Brown mafuta muvanhu: rondedzero mabasa uye zvinhu

Chii shava mafuta? Ndezvipi mabasa nayo anoita? On vamwe mibvunzo iyi uye isu achapindura munyaya ino. Mumuviri womunhu mune marudzi maviri mafuta zvinhu: zvisvundu (chiremwaremwa - nokuda nokupisa mafuta kunopa thermogenesis uye anosika kupisa) uye chena (the Wat - akagadzirirwa simba chekuchengeta). Vanhu vane vakafutisa vanowanzopedzisira shava mafuta ari muduku, uye chena - zvakawanda.

shanda

Brown mafuta kunoita muviri kuchengetedza tembiricha kugara. mashandiro iyi inonzi thermogenesis. Kune mhando mbiri thermogenesis: ari contractile (vaidedereswa nemvura yainaya), umo kupisa chizvarwa iri nokuda rutapudzo pamusoro skeletal tsandanyama (chaiyo chaiyo - chando tsandanyama tremor), uye vachidedera (mabasa shava mafuta).

To zvinobudirira kukunda zvimwe zvirwere hwemunhu muviri tembiricha inowedzera oga. Kana mumwe munhu anotambura fivha, akakurumidza kurongwazve ari thermoregulatory gadziriro iri kusashanda otanga anoshanda yakakwirira yakati sandara. Ndokusaka tembiricha muviri hakusi zvakafanira kuuya pasi 38,5 inegumi.

anatomi

Chekutanga zvisvundu mafuta anowanikwa mhuka. mhuka idzodzo kuti vanowira kuhwanda munguva yechando, fuma iri zvakanakisisa dzakabudirira, sezvo iyi iri muviri DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA. Tichifunga izvi hazvibviri kuramba muviri tembiricha tsandanyama sunga.

Uyewo chinokosha black mafuta uye wakasvinura chitubu mhuka: kuburikidza navo vanowanika kupisa muviri tembiricha iri yekudyidzana zvakawedzera, nokuda iyo mhuka anomuka.

varidzi

Quite ichangopfuura zvikazikamwa kuti shava mafuta inowanikwa chete nevana. Inovabatsira vajaire itsva ezvinhu pashure pokuberekwa. In vacheche fuma iyi iri munzvimbo itsvo, mutsipa pamwe yokumusoro shure, mapfudzi, uye vanenge 5% kurema muviri.

Pamuviri dzimwe nguva vana shava mafuta yakavhenganiswa chena. Nokuti vana shava fuma kwakakosha, sezvo anovadzivirira kubva hypothermia, nokuda izvo vakurumidze vacheche kazhinji kufa. Pamusana chikamu ichi vachangoberekwa haanyanyi chando kupfuura vanhu vakura.

The masero shava mafuta ane rakasiyana unhu - pane akawandisa mitochondria (organelles kuti dzinobatsira simba chekuchengeta). Pamusana kwavari, ivo, chaizvoizvo, vane ruvara ravo. Mitochondria ane chaiyo mapuroteni UCP1, izvo, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda danho ATP usage pakarepo anomuchinja mafuta acids kupinda kupisa.

Triglycerides (lipids) aripo mafuta nziyo muri mifananidzo iyo inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu nokupisa (ATP). Kana mwana inoda yakawanda simba (somuenzaniso, kuti angadziyirwa), mafuta achiona lipolysis. Somugumisiro, pane mafuta acids kuti UCP1 mumasero dzebhurauni mafuta kunochinja kupinda kupisa. Somugumisiro, vasanyanye muviri mafuta reserves. First vakapedza triglycerides mu Brown fuma, uye kana lipid reserves dzinotanga zvinonyauka; nedendere chena.

Somugumisiro, muviri zvinoderedza wayo uremu. Zvisinei, nokuti kushanda acho ari mwana, akaberekwa, vanofanira kudya zvakanaka (kuita Activate lipolysis vanoda simba) uye kufema zvakanaka (nokuti rokuchinja mafuta acids zvinoda okisijeni).

Zvinosuruvarisa mukuru, mashandiro ichi zvishoma nezvishoma simba. Pashure vaviri vhiki pashure pokuberekwa dedera (ari hypothermia maitiro) unotsiva zvinoitwa shava fuma, kunyanya kana vana kupfeka zvinodziya uye chengeta navo rinopisa kamuri.

vanhu vakura

Nhasi, yakawana kuti shava mafuta nedzevakuru iripo. Kwenguva refu zvaifungwa kuti fuma iyi anorasikirwa kukosha kwayo pakazopera gore upenyu rokutanga. Zvisinei, muna 2008, nyanzvi vakatsunga kuti shava adipose zvinyama iri kwete chete anogara mumuviri vakuru (zvakazivikanwa muna 1908), asi ari kusashanda nechando.

Izvi chakawanikwa yaakaita mutsva kuri michina vanoshingaira muviri ari munyama. Takashandisa positron achine-computed tomography, izvo akaratidza kuti mumuviri akura munhu anenge 20-30 magiramu (sezvo shoma) dzichipfekeka shava mafuta, kunyanya supraclavicular munharaunda.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti PET-CT anoona metabolic basa tishu. Physiologist Wouter Van Marken Lihtenbelt yakashuma kuti rimwe boka vechiduku (vanhu 24) vakapiwa chaiwo dose pamusoro radioactive shuga. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti vakwanise kuziva zvakawanda vanoshingaira shava mafuta pedyo chaicho zano.

Pashure paizvozvo, vatori kudzidza kwakaita kukamuri apo tembiricha haana pfuura 16 inegumi. CT scan akaratidza kuti pasi ganda mubhokisi, mutsipa uye dumbu mafuta ari 23 vanhu "anobatsira" jira kuti unoshanda, achidziya vanhu muimba kuchitonhora.

Physiologist, akati kuti nyanzvi vakashamiswa kuona kuti ndizvo zvikuru uye vakawanda saka vanhu. Kana amutsvaka mumupanda tembiricha matatu vechikamu black fuma haana kuwanikwa. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti jira hakuiti kunyangarika, asi akangoti kurega kushanda kwayo.

zvinobudirira

Saka munoziva apo munhu ari mashava mafuta. Hazvisi kupfuura 1-2% kurema muviri. Asi, kana kuti tsitsi tsinga zvinoita zvinyama muna supercooled mhuka avo vakajaira nechando, izvozvo anowedzera kwaro kukuru kugadzirwa. Saka The vanowanika simba anogona kuzadzisa zvimwe chimwe-muzvitatu kupisa vakasikwa mumuviri. Kana shava mafuta ari kusashanda, izvozvo anopedzera kusvika 300 watts or (vamwe kudanwa 400 Watts) paminiti kilogram ari mukuru wacho.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti munhu avhareji uremu pa zororo anopisa pamusoro 1 KW simba. Simba shava mafuta, unogona nhema pamubhedha uye vanopedza kakawanda makumi maviri simba kupfuura kare.

mafuta unopfuta

Ko zvisvundu mafuta? Zvinobatsira kubvisa mafuta. Kana kusashanda, mafuta acids kubva chena adipose rinenge vari kune zvisvundu. The fuma machena iiswe Kamudzira uye mumasero kuti nhengo dzomukati, pasi peganda. Brown, panzvimbo simba kuchengetwa, akapisa akawanda. Somugumisiro, kupisa asunungurwa. Izvi zvinonzi thermogenesis, unotanga basa raro nokuda kwazvo zvokudya zvinodyiwa.

zvakawanikwa

White uye shava mafuta - vari vaviri vakasiyana zvinhu. Oxidative vanokwanisa shava fuma iri ka20 mukuru kupfuura chena. Zvisvundu zvinyama thermogenesis anoita Thermogenin mapuroteni iyo anokurudzira uncoupling afemeruke uye oxidative phosphorylation.

Saka, takaona kuti ichi mashava mafuta. How kuwedzera huwandu mumuviri womunhu kuti zvinobudirira kurwisa kufutisa? Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, vanotsvakurudza haana kushandisa zvinodhaka chete, asiwo zvomusejari rinoreva: kushandisa liposuction vari vakakwana chena mafuta mushoma, kuchinja kuva mashava, uye akasima murume zvakare.

Tichingotarisa, kuti uremu, unofanira kana kuwedzera basa shava fuma panguva dzekudya tembiricha, kana kuwedzera nhamba yaro, kana kuita zvose rokutanga uye rechipiri.

Chirwere cheshuga Nyanzvi Association of United States vanodavira kuti zvisvundu mafuta ine zvinokosha chaizvo urongwa varwere chirwere cheshuga uye kufutisa. Chinonziwo kuti basa rakakwana dzevanhu shava mafuta ari woutsinye, uye uwandu kwayo ipfupi. Saka, munguva yemberi iri pedyo zvinokwanisika kuti chidzoke idzva zvinodhaka uye dzimwe nzira kuwanda uye activation of "anobatsira" zvinhu nedzevakuru.