propellers mana rinotungamirirwa pasi. Kurema payload - matani 70.

Mukuedza zviite kuvaka, mainjiniya American tasarudza pasina kuwedzera-Ons uye zvivako kuti vashandi, iyo anosika mukana shambidza pamusoro parutivi - uriri ichimhanya anova tsvedza kubva mvura splashes.

Own zvombo watercraft haadaro.

Kuti muchidimbu zvose tactical uye michina Data ari American kumhara ndege mhepo pamutsago, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti ayo rwisana kugona muduku unhu "Zubr" inenge katatu. Marines mungarava anogona kutora hapana anopfuura 170 pasina uto midziyo pamusoro achipfeka. Asi muchina uyu wakafanira nzeve, asi kukwikwidzana hwake muenzaniso Soviet okukura hakusi pasina DKVP Western.

kudzora ngarava mhando San Antonio uye Igo kunoda kudzidzirwa chakakomba zvikuru, hazvisi nyore kuti nounyanzvi. Ngarava idzi anobva muna US chete panguva Naval mujinga muna Virginia.

How zvikuru vasara, ari "Bison"?

With zvose zvakanakira ichi chinoshamisa chiratidzazvizhinji of Soviet kudzivirira indasitiri haigoni asi kuwedzera mbiri Upfu uchi, iyo, pasina mubvunzo, akakodzera creators ayo, uye aidya chipunu tara. Panguva kuparara Soviet Union sezvo chikamu Sea Black rengarava kusanganisira zviumbu sere DKVP "Zubr". bhurigedhi ichi ngarava Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika yakakamurwa unequally, asi sezvo hama: Russia akamuka vashanu (pakati pavo - zvikabva wokutanga, hazvigoni kunzi), uye Ukraine - midziyo matatu ( "Kramatorsk", "Artemivsk" uye "Horlivka"). Kutsamwira Vatsigiri kururamisira yezvisikwa hakuna zviripo. Vakanga vasina zvinodiwa Ukrainian Navy uye nevaya "Bison", raakatanga kuichengeta akava mhiri simba rehondo bhajeti. Mukuwedzera, muna Feodosia apera zvikepe mamwe maviri, mumwe izvo vakatadza kupedza. Zvakare, zviri zvakanaka kuziva kuti Russian rengarava uyewo akarayira "Bison" kwete yakanakisisa nzira yavo. Apo Greece (nyika - nhengo NATO) vakaratidza chido kutenga nemamwe warships, kuti Ukraine uye Russia aida kutenga peya zvidimbu. The kutengeserana akatora nzvimbo.

Zvadaro, vatatu inokwana zviyero asara akanyorwa kure sezvo asingabatsiri kubva Naval Forces rweUkraine, uye zvichida racherwa chinyorwa simbi, kudiwa iri nguva dzose ikoko.

Saka, muna "Bison" mugumisiro kubva vaGiriki vakawanda, sezvo vazhinji mana. Russian Navy ane anokwana zviyero zviviri, nepo China - mumwe ari konekwa wokuUkraine shipyards. By panzira, China zviri vakaronga kuvaka mamwe makopi mana. Nyanzvi Ukrainian zvakapa rubatsiro uye michina mapepa.

Somunhu kunyaradzwa, tinogona kutaura kuti kurwa kushandiswa "Bison" iri wokuGeorgia-Abkhaz kunetsana kusvikira zvakanga akasiyana uye akabudirira. Details emauto remapazi avo Kupinda veruzhinji harizivikanwi.