Cranial nerves.

Mishonga inoputika inosanganisira gumi nemaviri emirungu inotanga muuropi uye kushumira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasuru, glands, nhengo dzomukati, pamwe chete nemashonga anonzwisisika emutsipa nemusoro. Idziviri idzi dzakabatana zvakananga nemabasa emabasa akadaro semotokari, zvinonzwisisika, zvakavanzika uye zvakajeka. Manzwiro emakumbo anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi. Kuvonga nemitsipa iyi, kune zvakawanda zvinotungamirirwa nebasa rezvikamu zvose zvemuviri womunhu. Dzinotenderera mune imwe tsananguro kubva muuropi. Nenzira, tsika yehutano hwemitsipa inoratidzirwa nhamba dzeRoma.

Yokutanga ndiyo mitsipa yakasimba. Zvinogamuchirwa zvaro zviri munzvimbo yepamusoro yeganda rakasungwa, mu mucous membrane. Mutsara unoumba anenge makumi maviri akapfava pakugadzira tsvina. Izvozvi tambo hadzina tambo yakafanana, asi inopinda munharaunda yedhehenya kuburikidza ne trellis plate yefupa, ichibatanidza kumasero e-bulfactory bulb, iyo inomiririrwa nemagetsi e mitral cells. Iko kunokwira kune avo kunzvimbo dzinonyanya kunhuwa, uye kubva kune cortex yeuropi.

Irosi yechipiri inoumba mutsara we optic. Basa rayo nderokurukura mashoko kubva kune retina, iyo inobwinya inobwinya yeziso.

Mafudzi emutsara uyu anobva kuma ganglionic masero anoumba retina yeziso. Mutsara, unoumbwa nemishupa iyi, inopfuura nepakati penzira, uye kubva ipapo - kusvika mumugwagwa wakakosha.

Irosi yechitatu ndiyo yeromomotor nerve. Nheyo yaro inopindirana ne-upper midbrain bulges. Inoparadzaniswa mumatavi ezasi nepamusoro, ayo akabatana nemisumbu inokwidza hunofu hwepamusoro, uye kumucheto wezasi oblique weziso reziso.

Iviri yevhesi inonzi chirwere chinonzi block block. Icho chinoreva motokari mitsipa. Mugumo wayo uri mukati meuropi. Kupfurikidza netsoka uropi uhwu kubva kudivi rekunonoka, bhudziro redu redu rinoenda kunheyo yaro, iri pakati peiyo tembe neche pedicle. Uyezve, mutsara uyu, pamwe neoculomotor nerve, inopfuura kubva munzvimbo yakakonzerana yakananga kudivi.

V vaviri vanoita mutsara wetatu, unopindawo mumatope. Kunyange munharaunda yakaoma, yakakamurwa kuva matavi matatu makuru. Iyi nharo inoita kuti maziso uye ganda rehuma rive rakanaka. Ganda rechiso pakati pomuromo uye ziso, pamwe chete nemucheka nasal uye kumusoro kwenhengo yemuromo inotenderera inoshandisa mazuru akawanda. Ganda rechitsipa riri pasi pemuromo, muromo mumuromo, mazino ari pasi, rurimi runotarisa mandibular. Uyewo pasi pekutonga kwake ndiko kutsva misumbu.

Irosi yechitanhatu inomirira mutsara unopera. Nheyo yayo iri munzvimbo yebhiriji. Iyo mutezo inodzora maziso eziso, izvo zvinokonzerwa nechinzvimbo cheziso reziso uye kufamba kwayo. Kana yakakanganiswa, tsvina inogona kuitika.

Mutsara wepiso, unoumba hutatu hweVII, unopindawo mumatope. Matavi awo akaparadzaniswa kuva temporal, buccal uye zygomatic. Mutsara hauna kukodzera maziso emusana, uye chikamu chawo chepakati, chinonzi autonomic, chinodzora mararamiro ezvinyorwa uye kunzwisisika kwekunakirwa kworurimi.

VIII maviri inomiririrwa nehutano hwepakutanga. Uyu ndiwo musungo wegwaro rekuongorora. Inoumbwa nemudziro wemasvingo uye cochlear. Midzi inotanga mukati me piramidhi muhupamhi hwenyama yenguva mune nzeve yomukati.

IX pair inonzi chirwere che glossopharyngeal. Ndiyo musungo wekunakidzwa kwekunakidza kwenharaunda yakashure yenyika, iyo inobatanidzwawo mupartidi salivary gland uye nzira yekugwinya.

X pair inomirira vagus nerve. Inonyatsobatana nekutaura uye kumedza. Inoshaya mitsipa ye pharynx, marate, therynx. Iyo nhavo inoparadzaniswa mumatavi akawanda akatungamirirwa kune nhengo dzemisoro nemutsipa, pamwe chete nemimba yemukati uye thoracic cavities.

XI maviri inonzi chirwere chinowedzera. Anotora kubva kwaari medulla oblongata uye anotonga musara we trapezius, uyewo sternocleidomastoid-mastoid.

XII vaviri inoumba mutsara unonyorera. Anonyorera mitsipa yese yerurimi pasina.

Mitsipa yevanhu inokonzera kushandiswa kwenheyo dzose uye nhengo. Zvinokanganisa kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana munharaunda, zvichikonzera marwadzo asina kunaka, uye zvinogona kutungamirira kusakosha kwemitemo yose yemitemo.