Chii muuropi: mamiriro

Muvanhu, zvimwe uropi ndeimwe enigmatic uye rakasviba miviri. Nokudaro, mashandiro kwebasa pfungwa, masayendisiti achiri nharo. Nhasi tichaedza kuronga zvavanotaura. Uyewo funga zviri muuropi, chii chacho nerevane ndedzipi vakawanda nezvirwere muviri.

kunopindirana mamiriro

Uropi inodzivirira zvakavimbika vakakomberedza dehenya. Zvinotora muviri kupfuura 90% nzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, uremu uropi nevanhu nevakadzi yakasiyana. Paavhareji, 1375 magiramu ari vamiririri bonde hwakasimba, 1275 muziviswe magiramu - simba. Neonatal uropi uremu ndiyo 10% muviri wose, uye vakuru - 2-2.5 chete%. The muviri mamiriro rinosanganisira Hemisférios Cerebrais, hunde uye cerebellum.

Chii uropi? Sayenzi akaratidza anotevera zvikamu muviri ichi:

• Front;
• shure;
• oblong;
• avhareji;
• zvenguva.

Funga nzvimbo idzi. Kubva musana rinobva oblong. Anosanganisira chena yakasimba (conductive hova) uye ndachena (tsinga neerekitironi). pons iri shure kwayo. chinotenderera uyu transverse fibers ari tsinga uye ndachena musoro nyaya. Heino mukuru tsinga. Rinotanga pane pfungwa iri pamusoro medulla. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iye anoenda cerebellum ine hemispheres maviri. Ari wezvikamu chokuita refu zambuko, midbrain uye cerebellum.

Chikamu pakati iri peya rinoonekwa uye auditory tubercles. Kuzobva etsinga fibers kuti rinobatanidza uropi uye musana. Pakati Hemisférios Cerebrais kuoneka pakakoromoka zvakadzama mukati iro - the corpus callosum. It rinobatanidza maviri dhipatimendi guru. Hemisphere akafukidzwa kuhukura. Zviri pano kuti pane pfungwa basa.

Chii chinonyanya uropi? Ane anoshongwa matatu:

1. Solid - ndiye pemvura periosteum yomukati, umo vazhinji marwadzo receptors.
2. Arachnoid - iri kunyatsotevera yakabatana cortex, asi kwete lining ari meanders. Pakati payo uye goko zvakaoma - serous mvura. Next wouya musana uye ipapo cortex pacharo.
3. Soft - inoumbwa kwegadziriro tsinga uye connective zvinyama zvokudya uropi uye neVadzidzi pepasi.

mabasa

Uropi kurongedza mashoko runobva nomumwe receptors, anoita sangano uye ari mubasa pfungwa kwacho. In nerimwe madhipatimendi vachienda basa ravo. Somuenzaniso, mune riri medulla oblongata yaiva tsinga nzvimbo iyo zvinopa zvinoitika mudzimu unodzivirira dzepanguva zvigadziriswe akadai vangakosora, achibwaira, sneezing uye kurutsa. Uyewo anokonzera kufema, kumedza, mate uye gastric facial.

Pons anopa kwebasa eyeballs uye tsandanyama dzechiso kushanda. The cerebellum anotonga Kufambisa uye coherence nemafambiro. Uye midbrain chinozoiswa pamutemo mabasa panyaya kwokuomerwa kunzwa uye zvakaratidzwa. Nemhaka basa rake, vadzidzi Somuenzaniso, unogona kuwedzera uye chibvumirano. Ndizvo kunoenderana mataurire ziso tsandanyama kubva. Kunosanganisirawo etsinga nzvimbo anokonzera dzidziso iri muchadenga.

Asi chii chiri uropi pakati? Govera vamwe zvikamu zvaro;

• Thalamus. It anonziwo chinja, sezvo kupatsanurwa pano uye kuumbwa nokuda marwadzo nezvekufadza, tembiricha, tsandanyama, uye dzimwe auditory receptors. Kuburikidza centre ichi, kuchinja mamiriro takamuka uye hope.
• Hypothalamus. It anodzora kwemwoyo, BP uye pamuviri thermoregulation. Hazvina basa kunetsa, nekuti pano pane simba riri kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa kubereka mahormone kukurira kunetseka. Vanogadzirisa kunzwa nyota, nzara uye mukaguta, mafaro uye zvepabonde.
• The pituitary shwanu. Pano anobudiswa hormone pakuyaruka uye kukura mabasa.
• Epithalamus. Inoitwa pakati pineal shwanu, izvo nokudzorwa Ritmos circadianos, dzinovimbisa utano hope uye kwagara basa masikati, anochinjika ezvinhu akasiyana. Anokwanisa kunzwa vibrations chiedza mafungu kunyange napakati dehenya bhokisi, allocating kuti chinangwa ichi mumwe mari mahormone.

Chii sei uropi?

Kodzero kuchengeta mashoko ose pamusoro nyika uye yakakura yevanhu mukukurukurirana. Hazvina basa nebasa Mbabvu rwake rworudyi. Kuruboshwe anodzora basa kutaura nhengo. Apa pane Analytical, mafungiro abstrakti , uye Masvomhu siyana. Nechemhiri inopiwa zvichiongororwa akasiya maoko nemakumbo.

Oga, zvinofanira pamusoro remasangano sezvo ventricles wouropi. Ndivo voids dziri mudungwe ependyma. Zvasikwa kubva Neural chubhu mhango ari muchimiro matema kuti tinoshandurirwa ventricles wouropi. chikuru basa ravo - iri kugadzirwa uye kuparadzirwa cerebrospinal mvura. Sections dzine yegwara lateral, rwechitatu norwechina. Hemisphere akakamurwa 4 anorova: ari frontal, epanyama, parietal uye occipital.

frontal akafukidza

Chikamu ichi kwakaita aidzidzisa mungarava. Hazvina basa womunhu muviri anosara akarurama. Kune kuumbwa basa, rusununguko, zvokuita uye kuziva. Uyewo kutsoropodza uye kuzviremekedza zvinogona akasikwa. Muchidimbu, kutyorwa zviduku kuti kuitika mune frontal akafukidza, zvichitungamirira kukodzera maitiro evanhu, musoro zviito, kuora mwoyo uye siyana Zvinyamusi. maitiro rinodzorwa chaiyo napo. Saka, basa kudzora centre iri pano uyewo kuita kukodzera uye hazvina ushamwari mabasa. Frontal akafukidza kunokosha kuti rezvedzidzo kukura. Nemhaka wake akawana mamwe unyanzvi, unyanzvi anogona kuunzwa automatism.

lobes nezvepanyama

Pano - kwenguva ndangariro chekuchengeta. In kuruboshwe kuunganidza chaizvo okuremekedza, zvinhu, zviitiko uye kukurukurirana, uye kodzero - Mifananidzo. Epanyama lobes vanoziva izvozvo. Panyaya iyi, kuruboshwe divi deciphers zvinorehwa zvakataurwa, uye kodzero - anosika kunzwisisa uye maererano neizvi, sezvimwe kudhirowa, achiratidza manzwiro uye maonero evamwe.

parietal lobes

Anonzwisiswa marwadzo, kutonhora kana kupisa. Parietal akafukidza ine zvikamu zviviri: kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama. Nezvimwewo nezvikamu muviri, ivo vakuru zvakasiyana. Saka, kuruboshwe synthesizes zvimedu, unobva navo kuitira kuti vanhu vanogona kuverenga nokunyora. Pano vanenge vava kutorarama zvimwe algorithms kuti vabudirire imwe mugumisiro. Kodzero parietal akafukidza vatendeuki zvose mashoko anobva kumashure musoro, uye pave-dimensional matatu mufananidzo. Pane ari akapa spatial wezwi pakutsvaga daro uye zvakafanana.

magumo akafukidza

Zvinonzi panoonekwa zvinhu ruzivo. Tinoona zvinhu kumativi sezvo irritants, tichiratidza chiedza kubva the retina ziso. Kuburikidza chiedza anonongedzera anotendeuka ruvara ruzivo, rakaramba zvinhu. Kune-dimensional matatu mifananidzo.

chirwere

Anofumurwa nzvimbo vakawanda zvirwere. Zvezvisarudzo ngozi zvinotevera:

• bundu;
• wanda;
• vascular chirwere;
• neurodegenerative zvirwere.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere. Brain mapundu zvinogona siyana chaizvo. Uye, sezvo mune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, vari kana benign kana akaipa. idzodzo izvi kuonekwa nokuda kukundikana ari okubereka kushanda masero. Control runovhuniwa. Uye vanotanga kuwanda kwazvo. Pakati zviratidzo akasimbisa kuda kurutsa, marwadzo, kugwinha, kurasikirwa pfungwa, aone zvinhu zvisipo uye madzerere.

For nemavhairasi zvirwere zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakadai:

1. Encephalitis. Mupfungwa womunhu yakavhiringidzika. Anogara anonzwa hope, pane njodzi anowira pasi pakoma.
2. Nemavhairasi yomumuzongoza. Akanzwa nemusoro. High nefivha, kurutsa uye mukuru muutera.
3. Encephalomyelitis. Murwere nzwa dzungu, anetseka motility, wakawedzera tembiricha, kurutsa kunogona kuitika.

Panguva chiitiko vanoverengeka zvirwere zviri kujekesa midziyo uropi. Kuitika protrusion masvingo, kuparadza uye zvichingodaro. Nokuda ndangariro ichi inogona kukanganiswa, nzwa dzungu, kunzwa kurwadziwa. uropi kuparadzirwa dzinoparadzana BP, atsamwira pamusoro aneurysm, myocardial uye zvichingodaro. Uye nokuda neurodegenerative zvirwere zvakadai zvirwere headlights, Huntington kana yeAlzheimer anetseka ndangariro pfungwa yakarasika, akanzwa tremor maoko nemakumbo, marwadzo, chinyamunhari chinorwadza uye kurwadza kwacho kuitika.

mhedziso

Ndiyo asinganzwisisiki maumbirwo muviri wedu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti munhu anoshandisa chete duku kesimba yaaizova kuti inogona zvakauya muviri ichi. Zvichida rimwe zuva vanhu vachakwanisa buritsa zvavanokwanisa chikuru zvikuru kupfuura nhasi. Panguva ino, masayendisiti ari kuedza kudzidza nezvemabasa acho kunakidza chokwadi. Kunyange zvazvo, panzira, izvi kuedza hadzisi akabudirira chaizvo.