Chii currency? Russian Currency. dhora Currency

The Italian Shoko "mari" mumutauro wokuRussia zvakanga zviri pakati XVIII remakore. Pakutanga zvaireva "kuripwa rugwaro," asi ari pakati XIX remakore, awana imwe matswa - "akarirasa gadziriro . Wenyika, kunotsigirwa nendarama" Munyaya ino isu ichatsanangura kuti munhu mari.

tsananguro

Banknotes, mari, pfuma manotsi, zviri pamutemo nounyoro uye hwaro mari ezvinhu ehurumende, inonzi mari. In mhuri duramazwi, izwi iri rinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa mari pamusoro yokumwe mamiriro. Kusiyanisa pfungwa mbiri idzi kushandisa zvinotevera notation:

• up mari inoshanda mukati ezvinhu;
• reversible inogona vakatsinhanisa kuti mari vamapoka imwe nyika.

mari

In neimwe nyika pane National uye dzimwe mari. Currency Russia - rubles zviri riparadzirwe, wakasuduruka wokufambisa, mari munhoroondo mabhanga ari Russian Federation uye kunze, vari kuzivikanwa senzira muripo. The National mari iri kushandiswa munyika kukarukureta, uye dzimwe - kuti dzakawanda. Wechipiri mari dziri vakasununguka riparadzirwe kana vakasununguka kubva mariri, asi inzira muripo kune imwe nyika kana boka munyika. For kwema dzakawanda vanofanira kuchinjana mari pahwaro ari waakaudzwa kosi. Ndiwo mutengo imwe mari inoratidzwa mari vamapoka imwe State. The kosi wakagarira yakavakirwa zvitengeswa uye kudiwa iri mari pamusika. Goods pairi vari mari: rubles, madhora, Yen, uye zvichingodaro. Rates zvezvipfuwo uye yokumwe mari zvinosiyana kwakasiyana-siyana. Kuwa mari womukati mari kunoita kuti munhu rutapudzo mutengo kunze kwenyika uye kupinzwa zvinodhura.

chetevere Gengi

Maererano dhigirii rakatsiga yemazuva vakakamurwa kupinda uye zvaasingagoni. Hard mari kunotsigirwa nendarama kuchengeterwa, ndiyo husingakwanisi kukosha dzimwe mari dzakabatana. For simba characteristically nekumwisa kumusika mutengo pamusoro pechiso ukoshi. Simba mari zvishoma husingakwanisi mari Exchange dzimwe nyika. Its musika zvazvingava pazasi ndima. The chete mari iri tsika simba uye simba pamusoro mari kunyika dzakasiyana.

Pamutemo Exchange vokune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope kuzorwa Ruble unopisa Central Bank kushanda mazuva ose. Vachapinda mumba simba Fume bhizimisi zuva pashure kusaina uye chinoshanda kusvikira ndaziviswa. Data aya anobudiswa pamusoro Website of Bank of Russia. Zvisinei, zvinosungirwa mabhanga kutenga kana kutengesa currency panguva ino mwero ikoko. Nokuti vanhu uye zvemitero masangano mashoko akadaro kutungamirirwa chete. Kuti tiwane chaiyo Gengi achafanira kushandisa mari convert. Rinogona kuwanikwa chero bhengi.

Features usapinde dzakabatana

Conditions uye rokutengesa zvisinganyanyi novimba constraints kuti wakasiyiwa pehurumende uye vanoonekwa ne convertibility kuita. Zviri chaiwo fiscal hurumende kuti unobvumira zvoupfumi akavhiyiwa vatorwa weboka kupanana National mari kuti dzimwe. Maererano chokukomborerwa ichi dziine nemabhangi rakakamurwa mapoka matatu.

mhando convertibility

Wose convertible mari (SVK) pachena vakatsinhanisa nokuda mari dzimwe nyika, uyewo nzira muripo inoshandiswa Masvomhu munyika dzakawanda mashandiro. Munyika tsika, chikuru chinoratidza turnover vari:

• kusavapo upi okurambidzwa basa exchange;
• aida kuchinja Gengi.

CRS rinoshandiswa nokuda anotamisa munyika dzakawanda muripo hurongwa (CLS). Inoita vanhu uye mabhizimisi kuitisa kwema pasina kupanana National mari chero convertible.

Wakabata pamwechete mubvunzo pamusoro JMC, enda mubvunzo chii mari zviri zvishoma convertible uye yakavharwa (kwete convertible).

Chokutanga munhu mari mitemo vamwe pamusoro turnover mune imwe nharaunda, nokuti vamwe vanhu, kana marudzi anoverengeka remapazi. Akadana dzisiri convertible mari, izvo, zvoupfumi kana enyika kwezvikonzero, hurumende yakarambidza vakatsinhanisa nokuda Banknotes imwe nyika.

Vomuyaimbova ubatanidzwewo convertible mari govera zvemukati uye kwokunze turnover. Under wokutanga inoreva mano dzimwe nyika kuti uchatamisa pachena currency kunze. Inner rinoreva kodzero vomunyika uye mabhizimisi kutenga yokumwe mari nokuda kwema. Nokuti pakatanga convertibility weHurumende anofanira kutora mutemo rakakodzera.

zvakanakira ari JMC

Wakabata pamwe mubvunzo kuti mari iri pachena convertible, enda mubvunzo chii rinobatsira kwarinoita hurumende. Pari, vakasununguka turnover kunotemwa nesimba munyika zvoupfumi. ICS anobvumira hurumende kuumba akanaka ezvinhu kuti kuvandudza pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara, uchapupu rusununguko zvoupfumi, kunosimudzirawo kukura makwikwi dzakawanda, saka kuti mabhizimisi vane kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda okuwana.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, masangano anogona kuwana zvikwereti zviri currency munhu wokumwe mamiriro. Dzinovhurika vatorwa upfumi basa: nokuderedza currency pangozi iri kuwedzera ekisipoti uye zvainoreva nhumbi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera mutengo kupinzwa mune kunotungamirira kuti kuderedza National mari. Pakatanga ICS hunosanganisira mamiriro munyika dzakawanda weboka basa, kuwedzera inflow vemamwe guru, uyewo nyore zvinofanira kwema.

Mamiriro ezvinhu nezvekugadzirwa zvichachinja

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• uchisangana nezvinodiwa romugove pamusoro pamusika;
• Kuwanikwa zvaida uwandu emura zvinhu;
• kusikwa kuchengeterwa mari;
• Kuvapo akadzikama Bop;
• hurumende bhajeti dhefisiti, kana ani, haafaniri kupfuudza 5% kubva GDP;
• kuitisa anonzwisisa Pricing gwara pasina kururama, asi tichifunga mutemo mutengo;
• kuitisa anonzwisisa chikwereti Mutemo ndaisagona chimbadzo uye zvakanangwa mari;
• pakatanga mitemo inoshanda makwikwi nechinangwa de-monopolization hwenyika.

nyika mari

Nokuda liquidity uye matambudziko mari kumusika dzimwe mari Vanowanzodanwa dzibvise dzakabatana nomwe:

• Euro;
• US Dhora;
• Canadian, yeAustria uye Swiss madhora;
• Japanese Yen;
• Swiss Franc.

In izvi mari iri kuwedzera zvibvumirano, kazhinji mugotenga Forex pamusika.

The chikuru zviri munyika mari:

• mukuru liquidity;
• solvency;
• raté Kugadzikana.

Vari akashandisa kusika reserves. Global exchange rates zvinesungano. In kuwa mutengo wavo anowedzera mari nezvimwe. NdiEzekieri.

nyika Most European vane mari yavo uye nechepakati pamahombekombe, iyo inodzora mari nehurumende. Muna 1996 iye makaumba pamwe mari, izvo kubudikidza 2014 atova chinobatanidza nyika 18. In kweeuro nzvimbo rinotungamirirwa European Central Bank. Currency kuita munzvimbo iyi, - Euro. Kubvira muna 1999, euro inoshandiswa nokuda cashless kubhadhara. Sezvo 2002 - nokuti mari kubhadhara. Nhasi, euro achikwikwidza pamwe dhora tichitarisa turnover, uye migove pakasikwa reserves.

Chimwe mukurumbira chaizvo nyika mari - US dhora. It inzira muripo munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri pose. Yokupedzisira yezana remakore mari - mumwe zvinotisimbisa kuti kusikwa kuchengeterwa mari. Pakarepo mushure Second World War, akadzinga kuBritain paundi.

The Yen rinoshandiswa kuti kwema muna Asia. Kubhadhara iri National dzeEurope kweJapan kupfuura dhora kana euro.

Anenge 5% zvokutsinhanisa reserves achiumbwa pondo hwakakwirira. UK National mari ndechimwe chezvinhu mudanga munyika.

The Australian Dhora kwakakurumbira chaizvo pamusoro Sydney Stock Exchange.

The Canadian Dhora kakawanda kushandiswa Masvomhu pamusoro chinokosha exchanges nejecha zvokutengeserana, simbi uye simba.

Russian mari - CRS

To Ruble vakava zvizere reversible, rinofanira vachitsigirwa ne zvinhu nerokuti. In Nemuromo, upfumi reRussia, zvinofungidzirwa akazvimiririra nyanzvi panguva soro yakati sandara, aigona kuva yakaenzana ichi. Asi tsika, sezvazviri chaizvo chisarudzo - kupa mamiriro of Ruble. Kanda ane convertible mari asina yakasimbiswa hurumende zvisungo, sezvakaitwa pamwe dhora asisiri kutora nzvimbo. Euro sezvo nyika mari kusvikira hune provisionally mamiriro mamiriro.

Nechokwadi CRS hurumende mamiriro zvinoreva kuti Russia ndiyo mutemo wokutanga anofanira kuva kubhadhara pfuma. Kureva, mukanyiwa yacho Ruble munyika havafaniri kusapfuudza mari munyika. Tichifunga uori zvachose wevakuru vehurumende kuitira zviri zvakaoma.

Zvisinei, hurumende yeRussia atora zvose matanho kuti Ruble mamiriro ICS. Munguva pfupi yapfuura Bank of Russia ndozvadziri aro zvakazara zvakaitika Ruble. Izvi "mafungiro" uye dzimwe zvikwereti masangano, kusanganisira Sberbank. Russian mari anogona nokukurumidza ubatanidzwe ndandanda runoramba Linked Settlement Bank. Anoshandisa CRS Masvomhu. The Bank of Russia yava pasi kushanda kune CLS, asi mhinduro ndeyokuti kwete.

pfupiso

Banknotes wakabudiswa imwe nyika asi vari kushandiswa senzira muripo mune dzimwe nyika dzakaratidza refu azvipire pakukura ehurumende. Zvakanakisa, bhengi manotsi uye mari dzinofanira rinotsigirwa pamutemo munyika kana zvayo National upfumi, norusununguko vaipanana kuti Banknotes dzimwe nyika. Ndizvo currency zviri pachena convertible munyika.