Chii gutsaruzhinji: Zvakanaka kuziva

Chii utongi hwegutsaruzhinji? It inotenderera tsanangudzo yose enyika ano uye ukama dzakawanda. Dzakawanda mapato anopikisa kwava mhosva mumwe chokusava hweruzhinji. World inoti pamwe dzimwe nheyo kuzvidzora zviri mumapepanhau. The apogee zvose izvi yakunda hweruzhinji mukupera XX remakore yaiva pfungwa chinozivikanwa American enyika muzivi Francis Fukuyama pamusoro kuguma kwenguva. Maererano simba nevafungi nguva yedu, pashure pokuwa yepamusoro munyika dzose mugovanisi kwomusasa uye kubva chechiJudha nzvimbo Maoist China zvakava pachena kuti zvakawanda tsika (kureva, vari kazhinji kuzvibatanidza hweruzhinji) ndiyo yakakwirira kukura yebudiriro kwevanhu. Democracy mu Russia ano, iro kwakatsiva akare murayiro-administrative hurongwa, ndiko, yake mafungiro, yakanakisisa uchapupu kuti. Shandika nzira iye asingagoni kupa kana monarchical kana pechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri, ndoda kuedza kumabvazuva vatungamiriri vechitendero vari pakagadzwa Islamic utongi.

Chii hweruzhinji. panotangira

Kuberekwa Fani iyi anonzi zvematongerwo enyika wechiGiriki guta-policies, hurumende dzakanga kusarudzwa zvakavanzika nokuvhota pakati vagari guta rino. Zviremera (semuenzaniso, reAreyopago, yemashekeri, mazano archons, etc.) kazhinji vanosarudzwa kwenguva yacho aiziva nhengo anokwanisa munharaunda. Yakanga iri rekare Greece uye dzinonakidza nzira zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa usurpation simba. Kana munhu kubva vagari vakapfuma kana chete chepamusoro soro-vakuru akanga achiva inesimba uye kutyisidzira democratic misimboti ehurumende, akaita nzira pakati vanonzi dambudziko - "cherepkovaniya" apo zvakavanzika nokuvhota, nokushandisa shards zvingakanganisa mudzvinyiriri kuti kunze kweguta kwemakore gumi. With kwokuderera kare wechiGiriki budiriro, kubudirira kwayo vazhinji vakanongazve Latins, kuumba simba mamiriro Roman. Ivo vakava pfungwa hweruzhinji. Zvaiva imomo kuti akazvarwa pedyo ano pfungwa mugari, uyewo nguva zvokuvhoterwa, kuparadzana masimba. Uye, chokwadi, musarudzo.

Chii hweruzhinji. nguva itsva

With kuwa Roma uye akabvumirwa fuza avanhu yose Europe nokubudirira zhinji, kusanganisira vaya enyika hunhu, rakachengetedzwa akarasika kwezviuru zvemakore. Kunamatwa mukuru vemauto ehondo vavo vehondo kubva venyika vakachinja nhaka neropafadzo woumambo Dynasties uye anokudzwa mhuri, zvizvarwa iroro uto vepamusoro. The richangobva akayeuka vanhu kuti gutsaruzhinji, asi pamwe Renaissance nevafungi dzazvino: Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, uye vamwe vakawanda. Mumwe kiyi nguva kukura mazuva ano aiva Great French Revolution pakati 1789 apo kare rokuvaudza chikakandirwa wokutanga chero nyika wamambo uye vanhu Akazivisa pachake mukuru simba anogara. Ichokwadi, hapana kwakuporesa apila pakarepo mushure. Progress akanga achiri kurwisana zvakaitwa munyika, asi zvinotevera remakore, nepfumbamwe maviri, yaiva nguva tinyanye kutaura dzevanhu uye kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko.

Democracy: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Nheyo kwemitemo uye inviolability yevanhu munhu akanga pakupedzisira nekusimbiswa dzezvematongerwo enyika panguva pfungwa. Zvisinei, kunze rakakura nokubudirira, gutsaruzhinji achiri vatsoropodzi zhinji, nenzira yakarurama unoratidza wandei zvaaikanganisa ayo. The chikuru zvakaipira mudziyo ichi kunobva nechekare pavamwe. Waifarirwa kodzero yokusarudza hurumende Chokwadi, zviri dzidziso zvinovimbisa kuti vanhu vanogona kusarudza dzavo nzira okukura. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti havasi vose vomuSouth achiri dzidzo kwayo uye kuziva chete ezvematongerwo enyika seboka, upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, munyika dzakawanda noukama uye zvichingodaro. Pakadaro, izvozvo zvinogona kureva isiri sarudzo kubva vakawanda vemunyika.