Unyanzvi hweByzantium. Tsanangudzo shoma

Kubudirira kwevanhu vemazuva ano kwakakonzerwa zvikuru netsika yemararamiro eUmambo hweRoma, Byzantium, umambo hweEgypt nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakafanana zvakasikwa. Nhamba huru yezvivako zvemitambo yakasvika mumazuva edu, inomirira tsika dzevanhu, tsika uye nyikaview yevanhu vekare.

Unyanzvi hweByzantium ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka. Mushure mekugoverwa kweMambo mukuru weRoma, madzimambo eConstantinople akwira kuchigaro, uyo akasiya shure kwezana remakore rechigumi nemari yakawanda yemitemo. Maitiro akaoma uye akaoma ekubudirira kwezvakaitika kwete chete haana kuwedzera kukura nekuvandudzika kweunyanzvi hwekubudirira, asiwo akapa nyika nyika dzisingakanganwiki, chikamu chiduku chaicho chinowanikwa pakuziva zvino.

Unyanzvi hweByzantium hwakatanga huri kubudirira kubva kumuranda. Kushanduka kwakanaka kubva kubva kare kuenda kuMiddle Ages kwakagadzawo chinyorwa chisingaoneki pakuchengetedza tsika. Iyi nguva inoratidzika nemakwikwi anoyevedza emapuranga uye unyanzvi. Yaiva panguva iyoyo apo vavaki vehurumende vakaedza kuchengetedza nhaka yakawanda iyo vanhu vakagara nhaka kubva muHurumende yeRoma.

Basa guru muhutano hweByzantium rakaitwa nekugamuchirwa kwevanhu kwechiKristu. Izvi zvakaunza hurumende pedyo nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakadai seRussia, Georgia, Armenia, Serbia, nezvimwewo. Iyi nguva inoratidzwa nekupararira kwakawanda kwekuiswa kwedenga kune denga mukuvakwa kwetemberi. Mumakore ekumazana, kufambiswa kwenzvimbo dzakadaro sekusika zvinyorwa, frescoes uye mabhuku mashoma. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iri pacho nhanho kuti iconography inoita basa rinowedzera. Asi zvisikwa zvisikwa hazvigone kuzvirumbidza kubudirira kwavo nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, hupenyu hwehupenyu uye chimiro chevanhu vehurumende vakapa chituko chakakosha uye runako rwakaisvonaka pane unyanzvi hweByzantium. Panguva imwecheteyo, kereke yakashandira zvakazara hurumende yakanaka. Maererano nemafungiro emunguva yevanhu, mambo aiva mubati waIshe. Simba rake rakatsigirwa nechechi dzakasimba zvechechi.

Idzo dzakanaka zveByzantium zvakare dzakagadziriswa. Vanyori vemazana emakore ekutanga emazuva edu vakaratidzirwa mukusika kwavo mifananidzo yakajeka iyo yakazara nezvinhu zvinyorwa. Kuputika uye kukanganisa kubva pakutanga kwechiKristu ndezvimwe zvikamu zvekuvezwa kwemazuva iwayo. Izvo zvakatsiviwa nekugadzirisa, icho chikuru chaicho chaive chivako chekutanga. Tsanangudzo yehukuru hwemweya yava chinhu chinokosha chezvinhu zvose zveunyanzvi.

Chechi ndiyo chete yongorori mukuru. Nzvimbo huru dzekusimudzirwa uye kubudirira kweunyanzvi dzaive chiratidzo, frescoes, mosaics uye bhuku zvidhori. Mhemberero yemuvara wegoridhe inopenya, inopenya kumativi ematombo uye smalt, zvishongo zvakajeka - izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvebasa chero ripi zvaro revavaki vekanguva iyo nyika yose yakakurumbira neByzantium. Unyanzvi hwehu huno huri hupfuura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvandudzwa kwayo. Yokutanga yeiyi yaiva yero yekutanga yechiKristu (kubva pa1 kusvika kuzana remakore rechitatu AD). Inoteverwa neiyo inonzi "Early Byzantine", iyo yakabata mazana matanhatu nezana rechinomwe. Iyi nguva inozivikanwa nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwematemberi uye Raznan mosaics. Mushure maro, kwemazana zana nehafu, danho rekuti iconoclastic rinotanga, rakatsiviwa neMakedhonian Reissance, iro rakagara kusvikira muzana remakore rechi11. Nguva yakakosha ndiyo yaiva nguva yekuchengetedza, uye kukurudzirwa kweunyanzvi hweByzantium hwakaguma nemitemo yechiGiriki uye zvinorwisana nematambudziko, izvo zvakaratidzwa muPalaeologic Renaissance.