Commissariat - ndiko ... History of sangano. mirayiridzo commissariats

Commissariat - ichi ndicho chikuru mamiriro administrative muviri. Aida kuti uendese kurapa munhu sectors hwenyika pakati vanhu Commissars (zvino mufundisi) uye vamwe vashumiri paruzhinji.

History dzidzo

Pakutanga Commissariats vakasikwa 1917, All-Russian Congress of vokuSoviet. All richangobva akasika masangano aiva chikamu hurumende yeSoviet, iyo inotungamirwa Lenin panguva iyoyo VI

Muna 1918, urongwa vanhu commissariat, apo yakanga zvakare yakajekeswa kuti "Commissariat" akanga enshrined mubumbiro iri RSFSR, achiongorora zvaive acronyms chinangwa functionality, uye zvichingodaro. D. Paivawo 18 commissariats mapazi ose ehurumende basa.

Nechekare muna 1922, apo paumbwe Soviet Union wandei kuchinja akaita hurongwa. Kuwanda vezviitiko wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika gumi, asi ivo akafukidza yose Soviet Union zvachose. Hafu yavo vose-Union, uye imwe hafu - vasanganiswa. Muna 1923 zvakanzi wakabudiswa mirayiro pamusoro vanhu Commissariat, apo pfungwa pamusoro sezvakarayirwa nekuita ose Commissariats of Union Republics kunge vakanyorwa. Commissariat, tsanangudzo uneshongedzo kudzora maindasitiri avo, zvino ane simba akadzika mitemo, zvirevo nemirayiridzo.

Muna 1936, mamwe kuchinja dzakachinja Dare murayiro uye vanhu Commissariat - kuchinja United vezviitiko muna Union-Republican. Saka yakaumbwa gumi pamwe-Republican uye zvose-mubatanidzwa vezviitiko masere. Kuva National upfumi iri gumi anotevera, vachiisa commissariats vanhu mumwe permutation. Uye muna 1946 mutemo mutsva yakachinja zita vezviitiko, zvino vanhu Commissariat - ushumiri uhwu.

The nemamiriro vezviitiko

The People wacho Commissariat aiva simba chikuru nokutongwa mumwe nomumwe mabhora zvoupenyu weSoviet. At musoro Commissariat aiva vanhu commissar. Vose vezviitiko commissariats siyana vakanga vakabatana kuwedzera Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars. Mumwe mubatanidzwa zvokuvhoterwa aiva commissariats ayo uye Councils Vanhu vaMwari Commissars.

Vanhu mumwe nomumwe Commissariat yaiva madhipatimendi:

- nyaya utariri;

- nokuti mudonzvo kudzidzisa;

- on chikamu Paramende;

- panyaya dzemari;

- encryption kuti tisanzwe mashoko;

- kutungamirira zvikoro zvedzidzo;

- Committee iri Legal Affairs.

Sezvo nhamba mudonzvo yakasvika vanhu 150-170 neimwe Commissariat.

mirayiro

Chirevo 1917 akataura zvinotevera basa Commissariats:

- dzakawanda mabasa (kana NKVD);

- kurima;

- dzidzo basa;

- muchiuto uye wengarava mabasa;

- dzidzo;

- mari;

- Rara dzimwe nyika;

- pamutemo basa;

- zvokudya;

- Mail uye Telegraph;

- njanji bhizimisi.

Muna 1932 vakanga vakabatana nomumwe 3 Commissioner: rinorema, chiedza, uye masango indasitiri.

Mari kuti vanhu Commissars

Commissariat - zviri chikamu ezvinhu hurumende, saka, mubayiro utariri chikwata aifanira kuva mukuru nemitemo ano. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, zvinhu zvakanga zvakasiyana: muna November 1917, Lenin akasaina chirevo pamusoro remuneration basa Vanhu vaJehovha Commissars uye vamwe vashumiri paruzhinji.

Maererano chirevo ichi commissar ose akagamuchira pamwedzi kuti 500 rubles. Kana Zvinoumba mhuri yake vakaremadzwa vagari (vana, vakwegura kana vanhu vakaremara), zvino mumwe munhu akadaro pamusoro vanhu commissar kubhadhara mamwe $ 100 sezvo pamwedzi. By nokufungidzira zvose, mari zvevanhu commissar mhuri yakanga akaenzana mari yacho avhareji mushandi.

Commissariat - tsanangudzo "madzitateguru" ariko ikozvino uye mashandiro hushumiri, marongerwo uye kushanda iyo akachengetedza remakore uye kaviri chete zviduku kuchinja.