Chii abstraction

Chii chinonzi abstraction? Munhu wese kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake vakanzwa izwi, asi havasi vose anonyatsoziva zvaanoreva. In sayenzi yemazuva zvinofungirwa kuti abstraction rudzi basa nokuziva kunze nyika, panguva iyo pane Kudzivisa asiri zvinokosha zvinhu chero uye zvinoumba Chiitiko (kana chinhu) kuti kukwanisa govera nouchapupu uye DZINOGARA DZICHIBUDA.

Somugumisiro nezvorumwe kuenda zvavo chokwadi uye hurumende ichiisa mapatani zvinokosha.

Chii chinonzi abstraction? A pfupi zvenhoroondo zvayakaita

Shoko "abstraction" muchiLatin rinoreva "kutikanganisa." Kokutanga ino izwi akanga dzataurwa nokuda Aristotle. Saka chii abstraction? Aristotle aifunga kuti ndiye kuzviitira womuchato pamafungiro, mumwe ane mativi ruzivo uye kudzidza chokwadi. Nenzira, muzivi vakati kuti anosika ane abstraction sayenzi. Pashure pezvose, sayenzi uye uzivi - imwe zvavo mafungiro, iyo hazvibviri pasina pfungwa. Zvinosuruvarisa dzidziso pamusoro akakurumbira ainzi haana kuwanikwa kugamuchirwa.

Munyaya inotevera emakore mashoma, vazivi uye masayendisiti vaidavira kuti abstraction - vanonzi nokudenga. Mushure Pavanotsiva chitendero uye zvechitendero akasvika nesayenzi yechokwadi, vanovimba migumisiro tsvakurudzo, dzidziso iyi awana nenzira yakasiyana. Zvaidavirwa kuti abstraction - chiri mupfungwa munhu ane pfungwa vaisagona zvimwe kuziva indivisible hunhu zvinhu chinhu.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, zvinofungwa nyanzvi tichiregeredza husingaoneki mafungiro akaenda. Vamwe vanoona rutivi pfungwa, vamwewo vanoti chimiro ichi ruzivo kwakakosha muupenyu munhu wose.

Abstract Pfungwa uye abstraction

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti husingaoneki pfungwa - ndicho chikuru chimiro generalized mafungiro. Chokutanga kuziva allocates kutsinga dzinouya ehupfumi ari chinhu, uye zvishoma nezvishoma chinoita kuti kuziva uye kuongorora yaro kuzvigutsa siyana. Saka, chaihwoihwo ehupfumi upi chinhu takatsunga pashure kuongorora ukama pakati pavo, mumwe kubatana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti soro chimiro zvavo kunobatsira kusimbisa kuwedzera kukosha uye zvinokosha zviri chero zvinhu.

Abstraction akadana mupfungwa pakusarudza zvimwe zvinhu zvechadenga zvinhu zvakafanana yakatarwa. Saka, kuziva kwete chete anogona kuziva zvimwe zvivako zvinokosha zvikuru, asi kuti kufungidzira zvimwe mitemo asi vasingazivikanwi.

Forms kushandisa pfungwa

In chete nezviuru zvishomanana makore vachidzidza zvakadaro rudzi ruzivo kwevanhu vaizivikanwa mamwe abstraction. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro chinangwa generalized maonero, tinogona kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera:

• Formal abstraction - ndiwo muitiro mafungiro, umo pfungwa dzevanhu rinozivisa avo zvechadenga chinhu, izvo pachazvo hahugoni kuvapo. Somuenzaniso, chimiro kana Ruvara chinhu. Zvinofadza kuti uyu sei vana kudzidza ruzivo shoma. Formal abstraction ndiyo hwaro yokungotaura mafungiro.
• The kugutsikana abstraction - panguva kudzidza dzibude nekaupenyu akazvimirira ehupfumi. Somuenzaniso, mashoko yoga muviri masero (izvo zviripo pachavo) zvose zvayo STRUCTURAL nhengo.

Kune dzimwe mhando tiivistelmä ruzivo:

• Nyama, kana chinyakare, chaihwoihwo - mu nedanho cognition munhu kunouyisa zvimwe zvivako mumwe chinhu apo vachisiya vamwe. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu anobereka ruvara, asi regai kufungawo chimiro.
• Generalizing abstraction - pataidzidza, nzeve wavhomorwa chete mukuru ehupfumi zvinhu, apo ine zvimwe nomumwe zvinhu vachadzingwa.

Kutaura chokwadi, zvakaoma kupa mhinduro chaiwo wokuti chii chiri abstraction. Mushure nokupfupikisa dzinotsanagura mafungiro anogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru uye ichiita mabasa akawanda.