Kalmyks: chitendero, tsika uye nhoroondo yevanhu

Kwete kazhinji Europe, kune vanhu vanotaura mutauro Mongolian. Uye vanoda kuva vose zvavo vanogara muRepublic of Kalmykia. Kalmyk vanhu vakauya kunyika kamwe akadana ari Polovtsian inowanzorimwa. Vasvika muzana remakore rechi17, nharaunda iyi yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Kalmyk inowanzorimwa. Nhasi, ndiwo Republic of Kalmykia. The mepu inoratidza chaiyo nzvimbo yaro.

nyaya

Kujairika vanhu - Kalmyks. Nhoroondo yevanhu midzi kare. Kuchitanga Asia. Kalmyks - zvemo vemadzinza West Mongolian inonzi Oirats. Ivowo, akapinda mukuru Mongol Empire akasikwa Genghis Khan. Akakwanisa ibatane anenge marudzi ose kurarama panguva iyoyo iri munharaunda Central Asia.

Oirats akatsigira Genghis Khan yake kukunda kuRussia, kuCaucasus, China, Asia uye Korea. Panguva iyoyowo, zvakasikwa neboka vezvikwata zvechiuto, dzakanga akapfuura nhaka mabasa. Nokufamba kwenguva, zviyero izvi vava madzinza kuti zvichiripo. Nhasi, varege ukoshi zvakadai, achangogara zvakawanda chokuita kukunda. Somuenzaniso, pane boka Torgouts. Saka akadana vanhu vakanga vakarinda Mongol khans. hosheutov boka kwaisanganisira vaya vakashumira nechemberi mauto, Derbets - ndiye vamabhiza Army.

The Mongol Empire yaiva hombe. Matambudziko Domestic vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo pano. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakatungamirira kwayo paradzanisa. Oirat khans vakaramba kuteerera zvikuru Mongol mambo.

Nheyo chitendero Kalmyks

Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17 zviri Kalmyks vaiita pechishamani. Asi rinoita mamishinari Tibet chave chokwadi kuti vakawanda Kalmyks kuti vagamuchire chiBuddha. Asi hazvina kubatsira kuramba kuvimbika Mongolian vanhu. Internecine hondo mberi. Kunyange zvakadaro, chiBuddha, Lamaism zvikuru ndokuwarira pamusoro munharaunda ano Republic of Kalmykia.

Kalmyk Khanate aiva chikamu Russia kusvikira 1771. Mukutanga zvokukura ivepo, vatongi Russian havana vachikoshesa zvikuru kukosha kune zvemukati mudziyo. Religion Kalmyks vaiva rusununguko rwavo rwokusarudza, uye hurumende asingagari kupindira mutsika dzavo. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, vatongi Russia akatanga kutora matanho uye kukurudzira vaya vakatora Orthodoxy. Kalmyks vanenge inini ari tsika rubhabhatidzo, vaibvumirwa kuenda mamwe maguta nemisha Russia.

Pakupera muzana remakore rechi18 wokuRussia mamiriro yakawedzera chipingaidzo munyaya dzomunyika upenyu Kalmyk Khanate zvishoma nezvishoma vakaomerwa kodzero Kalmyks, uye muna 1771 zvakanzi zvachose chapedzwa. Panguva iyo Russian hurumende nokubatanidzwazve Kalmyks kudzora akanga akatakurwa kunze. Zvakachena uye kodzero Kalmyk vanhu yaichengeterwawo zvakakwana. Apo Astrakhan mudunhu akanga akasika Kalmyk rwendo Affairs, iri hanya pakushandisa ulus. Gare gare, muna 1847, njodzi Kalmyk vanhu chouviri Bazi State Property.

Kalmyks. namata

hurumende yeRussia akaedza vomanikidza Kalmyk vanhu panyaya rokutendeutsa kuti chiKristu. Pamberi chimurenga pakati Kalmyks akaramba yechiBhudha vafundisi kodzero, dzakanga vakaradzikwa ra1640. Nokufamba kwenguva, uye mukutenda Orthodox vakatanga kugadzirisa Kalmyks. Chitendero pakutanga kuti nokukurumidza pashure pakuvhurwa upristi Astrakhan, Kalmykia kubva munharaunda yakakura yaiva chikamu Astrakhan diocese rakapararira. Zvadaro hurumende yeRussia akatora matanho kuti pave kuushumiri, haazivi Kalmyks vaKristu. Pakati pezana remakore rechi19 mamishinari sangano zvasvika apogee kwayo. In seminaries vakatanga kudzidzisa mutauro Kalmyk. Muna 1871 akatanga kuvapo kwayo Orthodox Missionary Committee, vane kuitwa chikoro rakarongwa uye akazarura dumba kwavaigona kurarama Kalmyks. Chitendero zvikuru achinja njodzi Kalmyk vanhu. Vanhu vaigona kuwana vakadzikama dzidzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, chikoro rava mumishinari chikoro chikuru, iyo inodzidzisa vadzidzisi uye vaparidzi vaifanira zvakaitika ruzivo mune zvokunamata Kalmyk yawo.

Kwete chaizvo nokushingaira akatora zvakadai echimurenga zvakagadzirwa Kalmyks. Buddha akaramba nokuti vakawanda Kalmyk vanhu chikuru Mwari. ChiKristu yakanga aimiririrwa ainyanya dzinobva Russia. tsika dzayo zvakadzama havadi kushandura Kalmyks. Chitendero sezvo zvakanga zvakaoma kuchinja. Chii chitendero Kalmyks? mubvunzo uyu haisi mhinduro iri nyore. Ipapo pakati Kalmyks uye Orthodox, uye vaBhudha, uye kunyange mashameni.

Matambudziko Kalmyk vanhu

VaKomonisiti vakasvika simba pesvedzero inobatsira nhoroondo Kalmyk nharaunda. Zvakanga avo akadzorera kubatana uye statehood Kalmyks vakadzokera. 1926 kwakaratidza kutanga Kalmyk zvionera Oblast, izvo akazozivikanwa sezvo Kalmyk ASSR. Asi upenyu hwechitendero pakati Kalmyks panguva yakatambura zvikuru. Chero basa rechitendero zvachose achimhanya roughshod. Pakunamata matambudziko zvisati ruzivo Kalmyks. Chitendero ari pakati 30s yave chapedzwa chose. Muna 1943, Kalmyk vanhu akadzingirwa siyana dzeRussia. Uye nharaunda yavo yakava Russian. Uye makore chete 10 gare gare Kalmyks vakanga zvakare kukwanisa kudzokera kunyika yavo. Kalmyk ASSR atangazve upenyu. Asi chitendero chepamutemo munharaunda yacho kugarwa uye hazvina kusvikira 80s. nokudzvinyirirwa Spiritual achiri akanzwa Kalmyks. chitendero chechiKristu vakatanga vamutsidzirwezve chete muna 1984. Pakutanga izvi kuwanikwa ane yeko Orthodox mumusha Priyutnoe. Izvi chakaratidza inonzi yakapedza Kalmykia muna Stavropol diocese. Pakati Kalmyk vakawanda vakatanga kuonekwa munharaunda itsva, dzakadai vaBaptist uye maPentecosti. In Kalmykia, kunewo yechiBhudha munharaunda, iyo yakaumbwa muna 1988.

Zvakakurukurwa tsika Kalmyks

Pasinei nematambudziko akawanda uye anongofamba nemararamiro, kwete kwekanguva vanokanganwa tsika dzavo Kalmyks. Religion uye tsika yevanhu vagara vakasonganira asingaoneki shinda. Kalmyks akanga zvakaoma exchange pakutenda kwechiKristu. tsika emakore-kare vakazviitira akanzwa. Pashure pemakore akawanda panyika ino vaiita pechishamani. Hazvibviri kubvarura kubva pamwoyo Kalmyks. The peculiarity pamusoro tsika yevanhu ichi uye nhasi zvinoratidzwa Mongolian vanhu. Kalmyk Modern nzanga zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa ayo chetsika ani, asi pane tsika zvakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi.

chinyakare zvinhu

Fire Kalmyks vaiona dzvene maatomu akafanana. Nezvake kwete kamwe kutaurwa tsika mabasa Kalmyk vanhu. tsika Deep, tsika uye tsika Kalmyks kubvumira kuti titaure navo somunhu dzinza yakazvimirira.

Fire kuna Kalmyk vanhu kwainzi muenzaniso kuna Sun Mwari. Naizvozvo, pano pane kurambidzwa Somuenzaniso, kuyambuka mumoto, kana regai hanya nezvake anonzi chivi chiito. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kudzima moto nemvura. Unofanira kumirira kusvikira achibuda. Kubvumirwa kuzadza moto nejecha kana pasi.

Kunamatwa moto kwainzi rinokosha zvainobatsira. Kalmyks kunyange kuita zvimwe tsika Kuyananisira moto. Yaiva mhando chibayiro. Kapoka moto - iri National chepfungwa Kalmyks. It akatsanangura nayo munhau mabasa mazhinji. Pasina chibayiro moto haagoni kuita chinhu chimwe chete muchato kana mariro. Uye nhasi tinogona kuona mhemberero iyo mupristi anopa mhuka moto uye kuverenga munyengetero unokosha. Nokuti ichi, anobvunza chikomborero wavanamwari chipo mufaro muupenyu hwemhuri mwanasikana wake.

Funeral mitambo uyewo anoenda asina chibayiro moto. Pazuva rechinomwe uye-mana namapfumbamwe zuva avigwa nehama wemufi vane kubayira makwai moto, zvokudya saka akashaya hama. Kalmyks nomwoyo wose tenda kuti moto rudzi rukoronga pakati nyika mupenyu uye akatunhidzwa nyaya.

kunamata moto

Kalmyks zvakasimba kuti moto une simba raMwari. Ndokusaka hapana rokuchenesa tsika zvakakwana pasina moto. tsika dzakadaro zvinotsanangurwa kunyange dzenhoroondo mabasa. Somuenzaniso, basa A. Amur-Sanan akatsanangura moto setsika yaidzivirira vafambi mumugwagwa. The moto dzakatanga kudirwa tsama munyu. Ipapo vakapfuura pakati maviri moto mombe, uye kwavari ndiko munzira chekufambisa. Nhasi, ari Kalmyks moto uye kuchenesa dzimba dzavo, obnosya akapoteredza mumba kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira. Pashure pemariro, anofanira kuitawo kuchenesa tsika moto nokuisa maoko enyu pamusoro payo.

Zvechihedheni uye chiBuddha iri tsika Kalmyks zvakasimba zvakanyatsobatana. Vechihedheni akati moto, semumiriri zuva Mwari, kana pane, muchihedheni ichi pachayo zuva Mwari. Saka, anofanira kubayira zvigadzirwa zvose kuva noushamwari hunhu. Zvingava mafuta, girisi, doro zvokunwa. tsika wechiBuddha anomiririra moto sechiratidzo uchenjeri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti rinogona kushandiswa kupisa chero mukusaziva.

Yezvakaita Kalmyk vanhu

Kalmyks, uyewo mamwe etnonarodnosti zvakasiyanawo hunhu vayo. Chekutanga, ivo pachena. vanhu vakadaro vanonzi extroverts. Chechipiri, vane mazano uye kodzera. Kalmyks uye vamwe yokusafa maximalism. Calmac nguva dzose anoedza kuti mabasa makuru. Haangarambi kutambisa nguva yako uye kutarisirwa pamusoro Implementation muzvirongwa duku. Munyika yose, kukura uye pamwero - izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa mumoyo Kalmyks.

Kalmyks - zvikuru yapakuvamba vanhu. Pose pazvinoita, vanoedza kuratidza individualism kwavo uye kuti ndirumbidzwe rukuru sezvinobvira. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Kalmyk vanhu noruremekedzo rukuru nokuda nokuzviremekedza vamwe.

Kalmyks vari kushingaira, simba uye unyanzvi. Izvi zvinogona kutongwa kwete chete nokuda kufamba dzavo uye nyika vachitamba, asiwo kutaura kwavo. Kalmyks vanotaura yainakidza, aichinja-chinja, gona uye muchidimbu. Vamwe mabhuku Kalmyk nayo anofananidzwa muchina-pfuti mutinhimira.

Anenge Kalmyks zvose - remangwana rakanaka. Ivo nguva dzose pfungwa zvakanaka zvinhu muupenyu, munhu vachida kuona chete hwakanaka. All mabasa dzekare zvavo epics aiva akanaka chaizvo nemagumo.

Anongofamba vanhu vagara vakatsvaka rumbidzo. Chido vatungamiri chero basa tinoberekwa uye Kalmyks. Izvi vanhu vanozvikudza kwazvo, asi kwete vanozvikudza. ChiBuddha akawanda Yakanatswa kuziva Kalmyks sokudada nokuti muBhudha - chivi unofa.

Sezvo chiBhudha muna Kalmykia imwe huru kufamba munyika yechitendero akavaka yakawanda muBhudha mutemberi.

Temple of Victory Great (Kalmykia). tsananguro

Mugore Oktyabrsky kudunhu Kalmykia (musha Tsaryn Large) musha mumwe kupfuura munharaunda dzechiBhudha. Heino zvikuru kwazvo temberi wechiBuddha muna Kalmykia - temberi Victory Great. Zvivako muBhudha dzechitendero inonzi khurul. khurul Izvi rakadzikwa muna 2002. Just 2 Makore vavaki akakwanisa kuziva basa Sangadzhieva Yu, anonzi yakanakisisa murongedzeri Kalmykia. October 11, 2002 mikova Great Victory Temple pamutemo akazarurwa. Khurul rakavakwa nekuvongwa mipiro kubva muBhudha munharaunda pacharo, vagari Oktyabrsky dzoruwa uye Sponsors. Purezidhendi Kalmykia, Ilyumzhinov KN uyewo mari yavo rokuvaka.

Temberi chivako 18-mita. The chinokosha inoremekedzwa munamato horo, apo aritari iri. Pamberi mhenyu khurul mamongi. Uyewo pane nzvimbo kugamuchira vaenzi Lama. Buddha Statue akazviratidza nokuda kwekushereketa zvivezwa Vaskina Korobeynikova B. uye C. The nechepakati chiyamuro vhiri Dzidziso yakashongedzwa manhamba uye nondo akaita Galushkinym Nikolaem.

Uyewo khurul ndiyo chidhori Buddha of Medicine uye dzakaunganidzwa magwaro uye tanok huru.

In Kalmykia dzakawanda muBhudha temberi, muri kufarira vashanyi.

Ėlista - nzvimbo tsika wechiBuddha

Ėlista ndiro guta guru reRepublic of Kalmykia. The mepu inoratidza nzvimbo yaro.

Chiri guta kujairika, hazvina kufanana vakawanda mumaguta Russian. Zvinonzi yakashongedzwa mutemberi dzechiBuddha uye mavara zvivako mapurani Eastern. Vanhu vaigara ėlista, nemaonero uye kumabvazuva. Eastern vanoda tsika vanofanira kushanyira ėlista. Hekuno Buddha temberi zvikuru rakaisvonaka, inozivikanwa Europe yose. Panewo yechiBhudha yemamongi, nzvimbo kufarira zviri Dalai Lama pakushanya kwake kuna Kalmykia. In ėlista, pane imwe kukwezvana chinoshamisa - Gate Golden, izvo anozadzisa zvishuwo zvose. Ėlista - kusimba itaundi. Kalmyks - inopenya vanhu. Pano rinogona akanzwa zvakazara. Beautiful zvokupfeka, kutamba - ichi zvose chinosiyanisa Kalmyks nezvimwe Asian uye Mongolian vemarudzi. Ėlista wakakurumbira kwete chete nokuda muBhudha zvivakwa. Panewo zvinokwezva vakazvipira wechesi.

Chokwadi chokuti wechesi nokuda Kalmyks vanoonekwa rakakura chitandadzo. Pano vanogara vakabata World Chess Championship.

Temple of "Golden kunogara Buddha"

khurul ichi vaiona imwe makurusa kwete chete muna Republic of Kalmykia, asi muna Europe. Temple anodada nzvimbo pakati ėlista (Yuriya Klykova Street).

Khurul kukwirira 56 mamita. Inside rinomira guru chidhori Buddha (12 mamita).

Temberi kuonekwa huru kukwezvana ėlista. Ichi chivako chakaisvonaka uye hombe kwete chete. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo kuita tsika uye kunamata zvouMwari. Temberi takapoteredzwa rokufananidzira noruzhowa achitevedza mukomberedzo 108 stupas iri. Kupinda mutemberi, unogona kubudikidza South Gate. Kune pamasuo matatu. Mumwe nomumwe ari mumwe venyika. Mavakirwo temberi chakafanana mandala hombe. Achisvika chivako, unogona kuona namanomwe Pagoda, izvo agomukazve mifananidzo guru mamongi echiBuddha uye vadzidzisi.

Khurul muna 7 nhanho. Pazuva rokutanga pamwero pane miziyamu, imwe imba inoitirwa misangano uye raibhurari. On rechipiri pamwero pane chidhori Buddha Shakyamuni uye munamato horo. Chifananidzo pacharo anoshumira dzigare mairi zvishongo zvinonhuhwira, pasi, zvinomera, uye rekushongedzesa. VaBuddha zvose izvi funga zvinhu zvinoera. Kuvanza nokuti chifananidzo ndiye goridhe shizha uye mangoda. Chechitatu pamwero ndechokuti nomumwe kugamuchira vaenzi. Heano wamakamuri mamongi, Tibetan mushonga vanachiremba, vazivi venyeredzi uye Kutarisirwa temberi. Wechina pamwero iri diki musangano mukamuri. Pano unogona kuwana musoro vaBuddha telo Rinpoche Tuluk. Wechishanu pachiyero chokugara anotora Tenzin Gyatso (Holiness wake Dalai Lama XIV). The yechitanhatu pamwero rwugare kwakavakirwa zvebhizimisi zvinangwa. Pazuva rechinomwe pamwero anogona chete kumuka vafundisi kuti Kunyudzwa nokufungisisa.