Chii chinonzi mashizha?

Kuti usarudze chinhu chakanaka, chinoshumira kwenguva yakareba kubva pachigadziko, kubva pasi pasi kusvika kumaketeni, iwe unofanira kunge uine pachedu zvishoma zvishoma zvamazivo pamusoro pehutano hwezvinhu zvakatengwa.

Icho chikuru chezvikwangwani zvakadaro ndizvo zvakagadzirirwa uye huwandu hweshutu, izvo zvinokurukurwa zvakanyanyiswa munyaya ino.

Kuparadzaniswa kwematukisi kuburikidza nekwakabva mavara emagetsi

Ino ndiyo imwe yenheyo huru mukugadzirisa unhu hwehutenderedzwa, hutsika pamwe nevatengi.

Tisati tava kutanga kufunga nezvehuwandu hwenyama, tichapedza nguva shomanana pakuumbwa kwayo, iyo inotora rimwe remabasa anokosha musimba nehutano hwezvigadzirwa zvemucheka.

Maererano nekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvinoitwa, unogona kuzviparadzanisa:

• Zvisikwa (rineni, kamba, uburu);
• Synthetic (polyester, polyamide, acetate, acrylic);
• Mixed.

Polyamide fiber

Ngatinyatsoongororei zvakadzama maitiro emapuryamidhi emicheka, kwavari zvinokwanisika kutakura zvakadai pasi pose, seyiloni kana kapron (saka iyi micheka muU.SR yakadanwa). Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa nemafibhi akadaro zvine maitiro akanaka uye emakemikari: simba rakakwirira, kufanana, kuonekwa kwemavara, kuderera kwepasi, kusingaperi. Asi hutsika hwakanyanya hwehutambo mumucheka hunoita kuti huve hutete.

Polyamide inoshandisa nzvimbo inotungamira mukushandiswa kwekugadzira mavara akasiyana-siyana.

Asi pamwe nemafungiro akanaka akadaro nyaya ino ine zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvinokosha:

• Inotya chiedza chezuva (kana kuti, inorasikirwa nesimba rayo kubva pane zvakananga hit);
• Kana yakanyorova, inotambanudza zvikuru.

Polyester fibers

Polyester fibers (polyester) inopa chigadziko nemwenje, kuderera kwekunwa kwemvura yakakwana, uye machira akadaro haatambanudzi, haagoni kumirairo ye ultraviolet, ane simba guru.

Uwandu hwemicheka kubva kupolyester fiber yakakwirira kudarika iyo ya capron.

Kukanganisa ivo vanewo, uye vakaita sezvizvi: kuoma, kuwedzerwa kwekupisa uye magetsi.

Kuzvipfeko zvepanyama zvakanakisisa kuwedzera kamudiki mazana emicheka yakagadzirwa kuti zvichengetedze zviri nani.

Mechanical michina yemasukisi

Mukuwedzera kune zvakakanganiswa pane zvakanyorwa zvechigadzirwa, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kune huwandu hwehuwandu hwezviratidzo, izvo mukubatana pamwe nekubatanidzwa kunoumba maitiro emagetsi.

Izvi zvinoshandiswa muhukuru hukuru nehutano uye huwandu hwenyama (g / m square).

Chimiro chembatya inzira yekusunga tambo muhomwe yayo.

Kuwanda kwechigadziko (g / m2) kunoreva zviratidzo zvikuru zvekugadzirisa kwayo. Kuwanda kwevanhu kunokanganisa kuwanda, kupera kwemhepo, kuomesera, kupisa-kudzivirira zvinhu, ruvara rwekugadzira. Uye izvi zvose zvinosvibisa zvinenge zvave zvakapedzwa, zvingave mvura, mamburera kana tafura.

Uwandu hwechigadziko hunotaridzika sehuwandu hwemapuranga evhaputi uye nechekukona hunowa nemasendimita gumi echigadziko.

Iparadzanisa uye iga ega kuverenga huwandu hweshinda pamwe chete nechokumusoro uye kuwanda kwehutambo hwehondo.

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemamiriro maviri aya , zvinhu zvacho zvakakamurwa zvakaenzana zvakaoma uye zvisina-yunifomu.

Iko kunewo mhedziso, yakareba uye yakakwana yezviviri.

Absolute density

Mhedziso - kuwanda, izvo zvinoreva nhamba chaiyo ye threads, imwechete mamita emagetsi. Ichi chiratidzo chinosiyana mumiganhu yakakura, nokuti mishonga ine maitiro akasiyana yakasiyana chaizvo. Semuenzaniso, mune micheka yakaisvonaka yerineni, iri mukati mamaminitsi makumi mashanu pamakirimita rimwe chete emucheka, mune micheka yesilika - tsanga dzine chiuru pane imwechete centimita.

Ichi chinoratidzwa hachiiti kuti zvive pachena kuti pedo tambo dzakabatana sei. Semuenzaniso, mumucheka wejira kune imwe nzvimbo yemamita masentimita emucheka mutsvuku anogona kuva akawandisa, asi anogona kuwanika kure nemumwe. Asi micheka yakawanda inogona kuva duku, asi inogona kugunzva kana kupwanya mumwe nomumwe, zvakasimba kupikisana.

Maximum density

Kuti uenzanise huwandu hwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehutano hwehutano hwakasiyana, uye pfungwa dzepamusoro uye huwandu hwehukama dzakatangwa.

Iyo yakawanda yehuwandu hwewebhu ndeyeuwandu huwandu huripo hwehutambo, hwakagadzirirwa mujira rimwe chete mamita masendimita, kana mitsara iyi yose iine hupamhi hwakaenzana, inowanikwa pasina kushanduka uye kupwanya pamakiromita akafanana kubva kune mumwe.

Relative density

Nhambare (yakabatana) miviri yechipfuva - chiyero cheicho chaiyo uye chakanyanya kuwanda, chinotarirwa nehuwandu.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuwanda kwehuwandu hunoenzana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemasimba, hupamhi hwehupamhi hunoenzana ne100%, iyo inowanikwa mune zvimwe zvinhu inowanikwa pasina kushungurudza uye kuchinja, kugunzanisa kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure.

Asi kana huwandu hwehuwandu hwepamusoro huri pamusoro pezana zana, hutambo huchachinja, chibvumirano kana kupera.

Uye kana chiyero ichi chiri pasi pezana zana, ipapo filaments iri kure nemumwe.

Chiratidzo chekuzadza kwepakati kana chiyero chechimiro chinogona kuenzana kubva pa25 kusvika ku50 muzana.

Iyo yakakosha kukosha kwekuzadzwa kwemavara, iyo yakakwirira maitiro, akafanana nesimba, kusagadzikana, kupikisa kwemhepo, kuoma, kupfeka kupfeka. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yehutachi hunowedzerawo.

Asi pamwe nekuwa uku, zviratidzo zvakadai sechisimba chemhepo, kutenderera kwemhepo uye kukwanisika.

Zvheti dzine chinyorwa chakakwana chekuzadza pamusoro pezana zana zvese hazvina kupera simba, hachina kukodzera kunyura uye kupisa kurapa. Nokudaro, zvinhu zvakabva kune zvakadaro zvakaoma kushambidza uye simbi, zvinosuruvara uye zvakashata zvakanyanya.

Zvisikwa zvemashuga

Imwe chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha kwemashoko acho, iyo inoratidza huwandu hwemagiramu ezvisikwa mumamita masendimita emakiromita ayo, inogadzirisa kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvezvigadzirwa.

Ichi chiratidzo chinoenderana nehuwandu hwemhando uye chimiro, chimiro uye chimiro chekupedzisa kwemafuta uye machira.

Nokuda kwezvinhu zvokugadzira, huwandu hwehuwandu hunotungamirirwa neGOST. Uwandu hweshinda yakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzezvokupfeka, uye naizvozvo zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemashoko kune chimwe chigadzirwa.

Mutsara wehupamhi hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunotsanangurwa nekuyera chidimbu chemuviri uye nekuwedzera kuverenga nemurairo: P = m / L * B, uko:

• M ndiye chaiwo mashoma;
• L * B - nzvimbo yejasi (kureba kunowedzerwa nehupamhi hwechigadziko chemucheka).

Kuti zvikwangwani zvive zvakanyatsogoneka kune chaiyo, zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai kwemazuva maviri vasati vayera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti zvipfeko zvekupfeka zvine simba rokuwana unyoro, nokudaro kuwana kuwanda kukuru uye kuchinja zvimwe zvezvinhu zvavo.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa zvinoshandiswa pakusuka jasi, uye zviduku zvakashandiswa zvipfeko zvakadai semapfeko ekudzivirira uye zvitsvuku.

Chii chakawanda chechidzitiro chebhedha romucheka?

Chinhu chekutanga iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kana uchitenga bheji yemabhedha ndiko kuumbwa nekuwedzerwa.

Kubva pane izvi zviratidzo zviviri zvinoenderana nekugara uye simba rembatya yebhedha.

Kana tikafunga simba, ipapo kune zviratidzo zviviri zvinokanganisa kuwanda kwemabhedha emubhedha: hutano uye huwandu hwehupamhi.

Pasi pane urongwa hwemasukisi uye hutano hwavo hwakasiyana:

• Baptiste (ine nhamba yakaderera ye 20-30 tambo chete pamamiriyoni 100 emashoko);
• Coarse calico (ine uwandu huri pasi apa hwepakati-35-40 tambo);
• Flax (inowanikwa mashizha akaenzana ndiwo masimbi 50-55);
• Ranfors (ichi chiyero chiri pamusoro pemavhareji echigadziko uye chinenge makumi mapfumbamwe makumi manomwe);
• Poplin uye satin (yakakura mashizha - kubva kune 85 kusvika ku12 threads pa100 mm yezvinhu);
• Jacquard uye percale (mabhii mumasikirwo akafanana, ayo ari kubva pakusvika 130 kusvikira ku 280 threads pane 100 mm yezvinhu).

Basa rinokosha mumucheka wehovhe rinotarirwa kwete chete nehuwandu hwehutete pahupamhi, asiwo nemagiramu avo, kureva, kuputika kwemafuta, kuwanda kwekuteerera kwavo, nzira yekucheka.

Iyo yakawanda uye yakagadzirwa netsika yebhedha yakabhedha munyika yekare yeSoviet Union inokwana calico, iyo inosanganisira 100% cotton (maererano neGOST muRussia), ine musungo wepamuchinjikwa wezvakananga zvakakoshwa.

Kusarudza mubhedha werudzi urwu rwemabhuku, unofanirwa kubhadhara pamusoro pehupamhi hwepamusoro. Izvo zvakakwirira, zviri nani hutano hwechirasi. Muenzaniso wezvakanakisisa uye unozivikanwa zvikuru wezvinyama zvinyorwa ndeye mutsara mumakiromita 130 kusvika ku 160 magirasi pamativi ose.

Mabhedha emabhedha eine calico ane unhu hwakanaka hwehutano uye mutengo. Iyi shangu yakakosha kune avo vanoda rudo rwekuzvarwa uye havateereri kutapfa uye kuwedzera.