North Caucasus: mamiriro uye tsananguro. Kunyanya hunhu kuCaucasus

The North eCaucasus - mundima huru kuti kunosvika kubva Lower Don. It inoremekedzwa chikamu Russian pachikuva uye inoguma Mukuru Caucasus Range. Zvicherwa, chicherwa mvura, kurima kukura - akanaka uye zvakasiyana-siyana North eCaucasus. Nature, kuburikidza mumakungwa uye anotaurisa landscape, akasiyana nevamwe. Nokuwanda chiedza, kudziya, rakatumbuka dzisinganayi uye nyorovera munzvimbo inopa zvakasiyana siyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

The vaiongorora of North Caucasus

On mundima North Caucasus ndivo Krasnodar uye Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region uye Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia uye Dagestan, muBosnia, muChechnya uye Ingushetia. Rakaisvonaka makomo, isingaperi steppes, Semi-mumarenje, masango kuti nharaunda iyi anoyevedza kuti ushanyi.

gomo yemakomo yose hurongwa ndiye North eCaucasus. muzvarirwo izvozvo zvichisiyana chete nokukwirira pamusoro pegungwa. The nzvimbo nzvimbo iri muzvikamu 3 zones:

1. Mountain.
2. Foothill.
3. Inowanzorimwa (bani).

Northern muganhu nzvimbo kunosvika pakati penzizi Kuban uye Terek. Pane inowanzorimwa wongoramba. Rinotanga kumaodzanyemba Piedmont nharaunda, iyo inoguma mune vakawanda neeSultan.

Okunze kunokanganisa kuwanda makomo napedyo yamakungwa - the Black, Azov, reCaspian. mvura Thermal, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa mune Northern Caucasus ane bromine, Radium, ayodhini, potassium.

Pamakomo North Caucasus

Kubva nechando kuchamhembe kumatunhu kuti inopisa kumaodzanyemba nharaunda atambanudza hunhu Russia. eCaucasus - kumusoro kumakomo munyika. Vakanga yakaumbwa mumakore Alpine Kumbofungatira.

The hurongwa Makomo eCaucasus anonzi jaya zvivako gomo, uyewo Apennines, ivo Carpathians, Alps, ichindosvika kuPyrenees, eHimalaya. Alpine orogeny - wokupedzisira nguva orogeny. Zvakatungamirira zvivako zvakawanda gomo. Anonzi ari kukudzwa Alps, apo muitiro akatora kupfuura zvemo kuratidzwa.

Northern Territory Caucasian raimiririra makomo Elbrus, Kazbek, uye Rocky Mafuro muhomba Cross zvakaitika. Uye ichi ndicho chiduku chete, yakakurumbira zvikuru chikamu mawere uye zvikomo.

Panhongonya dzawo of North Caucasus - ndiye Kazbek, ane yakakwirira iri kumativi 5033 metres uye yakatotsakatika gomo Elbrus -. 5642 m.

Nokuda akatunhidzwa Geological kukura ndima uye yezvakaita Caucasus makomo akapfuma saka gasi minda, mafuta. Rauya kuchera - mekuri, mhangura, tungsten, polymetallic ores.

Kunyanya yezvakaita North Caucasus

Kuunganidza chicherwa matsime zvakasiyana makemikari anoumba uye tembiricha, zvinogona kuwanika munzvimbo iyi. The kunoshamisa kushanda mvura kwaita kuti kugadzwa yokuzororera munzvimbo. Kuzivikanwa kuti matsime aro uye spas Mineralnye Vody, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk.

Nature of North Caucasus rakakamurwa nyoro uye akaoma munzvimbo. Kwainyanya kubva kunonaya ndiye Atlantic Ocean. Ndokusaka Piedmont nharaunda kumadokero zvakakwana wakanyorova. Nepo okumabvazuva dema vakafumura nzvimbo (huruva) madutu, mhepo yakaoma, kwemvura.

Kunyanya yezvakaita North Caucasus zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mhepo zvavo. In mwaka zvose, nharaunda rinokwanisa kusvika chando aibuda yakaoma Arctic, nyorova - Atlantic, dzinopisa - Mediterranean. Air makore, mumwe pashure pomumwe, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mamiriro okunze.

On mundima Northern Caucasus uye pane mhepo dzeko - foehn. Cool gomo mhepo, akawa pasi zvishoma nezvishoma neshungu. Zvasvikira pasi rava kupisa rukova. Izvi zvikonzero mhepo Dryer.

Kazhinji chando mhepo makore kupinda napakati Caucasian muhomba, vakapfuura kumativi kumabvazuva nokumavirira mativi. Zvadaro mundima iri kuva nedutu rinoparadza pamusoro thermophilic kasvisto.

Climate

The North eCaucasus ari pamuganhu unozvidzora uye subtropical zvikamu. Rinopa softness uye ushamwari okunze. Short chando, huchavapo inenge mwedzi miviri zhizha refu - kusvika 5.5 mwedzi. Zvakawanda chezuva munharaunda iyi imhaka chete chinhambwe kubva neequator uye matanda. Naizvozvo, hunhu kuCaucasus hwakasiyana kwebope uye mavara akajeka.

Mumakomo, yakawanda kunayisa Falls. Izvi imhaka yokuti dzedenga makore, uye kumbomira pamusoro mawere achimuka kumusoro dzaserera, mwando anopiwa. Naizvozvo, okunze akasiyana migodhi nzvimbo mezvikomo uye mapani. Munguva yechando chando rukoko rinoungana kusvika 5 cm. On kuchamhembe pamuganhu mawere kunotanga chando husingaperi.

Panguva kukwira pamusoro 4000 m, kunyange Hottest tembiricha zhizha pamusoro razero harioneki. In yechando, zvingangove avalanches kubva chero unopinza inzwi, kundikana kufamba.

Mountain nzizi, dutu uye kuchitonhora, ane yakatangira muzana kunyunguduka chando, mazizaya. Naizvozvo, mafashamo chaizvo mune chitubu uye kwematsutso ndiye anenge akaoma kana tembiricha yakaderera. Kubvunda chando yechando rinomira uye nokukurumidza hova gomo kuva shoma.

The maviri nzizi kupfuura North Caucasus - Terek uye Kuban - kupa nharaunda dzakawanda vabati vechibharo. Nemhaka kwavari, rakaorera matema ivhu mupfumi mukukohwa.

Yemichero, yemizambiringa, tii yecocoa, bheri zvakanaka munzvimbo dzisinganayi mapazi. Ndivo zvinhu yezvakaita eCaucasus. Cold makomo anopa nzira kuti ushamwari mumapani uye mezvikomo, ivhu dema anova shava ivhu.

chicherwa mvura

Unofanira kuziva kuti peculiarities of North Caucasus - iri kunzwisisa zvinoita. Izvi zvinosanganisira kure kubva mumakungwa, munyanza. Hunhu zvakazorodza kwenzvimbo. Kure kubva neequator uye matanda. Nhungamiro dzedenga gobvu, kuwanda kwemvura.

It saka zvinoitika kuti yezvakaita Caucasus siyana. Kunewo yakaorera nyika uye drylands. Mountain Mafuro uye mupaini masango. Dry steppes uye nenzizi zvakadzika. Upfumi zviwanikwa, Kuwanikwa chicherwa mvura inoita nzvimbo chinokwezva kuti bhizimisi uye ushanyi.

Description yezvakaita kuCaucasus kunoshamisa nokuti chokwadi kuti vanopfuura 70 chicherwa zvitubu dzinogona kuwanika munharaunda yayo. Ichi chando, kudziya, kupisa chicherwa mvura. Zvakasiyana zviri sezvamunoita yavo, iyo inobatsira iri kudzivirirwa uye kurapwa zvirwere:

• nemudumbu;
• nedehwe;
• kweropa hurongwa;
• tsinga.

Yakakurumbira sulphurous mvura vari muguta Sochi. Ferruginous mabhuku - muna Zheleznovodsk. Rehydrogen sulfide, radon - Pyatigorsk. Carbonic - Kislovodsk, Essentuki.

Flora

Zvinomera kavha yacho sezvo paiva mhuka Russia. ECaucasus rakakamurwa makomo, mezvikomo, mapani nharaunda. Zvichienderana kuchinja uye uswa nharaunda. Zvinonzi anokonzerwa okunze, ivhu uye sediments.

Mountain Mafuro - akasvibirira Alpine, nomumatondo. Mumatenhere kuti zvikwenzi kupa mavara forbs. Ikoko unogona kuwana yomurara, zvinokambaira shrub, izvo dzakashandisa mararamiro pasi chando. Kudzitsiva kukurumidza Deciduous masango, apo pane pomuouki, Beech, Chestnut, hornbeam.

Meadow-murove uswa alternates pamwe dzisinganayi Semi-murenje munzvimbo. Vari vakazadzwa chakagadzirwa yecocoa - poppies, irises, tulips, neminda nomuti uye momuoki.

Aronia vakapa zvakawanda nyika michero, yemizambiringa. Nature eCaucasus akanakira muti uye mugwenzi zvibereko - peya, Cherry puramu, hawthorn, blackthorn, dogwood.

fauna of

Inowanzorimwa akagadzirisa mhuka dzakadai Gopher, jerboas, tsuro, mhuka Ferret, gava, mhumhi. Ivo akapfuma mhuka Russia. ECaucasus yaro semidesert munzvimbo akanakira fork hedgehogs, gerbils womutamarisiki uye masikati, pasi tsuro uye gava-Korsakov. Pane antelopes (antelopes). Mumasango inogarwa nondo, mashava bheya, bison.

ECaucasus Nature ine vakawanda nezvinokambaira. Nyorovera uye kwoushamwari okunze - mamiriro akakwana nokuda kwokupukunyuka kwavo, uye kubereka. Izvi inowanzorimwa nyoka uye Boa nyoka uye nedzvinyu.

The rutsanga Mibhedha inogona kuwanikwa mhuka musii, rizere miti yakarukana katsi, jackal. Kune mvura shiri, uyewo gondo, nezizi, kestrel, shiri, bustard, harrier, kondo.

zvicherwa

deposits Large nemafuta uye gasi akapfuma hunhu kuCaucasus. The maindasitiri kukosha muri deposits kuti marasha uye lignite, mhangura uye manganese mhangura, asbestos, dombo munyu.

Ivhu netsvakurudzo kuti zvose zvakafanira kuti National zvoupfumi nesimbi dzinogona kuwanikwa North eCaucasus. munda ichi:

• zingi;
• mhangura;
• chromium;
• aruminiyamu;
• Arsenic;
• kutungamirira;
• simbi.

Mumakore achangopfuura wazova chaizvo kukura yokuvaka ibwe. Kunyanya inoremekedzwa twi mabota tuff uye dombo racho. Nokuti kuvakwa kwezvivako zvinoshandiswa yemo Neogene reraimu. The North eCaucasus ndiyo inozivikanwa ayo deposits ose girenayiti, machena, basalt. Found deposits zvendarama nesirivha.

mhedziso

The chikuru zviri yezvakaita North Caucasian vavete kwayo kusiyana. Akabatana inopisa glacial Aronia dzegirini, pamwe semideserts YOMUMAKOMO kumafuro. Uzere kunonaya kumadokero munzvimbo dziri zvinokambaira mhepo yokumabvazuva kumatunhu.

Madutu, inodziya uye kutonhora mhepo fronts vanoumba zvakakurumbira Northern Caucasian. Rwako kubva kuAtlantic Ocean uye Gungwa reMediterranean vari mwando. Dry mhepo makore kubva Central Asia uye Iran, dira pamusoro mhepo inopisa.

Yakachena, mhepo yakachena zvakazara ultraviolet chiedza anopa hurefu wayo nemakambani vagari. Warm, pfupi dzechando, yakakwirira kwevari rokurima zvekutepfenyura chinokwezva vaifamba. Kurapa zvitubu, deposits zviri zviwanikwa kuti nzvimbo iyi anokwezva kurapwa uye indasitiri.

Split-pamwero kwenzvimbo, vakawanda nzizi - chaiwo runako kumucheto kwevashandi nokuda kunoshamisira kwayo. Historical uye tsika zvinokwezva rinotipa kupomba simba iyi yakaorera ndima.