Chii chinonzi kenza ye trachea inoita sei? Zviratidzo, kurapwa kwechirwere chechechi

Zvirwere zvepachikafu mumatchea hazviitiki kakawanda. Kazhinji, vanoongororwa mune varume 40-60 yemakore. Madzimai, kenza ye trachea inoitika zvishoma. Mune vana, maooplasms mu trachea ane urombo mune 90% emhosva.

Trachea. Hurongwa uye tsanangudzo

Chokutanga pane zvose, kuitira kuti unzwisise zviri kuitika, zvinokosha kuti unzwisise kuti trachea pachayo ndeyei. Iyo ibhu, iyo yakareba inenge masendimita gumi nemashanu, uye yakareba inopfuura 3 cm. Kutanga kwetrachea iri pasi pemarara, ipapo nhengo shure kwe sternum inoburuka. Iyo trachea inogoverwa mu 2 tubes, inonzi bronchi.

Chimiro chetrachea ndeye 18-22 marefu masheti echetilaginous. Mushure wegonhi imwe neimwe yakafukidzwa nemisungo uye inogadzirisa maviri. Icho chiri mukati chetrachea chakasungirirwa nekamu membrane. Pachinoputika, trachea inowedzera uye inova yakareba, pamhepo inobuda-inotora kuwanda kwechimiro.

Mwana wacho ane zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma. Inotanga pamakilomita mana, uye apo iwe unokura.

Mhando yemakumbo

Neoplasms inogona kuva yakaipa mumasikirwo. Zvose zvinowanzo:

1. Chondroma. Ichi chisimbiso chinonzi nodular chigadzirwa mumaketani echechiraginous. Nzvimbo inonyanya kuwanikwa yekuona nzvimbo ndeyemarara.
2. Hemangioma. Iko kwakagadzirirwa kwakanyanyisa kugadziriswa kwema capillary tissue.
3. Papilloma. Neoplasms inokonzerwa navanhu papillomavirus. Nenzira inofanana neholiflower. Dambudziko rinowanzosangana nehuduku.

Kutaura nezvezvinetso zvekufema, nguva zhinji vanoyeuka kenza yemapapu. Trachea oncology inobata zvishoma. Kazhinji kacho kazhinji, zvinotevera zviremara zvinowanikwa pano:

1. Cylinder. Kuparara kwechiremera chema epithelial masero emaronda ane mucous. Dambudziko guru ndiro tsika yekudzokazve uye metastasis. Uyu kenza yemu trachea inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Murwere anokwanisa kurarama nechomuviri kwemakore anenge mashanu. Paivawo nematambudziko epanguva refu yechirwere.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma. Dumbu racho rinokura kubva kumusvingo we lateral kana mushure mekupedzisira kwetetchea. Kenza inozivikanwa ye trachea mu 50% yemhosva inoreva rudzi urwu. Pane hutano hwepabonde. Vanowanzogara varwere varume vakuru kupfuura makore makumi mana. Upenyu huri kutarisirwa pasina kurapwa ndeyemakore 1-2.
3. Sarcoma. Kazhinji kazhinji inowanzoenda panzvimbo yekubatanidza kwetrachea. Izvo zvakaoma kufungidzira, inowanzotarirwa muzvikamu zvekare.

Pamakumbo anowanzoshamisa uye asingasviki, pane carcinoids, reticulosarcomas, neurofibromas, lymphogranulomatosis uye vamwe.

Zvinokanganisa

Pane zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera kenza yemutambo. Zviratidzo zvezvirwere izvi hazvitaridzi kutyisidzira, asi zvinoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kubva kunechiremba. Saka, somuenzaniso, semugumisiro wekurwiswa kwemazuva ose, zvinogona kuonekwa zvinopisa zvinokonzera kusimba (stenosis) ye trachea. Kana iyo endoscopy isingagoneki munguva, chirwere chakaipa chinogona kuitika.

Mune vamwe varwere, mutambo unosangana ne trachea uye inophagus inokura zvisingaitiki. Somugumisiro, fistula inowoneka, inokonzera matapu uye zvinetso zvematambudziko. Sekuzviisa mungozi kune mimwe miviri yekunze inowira mu trachea.

Chirwere chechirwere chinogona kukura nekuda kwekunyorova kwemasumbu. Izvi zvinonzi tracheomalacia. Utano hunowanzoreva hutano hwekuzvarwa, uye hunoda kugara uchitarisa. Vanhu vakuru vanotambura nemhando dzakashata dzechechea nekuda kwekusvuta kusvuta.

Hazvibvumirwi kukanganwa kubatana kwetracheal. Izvi zvinoita kuti kufema kuome, uye kunokonzera kukura kwe oncology. Kutsiva kunoshandiswa kupedza ngozi inowanikwa.

Zviratidzo zvehutano hwehupenyu

Kurapa kenza, zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvaro zvakaoma kugadzirisa pamatanho ekutanga, zvose zvinowanzoonekwa uye zvakasiyana. Kune zvikamu zvakasikwa, nekuda kwezvirwere zvechirwere, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Kupisa kunokwira;
• Kurasikirwa kukuru kwekurema;
• Kuputsa kwechido;
• Kuneta;
• Kurasikirwa kwechido muupenyu.

Zviratidzo zvemunharaunda

Kunyanya, izvo zvinonzi mazamuro emunharaunda, izvo zvinopa kenza yematchechea zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti chirwere chinokura kwemwedzi inopfuura 8:

1. Kuonekwa kwekufema kwekufema. Ichi chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti pane dzidzo inopetesa chiedza chetetchea.
2. Mamiriro ekutsvaira. Inoitika munzvimbo inoreva nhema, panguva yekuzorora kana kurara. Inotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti murwere anogona kunzwa akanakidzwa chete kana agere.
3. Yakasimba yakaoma chifufuro. Chiratidzo chinogona kuonekwa sechiratidziro chebronchitis kana chirwere chemafi, asi hachipinduri kurapwa. Chikoro chinowedzera apo muviri unoshanduka.
4. Sputum secretion nekunhuhwirira. Chiratidzo chekupedzisira, kuratidza kuora kwemarara.
5. Dambudziko kukumedza. Zviratidzo zvemuviri uri kumashure kwetrachea. Neoplasm inokura ichienda, iyo inonoka kudya.
6. Izwi rinoshanduka. Kutya uye kutyisa kunoratidza kuti mishonga yenguva dzose inobatwa.
7. Mheremhere mukufema. Inotarisa pane kuvhara kana kubuda.
8. Dambudziko mukufema. Pakutanga kwegadziriro, trachea inokwanisa kuwedzera pakufuridzirwa, asi nedzimwe dambudziko. Nekugadzirwa kwechirwere chekenza - kunetseka kunofambidzana kwete kungoerekana kurima, asiwo kubuda.

Chimwe nechimwe chezviratidzo izvi chinogona kuratidza chiremba, saka vanofanirwa kurondedzerwa muchirwere.

Zvikamu zvekenza

Nhanho dzekenza ye trachea, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzezvechirongwa, dzinotsanangurwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwechirwere, kuvapo kwemasimisita, mararamiro ehutachiona. Pose pane zvikamu zvina:

1. Ukuru hwemuviri kune 3 cm. Hapana metastasis.
2. Kubudirira kwemarara kusvika 6 cm. Metastasis kune lymph nodes iri pedo inogoneka.
3. Neoplasm inopfuura masendimita matanhatu. Chirwere chinokonzera kuchinja mumatumbu akaipoteredza. Iko kune maitiro.
4. Dumbu racho rinokura zvisingachinji kunze kwemuviri. Kune miitiro yakawanda, nhengo dziri kure kubva panzvimbo yekutanga dzinogona kuchinjwa.

Pachigamba chekutanga, kenza ye trachea (chithunzi) haisi kutyisa zvakare. Ichi chinhu chiduku chakaumbwa kana chirungu, chinogona kuchinjwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyo yakakwirira padanho rekufambira mberi, kunyanya chirwere chacho chinofanira kurapwa. Ndicho chikonzero apo zviratidzo zvechirasi zvinoonekwa, iwe unofanira kutsvaga mazano uye rubatsiro. Muchikamu chechina, zvinenge zvisingabviri kuponesa murwere.

Kurapa

Zvisarudzo zvekurapa kenza yemuchechea zvinotamira pane zvinhu zvakawanda. Chiremba anofanira kusimbisa rudzi rwechirwere, kuratidza hukuru hwayo, kuisa danho rekufambira mberi. Mukuwedzera, zera remurwere, uye hutano hwake husati hwaonekwa ye oncology inotorwa. Apo kucherechedza zviremara, zvose zvinotyisa uye zvisingabatsiri, nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa kushandiswa kubviswa. Kunyanya kukosha chirevo ichi ndecheioplasms, iyo yakakura inotora pasi pehafu yehukuru hwe trachea. Kana zvichibvira, mushure mekurapwa, chirwere chinoshayikwa chetrachea chinodzorerwa.

Chirwere chekenza chetrachea haiti mhinduro dzinobatsira. Muchiitiko chisingaverengeki, kusanganiswa chemotherapy pamwe nekuwedzerwa nenzira ye carboplatin kana nedaplatin pamwe chete nekujekesa kwemazuva ano kunoitwa. Mumwe munhu ane chirwere chechirwere anobvumira chete brachytherapy.

Kana bundu racho risingagoni kubviswa, mhepo inoenderera mberi inowedzera nehuipi hunoiswa mukati me trachea. Izvi zvinonzi trachyronchronic stent yemugumisiro wekupumha.

Nzira yekuita chirwere

Kazhinji kacho, varwere vanoziva kuti vari kutendeukira kuchiremba ane nguva yakareba inotonhora, bronchitis kana kuti asthma. Kana chiremba akawana chikonzero chokusava nechokwadi nemamiriro ezvinhu emurwere, zvino anogadza mimwe miedzo. Kazhinji izvi ndizvo zvinotevera:

1. Laryngoscopy, iyo inoita kuti zvibone kuonekwa neoplasm muchikamu chepamusoro chetrachea.
2. Tracheotomy, iyo inobvumira kusungirwa kuduku kuongorora mamiriro ekunze emurachea.
3. X-ray nechinopesana, kuti aone nzvimbo yechipfupa.
4. Nyuchi, yakagadzirirwa mukuwana sampu yezvimedu zvechirwere che histology uye cytology.

Kuti uwane kunyatsoongorora, MRI kana CT scan inoitwa.

Prophylaxis yekenza ye trachea

Kudzivirira chero chirwere chiri nyore kupfuura kuchirapa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anofanira kuva nepfungwa yekuvapo kana kusavapo kweHIVV mumuviri, iyo chirwere chepilloma chevanhu chiri pangozi yekutsvaira muhupenyu hwehupenyu. Mukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa nokuzvidira kurega kusvuta, kunyanya mushure memakore makumi mana, apo muviri unopindira zvakanyanyisa kune simba rekunze. Chikamu chinopesana nekuputira kusvuta kuvanhu avo vakatambura mamwe marudzi ekenza. Kunyatsodzivirira kudzivirira kwemafupa maitiro kunowedzera muviri, kufamba, kugara uchirovedza muviri pasina kuwedzera, kudya kwakakodzera nekuchengetwa kweimwe nzira yehupenyu.

Zvakakosha kutsamwa nekuita kudzivirira kwebronchitis uye chirwere chemafi. Nokufamba kwenguva, ona nekubata zvirwere zvekufema. Kamwe kamwe pagore, munhu wese anofanirwa kutaridzirwa chiremba kune chiremba uyo, kana akafungidzirwa kuva nechirwere, achatumira kune unyanzvi akakodzera.

Zviratidzo zvokurapa

Kuita chirevo chekudzorera, chiremba anofanira kufungisisa zvimwe zvinhu. Sangano rake rechechi yezvedzidzo, chiyero chekuvharwa kwechiedza chetrachea, tsika yekudzoka zvakare, kusakanganiswa kwegadziriro yacho kunoongororwa. Pasinei nekuti kenza yematchechea inotyisa, nekurapa panguva yakakodzera kunogona kudzoka.

Kana murwere ane chikafu chekenza ye trachea, zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvinofanira kuverengwa. Murwere anofanira kuongororwa, mushure mokunge chiremba achakwanisa kunyatsoongorora nekuita kurapa kwakakodzera. Usakanganwa kuti kurapwa kwechirwere pane imwe nguva yekutanga, zvakanyanya kubudirira.