Chii chinonzi chirwere: tsanangudzo, unhu uye mhando

Kwezvakatipoteredza izere akawandisa "vagari", iro pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvigare zvakadai nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, notumwe tupukanana majemusi. Vanogona kurarama zvakakwana zvinoenderana munhu (non-pathogenic), zviripo muviri pasina kukonzera zvakaipa kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, asi kuva vanoshingaira pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvinhu (mikana) uye kuva nengozi vanhu, achiita kukura chirwere (utachiona). izvi pfungwa zvose chokuita kukura ane chirwere chichingoitwa. Chii chinonzi chirwere, ndedzipi mhando uye unhu - munyaya ino.

zvinhu pfungwa

Chirwere akadana kunzwisisa ukama zvakasiyana zvipenyu, iro rine guru-siyana kuratidzwa - kubva asymptomatic ngoro kukura chirwere. Zvichiitika nemhaka pakatanga yacho microorganism (utachiona, chakuvhe, bacteria) kurarama macroorganism, mukupindura nehondo kuti unovapo kubva chaizvo kudzivirira zvakaitwa.

Features chirwere:

1. Contagiousness - kukwanisa kukurumidza kupararira vachibva munhu anorwara kuti utano.
2. Specificity - vamwe yakananga microorganism kunokonzera chirwere iyo kwese kuti kuratidzwa kwake uye localization mumasero kana nyama.
3. Chinguva - wese kutapuriranwa muitiro ane nguva yaro kosi.

nguva

Pfungwa chirwere iri inobva cyclicity ari pathological muitiro. Kuvapo nguva kukura tsika mumwe akafanana zviratidzo:

1. The incubation nguva - nguva elapses kubvira panguva sumo iri microorganism muMutumbi mupenyu ari chero bedzi pane vokutanga zviratidzo kunotoda zvirwere. Nguva iyi inogona kugara kubva maawa mashomanana akawanda.
2. prodromatsii nguva - the kwaita nevakawanda kunotoda cho ruzhinji pathologic urongwa (nemusoro, utera, kurukutika).
3. Chenjera zviratidzo - yepamusoro chirwere. Panguva iyi, kuva zvakananga zviratidzo chirwere mune mapundu nezvaiitwa tembiricha makakombama kurova munyama vemo.
4. Convalescence - nguva kutsakatika ari kurapwa mufananidzo uye murwere apore.

Mhando noutachiona pezvakaitwa

Kuti uone mamwe mashoko pamusoro nyaya dzakadaro chirwere, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii. Kune vazhinji vemadzimai classifications zvichienderana mavambo, dzenzvimbo, localization, nhamba microbial utachiona, uye zvichingodaro. D.

1. Saizvozvowo ari kupinda pakati utachiona:

• Exogenous muitiro - kunoratidzwa ne kupinda pakati nayo utachiona kubva zvekunze zvakatipoteredza;
• endogenous muitiro - zvaanopa simba vane conditionally pathogenic microflora pasi pokudzora rwakashata zvinhu.

2. By mavambo:

• vaingoerekana muitiro - dzinoratidzwa kusavapo kupindira kwevanhu;
• Mutyairi wendege - chirwere akatunhidzwa artificially murabhoritari.

3. Maererano nenhamba tusingaoneki:

• monoinfection - kukonzerwa chete mhando nayo utachiona;
• yakavhenganiswa - raisanganisira mhando zvakawanda utachiona.

4. Kuti:

• chikuru muitiro - chete akazviratidza chirwere;
• muitiro yechipiri - kunoteverwa kuwedzera mamwe zvinotapukira zvokurwara pamusoro pakanyorwa zvikuru chirwere.

5. Localization:

• gwapa chimiro - the microorganism ndiyo chete panzvimbo iyo hwapinda mukati hondo muviri;
• generalized chimiro - the utachiona dzakapararira muviri mimwe subsidence dzimwe nzvimbo kufarira.

Kana utachiona rakapararira kuburikidza muropa, asi regai muwandeko, mamiriro rinonzi viremia (the causative mumiririri - utachiona), bacteremia (utachiona), fungemia (notumwe), parasitaemia (majemusi). Kana ropa chokuwanziridza kuti utachiona kusimukira sepsis.

6. Kuvhiringidzika Netsika:

• chenjera chirwere - ane inopenya kunotoda mufananidzo uye rinovapo anopfuura shomanana;
• chisingaperi chirwere - dzinoratidzwa usimbe kuitika, anogona kugara kwemakumi emakore, ine exacerbation (kuitazve).

7. Pazera Accessories:

• "Childish" Zvirwere - runonyanya kukanganisa vana pakati pemakore 2 uye makore 10 okuberekwa (huku pox, diphtheria, nezvitsvuku fivha, whooping chikosoro);
• "Adult chirwere," pfungwa hauna, sezvo kune utachiona kuti anokonzera kunoita chirwere vakuru, muviri wemwana sezvo kugumbuka.

Pane pfungwa reinfection uye superinfection. Kana wokutanga, munhu akapora zvachose mushure chirwere utachiona zvakare chete utachiona hwakakura. By superinfection reinfection kunoitika kunyange mukurwara (utachiona hwakakura utachiona vari laminated pane mumwe).

akawira nzira

Pane kutevedzera kupinda zvigare kuti zvinopa kutapurirana utachiona kubva nharaunda kupinda hondo muviri:

• fecal-zvokuudzwa (alimentary chinosanganisira, mvura uye kuonana-mudzimba);
• transmissible (ropa) - zvinosanganisira pabonde, parenteral uye zvipembenene ikaruma;
• aerogenic (kuenda neherikoputa guruva uye kuenda neherikoputa);
• onana-kurara, kuonana-ronda.

For utachiona akawanda dzinoratidzwa chaicho nenzira kupinda mune makro-muviri. Kana Kupfuudzwa mashandiro ari hwakakanganiswa, chirwere sevasingazivi kana achiipa mu kuonekwa.

Localization chirwere

Zvichienderana nedambudziko nzvimbo, marudzi anotevera kutapukirwa:

1. Intestinal. The pathological kwacho kunoitika muna nemudumbu, pomutumwa anopinda fecal-nomumukanwa nzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira salmonellosis, nemanyoka, rotavirus, sefivha.
2. Respiratoria. Kwacho rikaitika okumusoro kufema turakiti, tusingaoneki dziri "kutamira" kakawanda achishandisa mhepo (yokuSpain, adenovirus utachiona, parainfluenza).
3. Exterior. Utachiona isva ganda uye mucous membranes, kuchikonzera fungal utachiona, scabies, microspores STDs.
4. Ropa. Utachiona anopinda muropa, vakatakudzwa ne mberi yose muviri (HIV, hepatitis B, chirwere chokuita zvipembenene ikaruma).

intestinal noutachiona

Funga nezveimwe pathological pezvakaitwa ari muenzaniso mumwe mapoka - intestinal noutachiona. Chii chinonzi chirwere ari zvomudumbu turakiti womunhu, uye hwakasiyana pakudini?

Zvirwere dzaimirirwa mapoka zvinogona kukonzerwa chirwere kwemabhakitiriya, fungal uye nemavhairasi mavambo. Nemavhairasi tusingaoneki inokwanisa zvinopfuura mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ari intestinal turakiti, inokurukurwa kune rotaviruses uye enteroviruses. Vanokwanisa kwete chete kuti chakapinzwa fecal-nemumuromo nzira, asiwo mumate anorova epithelium rokumusoro kufema turakiti uye kukonzera herpetic kwazvo huro.

Chirwere zvirwere (Salmonella, manyoka) vari wakapiwa chete nokuda fecal-nomumukanwa nzira. Zvirwere fungal mavambo kuitika mukupindura kuchinja womukati muviri, yomuka pasi zviito inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana kushandisa gadziriro hormone refu, muna immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus intestinal chirwere, izvo kurapwa anofanira nzwisisika uye nenguva, pfungwa, uyewo mamwe chirwere iri hafu zvekuchipatara zviitiko nemavhairasi chirwere intestinal pathologies. Munhu ane HIV anoonekwa ngozi nzanga kubva kumagumo incubation nguva kusvikira kunaya zvakakwana.

Rotavirus intestinal chirwere muvana kunoitika kwakaoma kupfuura nedzevakuru. Step chenjera kuratidzwa achiperekedzwa chiremba mufananidzo zvinotevera:

• abdominal kurwadziwa;
• manyoka (chetsoka ane chiedza ruvara, unogona kuva ropa kumwedzi);
• kurutsa;
• hyperthermia;
• runny mhino;
• kuzvimba huro.

Rotavirus intestinal chirwere muvana kakawanda achabatsirwa panomuka muzvikoro uye preschools. Pakazosvika makore 5, vana vakawanda vakawana pamusoro pachangu kuitwa rotaviruses. Zvichitevera chirwere kuitika kwete nesimba sezvinoita chiremba nyaya yokutanga.

kuvhiya chirwere

Varwere vakawanda vapiwa kuvhiya kupindira, vanofarira mubvunzo hworudzii kuvhiya noutachiona. Ndiyo chete muitiro muviri womunhu kusakarongeka pamwe utachiona hwakakura, chete kuitika pamusoro pakanyorwa kushanda kana yaida kuvhiya kupindira kudzorera mashandiro neumwe chirwere.

Ko chenjera (purulent, chinonyangadza, zvakananga, anaerobic) uye chisingaperi muitiro (yakananga uye nonspecific).

Zvichienderana nzvimbo kuvhiya chirwere yoga chirwere:

• ari munyoro munyama;
• mapfundo mapfupa;
• pfungwa uye ayo ezvirevo;
• of abdominal mhango;
• thoracal mhango;
• pelvic nhengo;
• nomumwe zvinoriumba kana nhengo (mammary shwanu, bhurasho, mira uye zvichingodaro. d.).

Vaishandira zvomusejari zvirwere

Pari chinonyanya kugara "vakokwa" rikwanise purulent pezvakaitwa ndiwo:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Gateway kupinda dzavo maronda siyana pamusoro mucous membranes uye ganda, abrasions, ikaruma, anokwenya, ducts mumasero (ziya uye sebaceous). Kana munhu ane chirwere foci kuunganidza tusingaoneki (chisingaperi tonsillitis, rhinitis, mazino), vanova chinokonzera kupatsanurwa utachiona rose muviri.

chirwere kurapwa

At moyo kurasira pathological microflora causal kurapwa nechinangwa Achabvisa zvinokonzera chirwere. Zvichienderana mhando mutumwa akashandisa zvinotevera mumapoka medicaments:

1. Mishonga (kana nayo utachiona - utachiona). Uchisarudza boka antibacterial yomuchipatara uye kuti imwe mushonga pahwaro bacteriological kuongororwa uye Kutsunga nomumwe nehanya of microorganism.
2. Antiviral (kana causative mumiririri - utachiona). In zvakafanana, kushandisa zvinodhaka kuti kusimbisa okuchengetedza dzemuviri.
3. Antifungal yomuchipatara (kana causative mumiriri - the chakuvhe).
4. Worming (kana utachiona hwakakura - nehonye kana nyore).

Treatment kutapukirwa muvana pasi 2 Makore Anopera muchipatara, kuitira kuti tidzivise matambudziko.

mhedziso

Mushure panowanikwa chirwere, tine chimwe utachiona hwakakura, imwe nyanzvi anopedzera Kusiyanisa uye anosarudza kudiwa muchipatara. Iva nechokwadi kuti kutaridzwa zita zvimwe chirwere chirwere, uye kwete shoko "chirwere". Nhoroondo chirwere, iyo achabereka muchipatara, rine mashoko ose pamusoro zvokukura nechirwere uye vabatwe chimwe chirwere. With pasina chikonzero hospitalize murwere mashoko ose akadaro wakanyorwa mepu outpatient.