Constructivism mu akitekicha

Constructivism rinonzi chains-garde nezvemaitiro mapurani, unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira noupfu unyanzvi uye mifananidzo. Style ichi yambokurukurwa munguva kubvira 1920 kusvika pakutanga gumi anotevera.

Mutsindo zviri constructivism - the nehasha, laconic zvitarisiko, geometrizm uye monolithic chitarisiko. Constructivists kunyange akasika okusika sangano rayo yepamutemo uye yakatanga dzichipfekeka yavo kugadzira nzira. The nzira kunobva masayendisiti kuongorora kushanda zvivako, zvivako uye zvivako. Constructivism mu akitekicha akachengetedzwa kwaro kwese monument - zvokutengeserana dzekubikira, dzoushe basa, vashandi 'netsvimbo, makanzuru, misha kuti dzakavakwa mumazuva iwayo.

Runako iwayo rokusika kuti zvinobatana imwe pfungwa "constructivism", mudzidziso kwete mapurani, asiwo vamwe pazvinoitwa kwevanhu Somuenzaniso, mune mabhuku.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nzvimbo iyi anonzi ari Chiitiko Soviet, somumwe nokuti haagarimo kunyika yaimbova USSR. Zvichida vamwe ichava nhau, asi harbinger zvidavado constructivism mu mapurani ndiyewo Eiffel Tower, izvo rinobatanidza zvose constructivist uye modernist okunze.

kuyerera akadaro dzakatangira kuramba kutsvaka chinhu chitsva. Innovators iyoyo vakanga kupa kurambwa "nounyanzvi nokuda unyanzvi kwezita", uye vakatenda kuti zvinofanira zvibereko. Vateveri maonero ichi akadana Artists uye ezvivako rokusika chete kubatsira zvinhu, richipa upenyu hwakanaka mune hwomutambarakede mumaguta. Shoko rokuti "constructivism" kuna Russian mutauro theorists kuti "kugadzirwa unyanzvi", chikonzero chikuru chaiva kakawanda kushandiswa mapepa uye kutaura ezvivako shoko "dzinovaka", "kugadzira", "kugadzira".

Mavakirwo Constructivism, uyewo mimwe mirayiridzo, ine vamiririri vayo chakajeka. It Leonid hama, Victor uye Alexander Vesnin, uyo akaona Hwakarongeka aesthetics iyi muitiro, atozvionera vanachiremba mu ezvivako, kupenda uye magadzirirwo mabhuku. hama chirongwa akamira ari makwikwi Labor Palace rokuvaka muguta Moscow. Pfungwa urongwa chaienzanirana rokunze chiso aesthetics ano, kushandiswa azvino kuvaka uye zvokuvakisa - izvi zvose chaiva zvakasimbisa kukura nhungamiro "constructivism".

Architecture - pfungwa zvakaoma chaizvo, uye inotevera Danho nokuti Vesnin yakanyanya kupfuura kuoma yapfuura. Saka, vaifanira vagoronga pakuvaka pepanhau "Leningradskaya Pravda" riri duku nomunda. Hama akamisa diki-storey matanhatu building, asi pakanga zvose: sehofisi, uye nyaya kamuri, uye newsstand uye vaenzi, uye duku kuverenga nzvimbo, nokuti kukwanisa boka inodiwa zvikuru nzvimbo mune rimwe chinhu - huru basa pakati Constructivists.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, constructivism mu mapurani aiva nzira yayo dzichipfekeka. Maererano Constructivists, mumwe Zvaiitwa anoenderana zvikuru ndaisagona marongerwo.

Paiva nenguva apo kuzvikudza kushorwa kudzivirira kodzero kushandisa tsika siyana, pashure pacho zvairambidzwa. The Soviet Union yakanga chinoshingaira tinorwisana Bourgeois zvetsika uye zvakarurama pamakona. Kana Constructivists vaiva kunyadziswa, dzimwe ezvivako vazvikanganwa, uye vamwe - kuti ajairane kuchinja. Dzimwe nyanzvi Soviet nharo kuti "postconstructivism" kuuya panguva chaishanda.

Constructivism mu akitekicha kamwe zvakare akaita pachayo sokuti ari 60s, kana kurwisana ne "extravagances mapurani", uye mukutanga kuma1990, vamwe usina muviri pfungwa 20 kuti kuva chokwadi. Nhasi zviri pamusoro kuramba kuoneka mavakirwo mumaguta makuru.