Yekare India

Pasi rino reHindustan rinobviswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika kubva kumativi ose. Kumusoro kuchamhembe kune iyo Pamirs uye Himalaya, kumaodzanyemba negungwa, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero nemahombekombe asingakwaniki, masango anotyisa uye matsime.

India muMiddle Ages yakanyatsozivikanwa nevanhu vaiuya kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, kuburikidza nemakomo ekupfuura ari mundima yezuva ranhasi reA Afghanistan. I-subcontinentine yakakamurwa munzvimbo yakanyatsojeka pamucheto Dekan (South) uye Indo-Gangetic plain (North).

Yekare India yakanga yakakurumbira kuburikidza nekurima kwayo. Kunyanya kukodzera kumhando iyi yemabasa yaiva mabani eG Ganges uye Indus. Iko kunofanira kutaurwa kuti ukama huri pakati pemigodhi yemvura uye Dhiyabhorosi hwakanga hwakaoma zvikuru. Zvisinei, chiPunjab chaiva gedhi rakasimba, iro vatorwa vakapinda mumupata. Mamiriro ekunze epasi rino anokubvumira kuunganidza zvibereko zviviri zvakakosha zvegore. Zvisinei, munharaunda imomo inowanzova dutu, mafashamo, mvura inonaya. Izvi zvinotyisa zvinoparadza vanhu kushaya nzara.

Yekare India yakagarwa nemadzinza eAustralia. Ava vanhu vakagara kare mundima kubva kuIndochina kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweIran. Vanhu vemuEurope vaigarawo kune imwe nyika. Ivo, kusanganisa nevaAorigines, vakavaita muurongwa hwemagariro.

Inenge muzana ramakore rechitanhatu nechisere BC. E. Yakare India inobva kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva yakanga ichigara nemadzinza evaRudvidians. Mitauro yemarudzi aya inowanikwa mumasangano macro-mhuri (pamwe neIndo-European and other languages). Nechipiri chemireniyamu BC. E. Yekare India inogara neIndo-Europe - Indoarians. Aya marudzi akanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga BC. E. Yakava nharaunda yakawanda yekumusoro kwenharaunda. Vanhu veChirvidian-vachitaura vari kutamira kumaodzanyemba pasi pekumanikidzwa kweAryans uye semhaka yekugadziriswa kwekuzvimirira, kufanana nevakawanda vevaAorigines.

Kubva muzana ramakore rekutanga BC. E. Muzvikomo zvehova Sarasvati neIndus, kubudirira kwehupfumi hwekugadzira hwakatanga. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechitatu, vaRudvidians vakange vadzidza hurumende yekutanga munzvimbo idzi. Mukusayenzi, yakatanga kunzi Harappsky kana Induskaya. Ukubudirira kwaimiririrwa nemaguta, ayo akanga akakomberedzwa nemasvingo akakomberedzwa nezvidhinha zvakabikwa. Mukuru wavo aiva muMojojo-Daro uye Harappa (mazita emazuva ano).

Maguta ose, pasinei nehukuru hwavo, akaonekwa nehuwandu hwemadziro maviri: chikamu chepamusoro chekusimudza chimiro chakanga chakamira guta, rakaparadzana kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekugadziriswa nemusvingo wakakosha werusvingo. Urongwa hwakadaro hunoratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusimudzira hupfumi uye kuchinja kune imwe nyika yekare. Mumumisha makanga mune rutivi rwakakonzera rutivi rwemakamuri, rwakanga rwakawanda kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, muMohenjo-Daro akararama anenge makumi ezviuru zvevanhu. Matare akasiyana (panguva iyoyo) nepamusoro-soro yekuvandudza - iyo yakakwana yekugadzirisa mvura uye magadzirirwo emvura.

Dravidians yakaitawo basa rakakura. Kunyanya, vakagadzira matanda makuru, ayo aida kugadziriswa ngarava uye akanga ane zvipfigiso.

Vagari vanoshandisa syllabic kunyora. Bristze metallurgy yakagadzirwa zvakanaka mundima yekare yeIndia. Vanochera matongo vakawana nhamba huru yezvisimbiso zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinoratidza kukura kwekutanga kwehupfumi hwehupfumi. Zvekukosha zvakanyanya pakuumbwa kwehupenyu hweIndia hwakange huri kutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika, nyika uye gungwa.

Chitendero cheIndia yekare, tsika yehutsika, pfungwa dzakanamatira kusvika pakati pezana remakore rokutanga BC. E. Kubudirira pamwe chete nekambani-collectivist uye nemamwe-mahedheni ehedonistic. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinoreva kuvepo kwevanhu zvaimiririra mukufara kwake uye kuzvimiririra kwevanhu, izvo, zvakare, hazvigone kuwanikwa kunze kwevanhu.