Aripiko kuchengeterwa of Central Black Earth?

Reserve Central Black Earth - rimwe remasangano ari European chikamu Russia. Riri munzvimbo Kursk mudunhu. Rine zita muzvinafundo Vasiliya Alehina.

History chengetedza

Reserve Central Black Earth iri mune nzvimbo kuti mukupera 1st - mangwanani 2nd chemakore vakanga inogarwa steppes, kuhova akafukidzwa nemasango. Mumazuva iwayo, pamusoro nzvimbo ano Kursk nharaunda akafura saiga, kulan uye Tours. Vaigara mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nemakonzo siyana. Nested shiri huru yakadai Little Bustard uye Great Bustard.

Vanhu vaigara munzvimbo iyi, pasi kumanikidzwa zvose yomuchinda navaranda, uye pamusoro chikamu muArabhu. By XVI remakore chikuru basa vagere Kursk aiva kurima. Uyezve, guta panguva iyoyo yaiva kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu Russian wehurumende. Saka, nguva nenguva ndaifanira vadzivirire miganhu izvi.

Kukurira yokurwiswa Crimean Tatars, vanhu veko vakanga vasingakwanisi Naizvozvo, kuti kushumira Kursk akabatanidzwa vachishingaira muzvirongwa Don uye Cossacks, uyo akaita se varindi chaizvoizvo chipo. Vakashumira pano panguva iyoyo uye Gunners uye uta.

Pakupedzisira, vazhinji vavo vakagara panzvimbo idzi. Pasi pa Kursk vakanga mumaoko kwavari uswa uye zvigare. Nokuda kwaizvozvi izvozvo richiripo untilled azotongwa inowanzorimwa, iro nhasi anozivikanwa nokuda Central Black Ivhu kuchengeterwa nokuda Alekhine.

Inotungamirwa zvomunharaunda hunhu

Nzvimbo idzi vari pakutanga XX remakore vainyatsoongorora muzvinafundo Alekhin, ane zita nhasi kuchengeterwa Central Black Earth. Maererano nokutsvakurudza ake, mumakore matatu kana mana emakore idzi uswa aumba pasi zvakananga pokudzora dzose Mowing uye zvigare. Uye kazhinji izvi zviri kuitika pasi wedondo nzvimbo.

The Musketeers of inowanzorimwa nomumatondo uye yaiteverwa zvakajeka chitubu uye kwematsutso pamafuro. Kazhinji veko akashandisa ambopinda kana kuparadza ivhu goko, achiparadza masora uye kudzivirira nyika yakaoma.

To mafuro akanga dzakapfuma Zvakarurama unopfuta. Iri nzira iyi vakawana Kursk inowanzorimwa Vasiliy Alehin, pandakatanga akauya pano muna 1907. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari wokupedzisira mugore Moscow State University achiri.

Kudzidza vomunharaunda hunhu Alekhine

Alekhine akatanga vanoshingaira kuongorora nzvimbo iyo akazozivikanwa sezvo kuchengeterwa of Central Black Ivhu. Musayendisiti akatanga kuvaparadza bhuku ravo mumagazini mukurumbira. Saka, ake Nyaya yokutanga pamusoro penzvimbo iyi yainzi "Outline zvinomera zvayo shanduko zvishoma nezvishoma munharaunda Streletskaya inowanzorimwa pedyo Kursk." Muna 1910, akarondedzera zvakadzama uye Cossack inowanzorimwa, akadzidza papera gore.

Muna 1925, Purofesa Vladimir Khitrovo anozivikanwa Senda uye geobotanist, yakabudisa bhuku "Maruva kubva Oryol province." Chokwadi kuti gare gare nzvimbo idzi zvinosanganisirwawo mu Central Black Ivhu kuchengeterwa nokuda Alekhine. basa rake aiva akanaka chishandiswa Alekhine zvimwe zvidzidzo zvake.

Saizvozvowo Alekhine muna 1925 kokutanga akamutsa kudiwa pakarepo kumanikidza kurambidza kushandiswa nzvimbo idzi kuitira kuti achengetedze zvavo dzinongoitika kuvimbika. nehurumende yeSoviet chaizvo makore 10 takasarudza kuti nzvimbo akasika Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve.

The chengetedza ndima

Resolution iri kugadzwa kuchengeterwa akatora presidium of Central Executive Committee. Central Chernozem Biosphere Reserve akatora ndima, akaenzana vanopfuura zviuru 4.5 hectares.

Pakutanga, basa kuchengetedza pristine inowanzorimwa nzvimbo pachiimbwa marudzi ose masango vave pamberi kwokubatsira Reserve. Chinangwa ichi - mberi kudzidza dzinotsanagura paumbwe manyowa munharaunda, uyewo akaoma ukama steppes uye masango. Uyewo, zvinhu zvipenyu kuziva simba masango kurwisa kwemvura zvidzidzo, apo shasha iri kuchamhembe uye nechepakati kuRussia vanoirima.

Muna 1971 yaakagadzira chokumbofanobata wenyika yacho chengetedza. Uye muna 1988 zvakanzi yakadzokororwa uye rakawedzerwa makiromita. Iye zvino, Central Black Earth State kuchengeterwa ndokwenguva nzvimbo 28.5 zviuru hectares.

Kukosha veko rwokuzvarwa fuma akayera kwete chete muRussia. Central Black Earth munochengeta. Alekhine ane CE chitupa.

Current mamiriro

kuchengeterwa uyu mumwe wokutanga biosphere reserves iri USSR. Apo iwe unogona kuchengeta uye kudzidza kwomuzvarirwo kosi pezvakaitwa siyana mune zvivako zviri kumafuro-inowanzorimwa mhandara nyika.

Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna kufurirwa mabasa evanhu pamusoro izvi hurongwa. Reserve Administration nhasi kusimukira mabasa kuti kuramba ndokudzorera chizvarwa dzinongoitika munharaunda.

Mumwe kiyi vanotongwa kudzidza kuchengeterwa ichi - black pasi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kwedu nguva ivhu dema, izvo vachiri kwete pasi vamurimire - chinhu apo neapo chaiyo. Vari vaitirei chiero kuti kunogona kudzidzwa kuongorora zvazvinoita ravo kurima ano. Kubvira 1975, Central Chernozem mamiriro dzinongoitika yeparutivi aiwanzotaura kuti kuidzwa michina yemazuva mabukira dzinongoitika zvinhu pamwe chitundumusere-musere.

The kwomuzvarirwo upfumi chengetedza

Kufanana dzose reserves ose Central Black Earth nharaunda, ine akapfuma chaizvo fauna of. Mariri rinobatanidza kuchamhembe uye wemarudzi steppes, uyewo pamiouki.

Vatsvakurudzi vakaverenga pamusoro munharaunda yayo vanopfuura chimwe namazana maviri namakumi vascular zvinomera, kusanganisira mashoma uye kunyange Dzvuku. Inenge 86 marudzi zvinomera zviri tikatyisidzirwa kutsakatika, saka avo vadzivirirwe kunonyanya inokosha.

About 25 hectares ane nzvimbo relict uswa. Basa rinokosha chaiwo hwaJehoshafati Reserve anoita miti yakasvibira shrub yakadai, Daphne somunhu dzatsatsa. Panyika yose zvitsuwa unogona kuwanikwa inowanzorimwa uswa pamwe dzakasiyana upenyu marudzi. Pane chete howa-macromycetes pane anenge 200 marudzi. Vanogona kunyange kuonekwa chinoabatsira.

mhuka nyika

Rich uye Fauna of chengetedza vagari. Zviri musha nemhando kuti aya anonyanya munzvimbo rwokuzvarwa echando. Somuenzaniso, kune vanenge 50 mhando mhuka.

35 marudzi hove, 10 - amphibians, uye 5 - nezvinokambaira. Inenge 200 mhando madandaude, zvimwe anogara inowanzorimwa nzvimbo kuchengeterwa, uye vamwe - iri musango kumicheto. Pano unogona kusangana anenge zviuru zvina marudzi nezvipembenene.

A chizvarwa Kursk Reserve - nondo. Ndicho kuzvikudza uye kushanyira kadhi iri Kursk nharaunda. Nemharapara nondo akawana chete dzimwe ichi rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo. Pane chiri vararame mavara pasi tsindi, tsuro, mbira, Martens, makava. ungulates zhinji, kunyanya musk mhuka kuti uchipinda inoparadzirwa mutaviridziro wacho uye nokuda kurambidzwa dzinovhima ari chengetedza. Zvisinei, pavanenge kunokanganisa yepanyama nepakati, nhamba yavo ane waidzora munhu. Saizvozvowo, vachibva mhumhi, kuti vari akadzivirira mumasango njodzi pokuvanda.

Shiri Kursk chengetedza

Vanopfuura 220 eshiri vanogara maeka anoumba Kurdish Reserve. Zviri musha anenge 80% vose shiri mhenyu iri Kursk mudunhu. Izvi, vanenge 90 mhando dendere pano.

A vazhinji partridges mhenyu uye zvihuta, izvo akasundudzira vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, apo akatanga nokushingaira kutanga kurima. Fly hwakawanda makiromita uye Inomedza swifts. Munzvimbo idzi vanowana pokugara uye zvokudya.

Muna June, kupeta danho ose unogona kunzwa trill yakakurumbira Kursk nightingales, izvo kunyange vatsaurire nziyo uye ballads. Munguva steppes uye vachiimba larks kubhururuka, kazhinji kuwana magora, hawks uye Buzzards.

Pano mupenyu uye kashoma shiri dzinodya nyama - Honey gora kubva hurongwa Falconiformes.

kwesainzi

The yeparutivi achimhanya vakawanda masayendisiti vari kuita tsvakurudzo siyana. Musoro mukuru akawanda tsvakurudzo ndiyo akarondedzera akataurwa uye nokudzidza zvakasikwa kwendangariro. Izvi inosanganisira kuongorora okunze, ivhu, ndima, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, rose mhuka umambo. Vainyora uye kuchengetedza karenda zvakasikwa.

Mumakore mushure Soviet Union yakaparara Kursk vanotsvakurudza rakashanda kwete zvishoma zvibereko pane munguva Soviet. Vanopfuura 30 zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza kunge yakatanga. Pano vanogara wakaitwa tsika vadzidzi kuyunivhesiti, kwete chete kubva Russia. Kuuya masayendisiti vaduku kubva Austria, Sweden uye Switzerland. Vanodawo kufarira dambudziko renyika dema pakati mukoto.

The Red bhuku

Zvichida rinonyatsooneka budiriro Vatsvakurudzi - reShanduro Red Book of Kursk nharaunda. Yakanga mugumisiro kwemakore akawanda basa uye makumi ezviuru nzendo. Bhuku kunoratidza yose kusiyana chaivo kuti anogona kuwanika munharaunda chengetedza.

Mazuva ano, basa mberi. Reserve Zvino vashandi vanoshanda itsva reShanduro Red Book, iyo ichasanganisira itsva zvinhu uye tsvakurudzo. Kugara rakabudiswa nesayenzi uye anobatsira muunganidzwa "Studies in the Red Data Book of Kursk nharaunda."

Published chaiyo monograph inopedzerwa kushoma eshiri dzose Kursk nharaunda.

Eco-ushanyi

In Kursk Reserve ari kushingaira dzichiri eco ushanyi. Gore negore zvinonzi akashanyira munenge 3 nehafu vaenzi chiuru. Kwavari, pane zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye nemamwe zvinhu.

Chekutanga, ndiko miziyamu zvakasikwa. Rine Exhibits vamwe 250. Pane chakajairika kamuri, iro rinotaura nezvenhoroondo pakusikwa kuchengeterwa, vanhu vamire kwarwakabva, uyewo zvinonyatsorondedzera nyika iyo rakakamurwa. In yechipiri kamuri unogona kuwana Kunyatsoziva peculiarities yekwataigara okunze uye nevhu. The wechitatu panoratidza mhuka uye zvinomera. Imba wechina anochengeterwa Reserve yakabereka mapepa yesayenzi uye monographs.

Yechipiri, unogona nenzira zvipenyu nzira. Vashanyi kushanyira "Streletskaya danho" kana "Kasango Sacred".

Chechitatu, panewo dzavo zvinokwezva zvenhau netsika. Izvi zvinosanganisira ibwe chivezwa XI remakore, rinonzi "mudzimai ibwe". Asi zviuru yakanyungudutswa, panowanikwa iyo kare ndeyemunguva remakore rechi17. yakanyungudutswa izvi akaiswa pamusoro yokuchinja kuratidza mirayiridzo munzira. "Stone vakadzi" vaionekwa vamwari, vakanamata uye zvibayiro namadzibaba edu.