Chii upfumi? Primary, bhengi, matunhu neminisiparati, private uye mari sectors hwenyika

Sectors hwenyika chokuita nomumwe maindasitiri. Munguva kukurukurirana, zvinoumba chete hurongwa. The boka pamisika kwezvakatipoteredza anoonekwa rakakura zvoupfumi maatomu akafanana. Basa Its rakanyatsojeka chinokosha ichi yose yakaipa. upfumi munyika haisi ibasa nzvimbo chaiwo yose. The kambani vakasiyana uye fanira yomumwe kana zvimwe ezvoupfumi zvekutepfenyura zvikuru. isu Gare gare munyaya funga zvakadzama chii chinoumba ari sectors National upfumi of Russian Federation.

Vhuṱanzi

Hapana chakavanzika upfumi munyika yose iri zvakaenzanirana kunzwisisa uye vakagwinya muviri. The yose Hurongwa anomiririrwa kwakasiyana-siyana, nokuda kusiyana pagadzirwe kwacho. The nemamiriro sectors hwenyika kunoratidza nechivako kwayo, uye nhamba vamapoka huripo subsystems, ukama uye kukura kuumbwa pakati pavo. Kudzidza akasiyana mirayiridzo inokosha kuti kukura zvoupfumi mabasa ehurumende, Optimization yenhengo dzayo.

Spheres vanoumba maitiro

Mumaonero ruzhinji kusunungurwa uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. chigadzirwa uye mari dzinounzwa maviri kumbonyanya guru nharaunda: non-zvibereko chikamu uye zvinhu kugadzirwa. Yokupedzisira ine subsystems anoverengeka. Ivo:

• indasitiri;
• mitoro;
• kuchengeta miti, kurima;
• kushumira maindasitiri muitiro kutaurirana;
• tengeserana;
• kadambari uye mashoko enyika;
• Eenhede;
• kuvakwa.

Senzira asiri kugadzirwa bhora ndizvo zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Housing;
• mumagariro kuchengeteka;
• kurovedza muviri;
• mutakurwi chekufambisa;
• kushumira vanhu uye masangano iyi nzvimbo yokukurukurirana;
• unyanzvi uye tsika nemagariro;
• inishuwarenzi uye zvikwereti nehurongwa;
• voruzhinji;
• utano;
• mabasa nesayenzi zvikurukuru uye zvesayenzi zvavo;
• mabasa administrative midziyo.

Pari, rose hurongwa unosanganisira vakawanda masangano, makambani, shamwari.

The nemamiriro ezvinhu

Nokupfupikisa hunhu urongwa ebhizimisi, zvinoumba zvose zvakaoma maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye akaita kuti racherwa sectors. Izvi izwi anofanira kunzwisiswa sezvo raora kuti masangano zvimwe pane zvakafanana kushanda, matambudziko maitiro dzakabatana. Pane kupatsanura pakati subsystems maererano basa. Saka, muna Russian Federation govera nyika kwokunze nemauto uye hurongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira hurumende masangano, mabhizimisi uye nemhuri. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Companies

Sezvo chikamu kwemauto aya Russian upfumi kune masangano akasiyana. Activities munhu anogona kutaurirwa zvisingabatsiri. Vamwe vane chinzvimbo "dzisiri Tingawaneiko" Makambani. The kutsanangurwa mabhizimisi anosanganisira makambani zvemari uye non-mari. The yokupedzisira inofanira kusanganisira yezvokutengeserana makambani anobatanidzwa mukurima kwenhumbi kana urongwa basa zvisingabatsiri. emakambani Non-ezvemari masangano asiri unotiranga kuti murege kutevera chinangwa kubatsirwa zvavo mabasa. The kukosha kupatsanura ichi ane regulator. Zvichienderana pezvawakaita zvinowanikwa pachena, private uye dzimwe mabhizimisi. Financial kwemauto inosanganisira noncommercial uye zvokutengeserana nevanhu. The mabasa iyi vari pfungwa Mediation, inishuwarenzi, kuvariritira uye zvichingodaro. The rwezvemabhengi kwemauto kunosanganisira namaoko hanya (CBR Somuenzaniso). Nokuti kwemauto ichi zvinosanganisira zvimwe makambani zvokutengeserana. In nemauto zvemari zvinosanganisira mari mari, kutsigira nemari, mudyandigere, inishuwarenzi, anoreva nhema, nheyo anoyamura uye masangano, exchanges nezvimwe mabhizimisi.

hurumende Offices

kwemauto Izvi zvinosanganisira siyana nhengo pakati dzeutongi uye nevarikutonga uye matavi kwemitemo. In chete nzvimbo yebasa zvinosanganisira mari Social Security uye asiri mubereko dzesangano zvinodzorwa navo. The Kukura wehurumende masangano, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa yeUnited, kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati zvoupfumi. Yokumusoro pamwero rezasi chidhiraivho. The mabasa ehurumende masangano anodzorwa nomutemo.

mhuri

Rokurima kwemauto hwenyika, kunyanya rinobatanidza unoparadza zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana indasitiri izvo zvavari aumba. kwemauto ichi hwenyika yakakamurwa imwe nhamba. Economy yose dzinoiswa nebazi webasa, zvinodiwa uye specialization munhu anoita somutungamiriri, uyewo, chokwadi, yakavakirwa basa. Kufungisisa mhando mari nyanzvi Ona zvinotevera Sub-mapoka: Employed, mari pfuma, vashandirwi. Muna subgroup zvingasanganisira zvivako kuti nhamba nhengo kana bhuku yemari waro nzvimbo.

"Zororo Wenyika"

kwemauto ichi zvoupfumi unosanganisira iine zvechechi dzakabatana. zvinhu izvi zviri nonresident akarongwa mamwe anoti. Zvisinei, vane CONSULATES, nevamiririri venyika, kutaura, Databases, uye mamwe masangano ari mundima Russian Federation. kwemauto ichi hwenyika hunonyatsobatana kuti munyika yokumwe negwaro. Unosanganisira kwete chete sangano vasiri vagari, asiwo avo ushamwari nawo anosangana.

dzimwe mhando

Tichitarisa upfumi basa munyika rose, nyanzvi kusiyanisa uyewo paruzhinji uye pasiri kwemauto hwenyika. Sezvo chikamu chokutanga subset vari masangano, makambani, shamwari, mabhizimisi, kudzora iyo inopiwa nehurumende administrative midziyo. Chechipiri subgroup wehurumende murau haushandi. Mari dziri vasiri kumusika uye musika sectors. mumwe kupatsanura kwakadaro chakasimbiswa kubva nemaonero ukama kuti kutengeserana zvekutepfenyura. Nokuti chimwe chikamu mumusika upfumi kunoratidzwa ne kugadzirwa rikurumidze. Makambani mubasa kugadzirwa nhumbi, paumbwe zvakasiyana siyana mabasa nokuda yokutengesa cost, zvazvinoita kudiwa. In ichi kirasi iwawo vakatsinhanisa ne ita mutengano zvinhu kana mazano, ndiri werudzi vapedza zvinhu, kuripwa mubayiro munyika mhando. Inside vasiri musika kwemauto hwenyika pane nyaya mabasa kana zvigadzirwa, anoshandiswa varidzi kambani kana zvakananga nokuda vaburitsi pachavo. It vanogona chinoitwa kutapurirana zvinhu kana mabasa pachena kana ngozi kwete kuchikosha zvazvinoita kudiwa. Munzvimbo iri basa rinofanira dzinounzwa uye chikuru nemauto hwenyika. Chine mashoko indasitiri, ayo chokuita pagadzirwe siyana yakatsvuka zvinhu uye zvakare kugadzira. The chikuru kwemauto hwenyika kwakakosha kuti kukura nyika yose.

matavi

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti upfumi nemauto vari aumba kubva homogeneous marudzi makirasi. mabasa ava kunzi mapazi. Maererano nenhamba dzakawanda, wose zvoupfumi rakakamurwa "kugadzirwa zvinhu" uye "mabasa". chikamu chokutanga inofanira kusanganisira mabasa okurima, maindasitiri, kuvaka uye dzimwe nzvimbo kugadzirwa zvinhu tsika (Utilisation pamusoro pakugadzira zvinhu, kubudiswa bheri sokunhonga, uye zvichingodaro). By kwemauto mabasa anofanira semhosva dzidzo, voruzhinji Kutarisirwa, zvokutengeserana, zvoutano, kudzivirira uye zvichingodaro.

Cross-indasitiri zvivako

Mapoka aya kuumbwa mukati zvimwe sectors zveupfumi kana pakati pavo. Mukutonga muchinjikwa okukohwa yakaoma kunzwisiswa kusangana gadziriro, izvo kusiyaniswa kubata rwevamwe zvinoriumba uye mabasa, zvokukura gadzira uye kuparadzira. Somuenzaniso, muna metallurgia indasitiri vangazivikanwa, chinotsva simba, muchina zvikamu. Zvivako kuti sangana zvakasiyana-siyana sectors hwenyika, inozivikanwa zvikuru kunzwisisa chivakwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira, chivakwa nzvimbo.

Vanosarudzwa uye dzichipfekeka nehurongwa

Hwaro kupatsanura ichi pazvikanganiso siyana zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, nokuti chipfuro zvivako zvakafanana kubereka musimboti. At moyo ino ndiyo chokuratidza interdisciplinary kuita pagadzirwe rokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Sezvo mienzaniso tishandire chokufambisa, mafuta uye simba, agro-maindasitiri zvivako. In hurongwa inobva dzichipfekeka chokuratidza inoshandiswa uye nheyo dzayo specialization zvichienderana rimwe basa. Muchiitiko chino, zviri Mienzaniso zvipenyu, zvesayenzi uye zvekushandisa, inivhesitimendi zvivako. Tikatora zvichiitika kusiyana - iri migumisiro kuvandudzika rakanaka mukurima zvainanga zvinogutsa evanhu zvinodiwa.

Kukura zvoupfumi mamiriro kuRussia

Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, mamiriro ezvinhu Russian National zvoupfumi hakusi kugara. Kuchinja kunogona kuitika kana nomuzvarirwo kana pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu ndangariro wehurumende basa. Uyezve, imwe simba guru uye zvakasiyana-siyana munyika uye kwokunze ezvinhu. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira makwikwi kubva mhiri kwemakungwa mukugadzira makambani. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo kwokunze zvoupfumi kwezvakatipoteredza - mamiriro yose mumisika nokuti mifananidzo chaiyo zvigadzirwa, uyewo mari mafuta. Dzomunyika zvinhu zvinosanganisira mari basa, makwikwi pakati kugadzirwa zvinhu, kugadzirwa vanokwanisa uye zvinogona, ukuru zvinobudirira kudiwa.

Zvinhu kukanganisa kukura upfumi

Pakati huru nhumbi kuti pave hwenyika, vanofanira kunzi nangananga zvirongwa, dzinopiwa, hurumende mari, zvokuvakisa, uyewo zvakasiyana zvaunoda zvichemo nokuda nemabhizimisi, mapoka bhizimisi uye kumatunhu. Maererano vanoongorora, kudiwa pazvinhu, uvandudze zvoupfumi mabasa Russian Federation kunokonzerwa nokuchinja zvinokosha munyika. Panzvimbo yaiona-murayiro ezvinhu kwenguva refu nguva yasvika pamusika ukama. Panyaya iyi, hunhu bhizimisi mabasa vanofanira kuita zvinoenderana ano hweHIV. Improvement uye kubudirira maererano zvinodiwa nguva zvinogoneka muRussia achishandisa zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Chinokosha kuvapo munyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda, kugona kwevanhu, uye Implementation dzamarudzi mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira tsvakurudzo.

mhedziso

MuRussia, izvozvo ari dzakabudirira Zvirongwa siyana kuramba uye mimwe zvoupfumi. Kunyanya, mumafuta indasitiri anotarisirwa kuramba paumbwe masangano vertically revatema. mabasa avo pfungwa kwete chete kugadzirwa pamusoro, asi kubudiswa mbishi zvinhu zvinobva chicherwa kupfuma. In metallurgia emakambani inopa kuti kuramba rokuwedzera kukura uye unhu simbi anobudiswa. Kuti aite zvirongwa zvake zvose zvinoda kushandiswa yepamusorosoro zvokushandisa, itsva yepamusoro kugadzirwa zvirongwa. Maererano projected kuwedzera simbi mitengo, kuti indasitiri ndechimwe chezvinhu rikwezve kuti inivhesitimendi. Izviwo, achakurumidza kutungamirira kuvandudzika akaitwa izvi. Industry dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira chesayenzi hwokugadzira pamwero (somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa chombo uye nzvimbo enyika, indasitiri zvenyukireya, hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu nharaunda, rinorema muchina maturusi, etc.), kuti mamiriro anotitsigira zvakananga. It runoratidzwa muchimiro ekisipoti Tera, ose dzinopiwa, voruzhinji mubhizimisi uye zvokuvakisa. Zvisinei, kune huru nzira kugadzirisa Russian zvoupfumi uye zvinonetsa ré pakugwamba makambani pamwe akaderedzwa nomutemo vachikwanisa, kuwedzera kugadzirwa zvinhu zviri zvikuru kudiwa mune zvose mumisika vavatorwa mudzimba. An chinokosha pamusoro kuvandudzika wegadziriro ichaongororwa kuti paumbwe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti pave yepamusoro uye ramangwana mabasa, izvo zvinoumba chaiko upfumi zvinogona kuitwa nehurumende.