Church of Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin): tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Church of Deposition yejasi muMoscow akazviratidza yenhoroondo Russian, apo chiKristu Orthodox yezwi kuzvida, pasina Byzantium kukura. Pedyo nokuguma yokutambudzika, uye nyika yakatanga mutsva kumativi nhoroondo yacho.

muzvinambiri

Church of Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin) yakanga yakatsaurwa kubudikidza hurongwa yokutanga chechi yeRussian Orthodox, Metropolitan Jona muna 1451 pakuyeuka ari chishamiso chakaitika. Gore rino Tartar vazhinji Mazowsze akamira pedyo Moscow noruwa atopiwa kuparadzwa nemoto, uye madziro Kremlin kunokurumidziswa nemauto muvengi. Residents vakatora kuzvidzivirira zvepamusoro, akarwa pedyo muhondo, akawira pasi miseve muvengi. Pandakanga hondo, Metropolitan Jona akaita mudungwe kunhivi masvingo eguta, achinyengetera nemwoyo wose ruponeso Moscow kubva nechisimba.

Maererano nengano, panguva munyengetero Jona akasangana hwokuzvinyima Chudov Monastery Anthony uye akamukumbira kuti kunyengeterera guta, uye vagari chii munhu wekare akapindura kuti chishamiso akaponesa Moscow uye achava muhondo iyi chete vakauraya - Antony pachake. Kuva akati kuti, mutana pakarepo vakawira achibayiwa nokuda nomuseve. By manheru, vanopinda nechisimba ichidzokera kubva masvingo, uye vagari uye Metropolitan akanyengetera usiku hwose, achigadzirira hondo yairwirwa. Mambakwedza, ndokudzokera kuti wechiTatar vazhinji vari nhokwe vakatiza muhondo, vachisiya vose chakapambwa.

Chii chaiva chikonzero kutiza - hazvizivikanwi, masayendisiti anodavira kuti Mazovia akagamuchira chero mashoko pamusoro pacho akafunga kuti kurwa maturo, uye zvichida safunga nokutya akakurirwa vose vehondo, uye, kusiya nezvavakatapa yavo, vakabva Kurwa nzvimbo. Izvi kwakatoitika pasi Kremlin masvingo nehondo Batu Khan. Metropolitan Jonah akafunga kuti chishamiso Mwari akaponesa guta uye nyika kubva kuparara uye umhondi.

Kurota chechi ibwe

Maererano nedzimwe magwaro, mashoko Metropolitan chivanze pamusoro Kremlin raMwari Cathedral Square yakavakwa nguva refu. Negore nechisimba Mazovia chechi kare rakanga ravakwa, asi kwete vatsvene. Mushure kunoshamisa Kununurwa Jona akafunga kugadza temberi kukudzwa yezororo, iyo akaponeswa. Ndiwo sei Chechi Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin). chivakwa yakatanga repuranga uye akamira pakakwirira pakakwirira, apo, maererano netsika dzekare, akaramba muchivigiro Metropolitan nezvimwe zvinokosha.

Temple akamira kusvikira 1479 uye akafa moto guru. Takasarudza ndimutsidzire yomukatikati kwatova ibwe zimukadzimu, iyo akakoka vatenzi kubva muPskov, izvo rave richiwedzera uye tsika kuvakwa nematombo. Chikwata inotungamirwa Ivan Krivtsov uye Myshkin. Tsika yokuvaka dzimba ibwe panguva iyoyo kuRussia dzakaderera pashure emakore yokutongwa of eMongolia - chete kuwanikwa muPskov vanatenzi.

Vakarayirwa kuvaka kwete chete mutemberi Deposition yejasi iri Cathedral Square of Moscow Kremlin, asiwo kuvaka machechi shoma zvikuru pamwero. Mumwe wavo, nokufungidzira, vakakumikidza, asi wakarova padenga. In yaMakoronike akaudzwa kuti "pakava gwara kukuru," izvo zvakazoita kuti kuparadzwa, zvino haazi pachena. Anokonzerwa nyanzvi akashuma kuti chikonzero zvakanga yakaderera-unhu mhinduro rinoshandisirwa kuvaka, sezvo kuongorora zvakanga zvakarurama, nhoroondo yakanyarara.

muPskov muhwezva

Zvakaitikawo kuti akakonzera kubvuma Cathedral yakavakwa chevaux Ivan III rokuItari mapurani Aristotle fioravanti, uye mberi kuvandudzika pakati mapurani Ensemble vachiri angatsunga kuronzesa Myshkin uye Krivtsov.

mabasa avo Mawanza Annunciation Cathedral uye Chechi Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin), iyo akava musha chechi Russian yeMadzitateguru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muPskov vatenzi, maererano nemurairo nguva yake, vakava vadzidzi Italian mapurani uye yaainge ose ruzivo, kuwedzera pachavo mikwende kwavo. Sezvo zvaiitika - hazvizivikanwi, panongova zano, nei vabati akasiya kurangwa, uye zvakare kuvakwa akapiwa, asi nyaya kwakasimbiswa.

Temberi Deposition yejasi muna Moscow Kremlin akanga vagadzwe August 1486. House-chechi yaiva nzvimbo yokunyengeterera yemadzitateguru kusvika makirasi Ecclesiastical choushe kubudikidza Patriarch Nikon. Mumazuva iwayo rainzi "imba Vladychnaya" dzakawanda kuchinja zvakanga zvakabatana kune ateteguru dare, akagamuchira "zvakarairwa" ishe chechi kubva kuvanhu kuburikidza nedenga ari Kremlin Rizopolozhensky chechi.

temberi kupenda

Tikafunga akasara zvivako zviri Kremlin Cathedral Square chechi nhasi anotarira duku uye lightweight, asi pakutanga Orthodoxy kuRussia, zvichida aiva chechi huru yose. The mukati Magadzirirwo iri yakatsaurirwa kupemberera uye mbiri Amai vaMwari.

Pamifananidzo rokumusoro chechetere rinoratidza upenyu Musikana, rezasi tiers mbiri kuna Virgin Akathist. Painting akaita youmambo kamufananidzo Painters - Osipov uye Borisov, uye temberi huru mufananidzo "Lady kwatinoita ukaisa yejasi" akanga kupendwa nokuda yakakurumbira kuvake painter Nazaire Istomin (XVII remakore).

To Chechi Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin) ari XVII remakore kurutivi rwezasi ndiko pedyo chapero yakatsaurirwa Pechersk Icon of cheTheotokos, inoita mazita kunoshamisa mifananidzo, yakaitwa Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Icon kwainzi ari mudziviriri archdiocese Russian uye Akaperekedzwa madzitateguru kereke muKiev, kutanga Vladimir uye gare gare kuMoscow.

The chevaux imba chechi

Munguva dzokutambudzika yemhuri yoga kupiswa pasi zvikuru munguva moto. Nikon akasvika pamwero mukuru kuvakwa muruvazhe Boris Godunov, vakaisawo kwaari chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, iyo akashongedzerwa itsva musha chechi. Saka chechi Deposition yejasi muna Kremlin vakatamira mhuri youmambo. With aro changamire makamuri kuizwi maberere, uye mazita Pechersk Icon of Mother pashure pakuvaka Terem Palace akazviratidza pamberi mahwindo Queen makamuri. The Pamazita yakarasika pashure pokuchinja, pamwe chapero, kana basa rakakura kudzorerwa.

History of Deposition yejasi Church muna Moscow Kremlin rizere zhinji zviitiko iye akasangana hakuna moto, chakaipisisa iyo yakaitika muna 1737, apo kukuvaradzwa, kunyange chamber Bell. Muna 1917, Kremlin akanga vanogumurwa kubva atirari, uye chechi zvikuru sousingabatsiri. Vakadzorerwa uye akavakazve nguva sezvo vakawanda varipo vanoparadzwa, asi vakawanda pfungwa yakanga nezvezvakanaka zvokunze chitarisiko, womukati kupenda kakawanda pendi, ndikarangarira itsva.

akitekicha

Nhasi, temberi iri pamusoro Deposition yejasi Cathedral Square muna Kremlin hakusi zvakanaka chaizvo kuti aise parutivi rwechipo Faceted Chamber, Terem Palace uye Church of nokufungidzira. Tikafunga izvi Zvivako chechi anenge asingaoneki, asi zera wake kupfuura nezvimwe zvivako chikuru.

Church zvinoreva muzvivako zvetsika muchinjikwa. Wakaitwa nezvidhina, izvo zviri XV remakore vakatanga kutsiva yaimbova yakakurumbira chena ibwe. All kumativi mana temberi ndivo kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu, pamberi yakadaro kupesana yainzi fenzi. A chinokosha ndechokuti nechepakati fence wekereke iri zvikuru mativi anodarika maviri. Above mumwe fenzi rusvingo sezvo kupera rinomirira zvetsika keel zakomars Russian mapurani (Arch). Atari miganhu Kurutivi rwokunze iri kwoita zvitatu semicircular zvikamu.

Church of Deposition yejasi muna Moscow Kremlin - a domed kereke nzvimbo ngowani serin'i, surmounted by cupola Drum chiedza. Rising dhiramu iri yakashongedzwa chaiyo zvishongo ari frieze munyori, rinoreva kuchamhembe muPskov chikoro wokuRussia mapurani. Zvidhinha vakaisa kunze zvemaoresa - mumugwagwa, begunets.

Jewellery uye mashoko

Nechokumabvazuva temberi riripo rokuongorora kubva Cathedral Square. The nechepakati apse aritari rusvingo zvikuru kuoneka pane vaviri divi, maduku, nokuda mapurani mamiriro muchinjikwa mutemberi. Around ari mukomberedzo yetemberi iri pamusoro pane decoration frieze, iyo inoshanda sechiratidzo chiratidzo Russian chechi mavakirwo mangwanani nguva.

Kwakadzikira panzvimbo dzapasi chikamu nenyembe Semi-mbiru, izvo nokubatanidza rokumusoro vanochiva achidzokorora muenzaniso keeled zakomaras. Masvingo vatatu chechi kuoneka shoma niches umo kuzvidhori akanga aratidza ambotaurwa. Zvino vakasara imwe chete tuore pamusoro XVII remakore pamusoro kuchamhembe France, zvakanzi yakawanikwa panguva basa pokudzorerwa muna 1996, inotsanangura kuti Patronal Mutambo - nechinzvimbo jasi Mhandara.

Masuo kuti Chechi Deposition yejasi (Moscow Kremlin) dziri kumativi ose. Kumabvazuva nenyasi, unogona pakarepo kuwana mumba. The Southern wokupinda iri yakashongedzwa keel serin'i portal uye yakakwirira manera uye kumabvazuva - ari maberere of Terem Palace. The zvinoshandisa pakurima dziri pamusoro kumadokero uye kuchamhembe mativi temberi, vanoratidza mushanyi cloisters.

mukati

The mukati kwetemberi anoumba imwe nzvimbo pamusoro vhoriyamu yomukati uye svinga akaverenga ungano duku sezvo inokodzera House Church. The Code hwakavakirwa pambiru ina. Space masvingo uye mbiru akafukidzwa mifananidzo vechitendero kugutsikana.

The chikuru Chikamu nyaya iri vakazvipira wemhandara Mariya, mufananidzo manyorerwo kwakafanana kupenda Pamifananidzo yacho kubvuma Cathedral. The masanga haisi netsaona; basa muna muna 1644 rakanga raitwa anozivikanwa vatenzi Pospeev Sidor uye Abramov Urume. Nembiru vanoratidzwa machinda Russian uye mabhishopi.

Sei unyanzvi pakati XVII remakore, zvakava pachena muna 1956, apo, pasi akazotevera accretions akazarurwa uye ndaichenesa nhoroondo nyaya. kudzorerwa azere iconostasis yekare, izvo haana kusiya Chechi Deposition yejasi of Moscow Kremlin yakaitwa munguva imwe chete. Description of zvachose Kuronga mufananidzo uye iconostasis kunoratidza kuti hwaro ruvara mhinduro mifananidzo.

iconostasis

Iconostasis chakagadzirwa nesirivha, zvishongo uye anotaurwa yakashongedzwa ne zvishongo. Akaisa mifananidzo kupendwa mavara anofara, inopenya hunodzorwa yebhuruu, Cherry, chena ruvara. The iconostasis yakatanga akasikwa mushure Nguva Troubles uye pokuparadzwa rawira nyika. Customer aiva baba namambo Romanov youmambo rokutanga - Patriarch Filaret.

The pamusoro matatu nhamba kwemifananidzo kupendwa ari Studio vashandi iconographer Nazaire Istomin Savin muna 1627. Bottom musara, akanyora tenzi pachake, maoko ake ndezvaJehovha maviri nechepakati mifananidzo - "Old Testament Utatu," "The neMhandara Hodegetria".

Restoration basa pakati-50s anoratidza kuti Pamifananidzo pamadziro vaitsigira ruvara mubatanidzwa. The yevedza Magadzirirwo yekudyidzana kufurira kwokutanga nguva chiKristu, kana Russia yakanga guru pamusoro Byzantium.

Iwo mufananidzo pamusoro weDanho uye pamusoro pembiru unoratidza vaApostora Grand Nemachinda, parutivi penzira iyo tenzi, vachinamatira pakuomerera canons, akaratidza kuremekedza kwaaiita magamba Pamifananidzo uye mhepo yakavapoteredza anopa mufaro uye chiedza.

modernity

Mukutanga 90-ies pakati Deposition yejasi Church zvakanga yakazarukira vaenzi, uyewo panguva yomutambo kereke patronal akabata pano kunamata uye yokunamata. Kubva midziyo akapukunyuka zvinhu mashoma. zvemwenje Large zvenhaka yakaiswa pamberi iconostasis, mumazuva akare vakadaidzwa "dzakaonda kenduru" - mhango mukati. Zvemwenje zvakapiwa kutemberi sechipo kuna tateguru Josefa 1649. Vari akashongedzwa mundiro dzakavezwa, zviumbwe sirivha-kuifukidza uye dzinobva stylized shumba nenhamba. Chimwe yakasiyana chidimbu muna 1624 ari chandelier sirivha, gilded rakanyorwa bhaira vendarama D. Sverchkov.

Temberi vauye kuzoona Pamifananidzo yacho XVI remakore uye kushanyira kwemasimba yekare Russian emapuranga chivezwa, iri cloister. Chimwe chezvinhu reliefs ekare kuratidza St. George XIV remakore remhosva muenzi zvakananga zviratidzwa pasuo. Mumazuva ekare mabasa akadai akaiswa uye vakashumira iconostasis mifananidzo. Kufarira zvikuru Novgorod kuvake "dzinza kubva pamuchinjikwa" uye "The Mhandara Chiratidzo" (Rostov).

In Rizopolozhensky Church, ari kuratidza inochengeterwa uye remuti chivezwa rokutanga Metropolitan pakati Rus - Jona, vakaisa kereke kare. Hwakaratidza ari kwamagwaro womuti mifananidzo iri Solovetsky wemamongi mufananidzo Nikolaya Mozhayskogo nomunondo, nenzira iyo wakaonekwa kudzivirira kubva nechisimba Mozhaisk guta. No zvishoma kunakidza uye mamwe curiosities - a pamuchinjikwa kubva Chudov wemamonk, shangu, kuvake nguva XV-XIX emakore.