Bronshteyn David Ionovich: Soviet wechesi grandmaster uye munyori

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet uye Russian wechesi grandmaster, mumwe kurwa kuti musoro nyika shasha muna 1951, kaviri mutsigiri mukuru USSR. Bronstein yainzi mumwe akasimba vatambi munyika kubvira pakati ma1940 kuti pema1970. Nevamwe akamutumidza rokusika shasha uye tenzi mazano. Uyezve, zvave wechesi munyori, bhuku rake "International Grandmasters Tournament" kwava enisaikoropidhiya chaicho beginners uye ruzivo vatambi.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Bronshteyn David Ionovich akaberekerwa February 19, 1924 mu White Church (Ukraine), iri munharaunda yaimbova Soviet Union, akarerwa mumhuri murombo yechiJudha. Baba - Jonas B. - aiva nyore mushandi ari azvikuya mufekitari, uye mai vake - Maria Davydovna - mutariri dhipatimendi basa pakati pavakadzi (vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo Division) iri komiti muruwa. Muna 1926 mhuri Bronstein vakatamira kuguta Berdyansk, kuti pedyo Azov pamhenderekedzo, uye nokukurumidza, mumakore mana, vakatamira Kiev. Pano Bronshteyn David Ionovich kutanga anoenda kuchikoro. Mukomana akanga zvakanaka zvakakwana, asi chinonyanya kukwezvana akanzwira zvakasiyana zvikamu uye madenderedzwa - aifarira masvomhu, wechesi uye aeromodelling.

Kiev Chess School

Ndava nemakore matanhatu, sekuru vake sei kutamba wechesi, uye nokukurumidza mutambo anova rinenge chinokosha choupenyu kwaari. Man kunoramba aipedza nguva ari chessboard, aigona kunyange kuridza anozvipesanisa. Ndava nemakore gumi, Dhavhidhi akakunda ake yokutanga wechesi mutambo (makwikwi rakaitirwa chikoro). Kubudirira uku kwaiva kuita kuti abatane wechesi chikamu. murairidzi wake aiva akakurumbira wechesi tenzi dzakawanda Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Chess School chachinja kukura unyanzvi vechiduku wechesi mutambi, uye nokukurumidza namashanu David Bronstein vaiitawo Kyiv Chess Championship, vakatora nzvimbo yechipiri. Gore rakatevera, David ane gumi Unobata musoro Tenzi Sports (1940), apedza wechipiri wokuUkraine Chess Championship.

rima nguva

Muna 1937 mhuri Bronstein chinoenda kuburikidza chikuru dambudziko - baba vake acharanga somuvengi vanhu, uye paakavapa kwaari mhedziso kwemisasa kwemakore 7. Mune ramangwana, chokwadi ichi zvinoratidzwa njodzi David. Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1941, wechiduku wechesi mutambi aiva nourongwa kudzidza wemasvomhu paUniversity of Kiev, asi "nekusvibisa zita" mukurumbira mhuri avhara mugwagwa kuyunivhesiti.

The Great Patriotic War: upenyu wechesi

Panguva Great Patriotic War, wechiduku wechesi mutambi akamanikidzwa aende kuguta Ordzhonikidze (zvino Vladikavkaz), kuCaucasus, nekuti akatumirwa kunoshanda imwe zvipatara (maererano nemitemo hondo). Muuto reSoviet pokutanga muduku wechesi mutambi kurashikirwa nekuda kusanyatsoona zvakanaka. Bronshteyn David Ionovich kakawanda akakumbira kuti nokuzvidira kuenda mberi, asi hazvina kutora. Muna 1943, apo hondo aitarisira pana Stalingrad, Bronstein, pamwe mwana bhurigedhi anotumirwa kuti dzomumaguta pedutu. Panguva mabhizimisi maawa, iye aishanda yokuvakira, uye usiku akadzidza uye nani Misiyano wechesi mawindo, achinyora anofambidzana pamusoro scraps mapepa.

Pashure Red Army kuti kukunda pamusoro Nazi Germany vaduku Bronstein akakokwa kuMoscow - kubatanidzwa regumi namatatu USSR Chess Championship, umo David anotaura pamusana asi zvakaipa: hasha mitambo zvinosimudzira wechesi kukura zvakare. Zvisinei, muna 1945 Bronshteyn David Ionovich akapinda Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, uko akadzidza kwegore.

Kubudirira uye mazita

Nakisisa dzinongoitika tarenda Bronstein mberi akasvinudzwa panopera Hondo Yenyika II. Muna 1946, iye nechivimbo vakarova vavengi vose vari wechesi ushasha mutambo muMoscow, uye muna 1948 uye 1949. Akakunda USSR Chess Championship. The guru rokutanga dzakawanda vachikunda yaiva mutambo Bronstein muna Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) muna 1948, apo akanga paakavapa musoro grandmaster.

Muna 1950, Budapest vaipinda musarudzo wechesi mutambo umo zvirokwazvo Bronstein kuwana kunyange vatambi simba akadai Isaac Boleslavsky, Gideon Stahlberg uye Paul Keres. Somugumisiro, mashoko grandmaster Soviet akava Kumukundi of musarudzo Tournament muna 1950, uye iye zvino panzira Dhavhidhi chete nyika shasha - Mikhail Botvinnik.

The kumirisana nyika musoro pamusoro Botvinnik

Muna 1951 akasangana Mikhail Botvinnik (ano nyika shasha) uye David Bronstein (wechesi mutambi, uyo akakunda musarudzo Tournament) iri mhuka rokuti nyika shasha. World Chess paruzhinji haana kuudza nemaonero Bronstein anogona kuva vamwe mikana kukunda - zvose rooting kuti Mikhail Botvinnik. Game zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vose vatambi pashure chikamu pamusoro mamakisi wechinomwe 4: 3 muchifarira pakudzivirira shasha. Kurwisana mberi, vatambi rave akahwina mumwe kana kubvumirana kuti kuzochera. The wechiduku Bronstein akanga achitamba zvakakwana, nguva zvaiita kuti wacho achava shasha. Uye nguva ino yakanga! Total zvibodzwa pashure maminitsi 22 bato raiva shure Bronstein - 11.5: 10.5. Paiva mativi maviri chete kuti "shasha kuti" honorary rokuremekedza. David Ionovich akarwa zvakanakisisa zvaaigona, asi akarasa Penultimate mutambo ane bang, vachiridza mibvunzo nemagumo. Wokupedzisira mutambo yakaguma muna SWEDERA - yose mamakisi yaiva 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik wokupedzisira mweya akasimbisa kodzero kupfeka wechesi korona. Pasi mitemo wechesi nyika ushasha, mumwe SWEDERA - ichi zvinoratidza kuti rokuti akanga ravane kutonga shasha.

Bronstein akaita zvikuru zvakadzikama uye kunyange nokusetsa, achiti: ". Usanetseka, ndakahwina Botvinnik, dai imi mose vakatarira kwandiri nemiromo yavo yakazaruka"