Crustacean hofori kukura. The Kudeuka Marine crustaceans

Kuti shrimp uye lobsters, lobsters uye magakanje. Nyika inoshamisa pazvisikwa aiva makore anopfuura mazana mashanu mamiriyoni apfuura. Pavari ichakurukurwa munyaya. Uchaonawo muna Photo Crustacean hofori saizi, kwakakura maoko nemakumbo izvo rinosvika mamita mana.

Kana zvidzidzo vari kudzidza mukirasi crustaceans, tafura chikuru zviri zvisikwa izvi kazhinji kuisa imba. Pashure pokuverenga nyaya yedu, chero wechikoro unogona kuzviwana nyore.

Chii Crustaceans

Mumwe mapoka kupfuura phylum arthropods - Crustaceans. Zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi manomwe zviuru zvitatu marudzi. Uye mukuru nhengo boka iri vaongorori rinonzi Szczytno. ano mamiriro ayo akafanana zvachose zvisaririra, vari makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 200.

The Zvinoitwa subtype ichi ndechokuti inosanganisirawo kuchinja rwakazara kubva chirimwa kusvikira mhuka nyika. Ava barnacles uye barnacles. Havana kufamba. Zvimwewo crustaceans kucherechedza zvimwe magakanje, uye woodlice, vasingararami mumvura uye panyika. Amphipods vanogara nyoro achitsva ivhu nyika yedu. Pane kunyange mhando chisvetasimba - taxa.

Saka, ichi subtype zvoutachiona nyanzvi zvinenge zvose embodiments pasi mumadziva, kubva mugungwa kusvikira enzizi.

Next tichatarisa huru vamiririri. Uchaona Crustacean hofori saizi uye kudzidza pamusoro crustaceans diki, ane muviri saizi iri 0.1 chete millimeter.

Ose zvipenyu pasi redu riri kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu. Crustaceans vari kutarisirwa anoranga akadai carcinology.

Pakati inokosha chinosiyanisa zviri subtype ichi rinofanira kunzi goko kana chitin exoskeleton. Izvi mativi chakasimba muviri crustaceans, izvo kuvadzivirira kwokunze zvokuimba chiito. Nokuti exoskeleton hauna akawedzera ukuru, mhuka kuti itangezve kanoverengeka muupenyu kuramba kukura kwayo.

Vanewo majoko maviri tunonzwa, uye ivo kufema kushandisa gills kuti dziri pamusoro makumbo.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro kwokunze uye munyika nemamiriro crustaceans dzichakurukurwa pashure. Zvino zvakakosha kutaura chimwe chinhu. Ichi subtype zvoutachiona zvakabatana chinokosha chuma zvokudya. People Somuenzaniso, kudya shrimp. Saka, vakawanda vamiririri mukirasi iyi inopiwa zvisikwa.

Krill Somuenzaniso, uye copepods, izvo isu vakurukure gare gare munyaya, vane kupfuura biomass vose zvipenyu zvose zviripo pasi zvisikwa pasi mupenyu.
Saka, ngationei tinyatsoziva sechivako crustaceans.

zvekunze mamiriro

Sezvo subtype phylum Arthropoda, crustaceans vane yokunze chitin (kana madota) goko, uyewo segmented pose muviri nedzimwe nhamba aiwanzopiwa wokushanda maoko nemakumbo.

Zviduku boka vaiona tantulocarida. saizi wavo zvichisiyana 0.1 kusvika 0.3 millimeters. Izvi zvakare chisvetasimba - zviduku crayfish Stygotantulus stocki, rakanga ambotaurwa. saizi yayo kumativi 94 micrometers (asingasviki 0.1 millimeter).

Vamiririri pakukura kusvika huremu maviri makirogiramu uye yezvinoreva forelimb pakati 3.5 - 3.8 metres. Panyaya dzose Crustacean mhando iyi akazviratidza chirahwe: "munhu gakanje anogona kumbundira munhu Mvuu?" Ndiyo Japanese dandemutande gakanje, izvo tichakurukura pazasi.

External maumbirwo crustaceans nehasha zvakafanana mune mhando dzose, asi zvakasiyana uwandu zvikamu uye chitarisiko makumbo pazvidanho zvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu kutenderera.

Saka, nomusoro, abdominal uye chipfuva zvikamu varipo nenhengo dzose subtype ichi. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe underdeveloped crustaceans segmentation wekupedzisira zvikamu zviviri homonomous. Kuti, muviri pamusoro rakakamurwa zvidimbu zvakaenzana saizi.

In dzakakwirira nekenza, iyo tichataura zvishoma Papera, zvachose segmentation. Inoitwa zvikamu zvina: dumbu, iine zvikamu mitanhatu cephalothorax, iro rine musoro mana namasere thoracal zvikamu, uye Akron (chaiyo nzvimbo musoro pedyo muromo, pane chete arthropods).

Migumo crustaceans dziri pamusoro nomumwe muviri zvikamu yezvinoita. Kutaura mutauro sayenzi, ari "gumbo" chinosanganisira protopodite (chikuru kosi) zvinosanganisira koksopodit (pano ndivo gills) uye Basipodite (unobatanidza mugove), uye vaviri sequels - exopodite uye endopodite.

Basa iri nemakumbo siyana, kunyanya ivo zvinosiyana zvichienderana norudzi Crustacean. Vamwe vari kufema, apo vamwe - nokuti sangano, kana zvokudya, dzakanga kushandiswa ose mashandiro pasina anosara.

zvemukati mamiriro

The womukati maumbirwo crustaceans inoumbwa shanu hurongwa, tsandanyama uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati. Kuridzidza, isu tanga tsandanyama.

Saka, sezvo pamwe vamiririri Arthropod phylum, Crustacean tsandanyama akauya striated tsandanyama tishu. Yose zvayo vasina chikwama, uye tsandanyama dziri, kana munhu wacho matanda. Kazhinji ave kubatana pakati akasiyana zvikamu muviri pamusoro.

The kweropa wemuTesitamende subtype ichi rakashama. Ndiko, ropa uye node vakabatana uye kutama sine wave miksotselya uye nemidziyo. Chii chinoshamisa ndechokuti mwoyo nguva dzose iri pedyo kufema hurongwa. Zvakaratidza kuti rakasiyana nomumwe vamiririri crustaceans. Vamwe muviri ichi ari paura, mune vamwe ndokuita chubhu kwoupenyu muviri urefu. kamuri nerimwe yokupedzisira pane chinokosha makomba kugoverwa ropa iri chidimbu. Pane mwoyo ari muchimiro bochonochka ostiyami. Saka, muviri uyu vamiririri subtypes akasiyana iri refu kana pfupi.

Tsinga akasiyana chinyakare uye kupfuura mberi crustaceans. Pakutanga akanga "manera", wechipiri ane chimwe-chidimbu, izvo sectors dzakawanda akabatanidzwa. Chokutanga mhando kunoratidzwa munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva kumativi ganglia, ayo zvakabatanidzwa ne commissures. Uropi ine crustaceans deytotserebruma, ine chokuita antennules uye prototserebruma anokonzera ziso, Akron uye antennas.

Tsinga mune dzimwe mhuka kufanana chete kwemakemikari anobudiswa. Nokuda ichi vamwe mhando crustaceans vanogona kuchinja ruvara muviri uye kuti zvirinani zvinoenderana zvakatipoteredza.

The kufema Hurongwa zvakare dzinosiyana zvichienderana padanho shanduka kwemarudzi. Saka, muduku dzakabudirira crustaceans kufema yose muviri pamusoro nokuisa mvura kuburikidza rinokosha hurongwa. Landlubbers ndina rinokosha muviri - psevdotraheyami - asi chete mhepo nyoro kunodikanwa upenyu kwavari. Respiratoria maitiro sezvo hombe Crustacean chinosanganisira epipodite, anokosha gills, vari pamberi kana ventral nemakumbo.

The zvomudumbu Hurongwa ane chimiro kumicheto uye ine ura matatu - mberi, pakati uye neshure. Azvikuya zvinhu kuitika Anterior, Absorção de Água uye kugayiwa - paavhareji, uye goho - kuburikidza necheshure.

Excretory Hurongwa rine mbiri neitsvo. Kazhinji, Miviri izvi muri mhando mbiri - maxillary uye antennal. Vamwe crustaceans vanoberekwa vaine yokutanga mhando cheitsvo, ari muitiro vachiitsiva ne upenyu wechipiri. NdiEzekieri. mitumbi All mana pane chimwe chete mhando yepamusoro nekenza - Nebalia.

Pfungwa nechipiriso dzakabudirira zvakakwana meso, statocysts (pachiyero nhengo) uye anokosha bvudzi pamusoro tunonzwa, kuti anopa kunhuhwidza uye nokubata.

upenyu kutenderera

Next, characterization kwedu crustaceans mberi Kurondedzerwa hwavo upenyu kutenderera. Kuchitanga embryonic nguva. Zvose zvinoenderana uwandu mondo ari mazai vambomira.

Kana zviri zviduku, sezvo iri kuitika nokuda underdeveloped vamiririri subtype, weboka iri zvakangofanana kwakaita annelids. Ndiko, zvose kumativi vakaenzana yakawanda yacho uye pakuguma embryo pakukura pane zvakafanana ari.

Zvikasadaro, dzakanga crustaceans, zai mondo mune zvakawanda, saka kuparadzana asingafungi. Ivo akaumba utachiona bhendi, iyo gare gare anoumba shoko pakukura kwacho.

Pashure pane hatching kubva zai. crustaceans dukutu inonzi "nauplius". Ane Akron antennules vaviri kushambira dvusegmentnoe makumbo uye muviri. Anotevera anowanikwa chete pemasimba crustaceans.

Zoea - nguva kukura, apo mazana buda meso, dumbu uye maoko nemakumbo mumusoro uye pamberi pechipfuva.

Rinotevera Danho inonzi dukutu mizidnaya. Iye zvakazara vakaumba dzomuviri crustaceans uye zvose pfungwa nomuviri hurongwa. Mukuita kuwedzera kukura kwayo molts, pakuteura cuticle kakawanda. Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro metamorphosis ichi ichakurukurwa pashure.

Molting inodzorwa pachiyero mahormone. Mukuita yokuva kunouya mumwe padanho kukura, kana mutana goko kunodzivisa pakuzadzisa. Nekuti chiratidzo kubva hypodermis muviri unotanga kuti vaunze rakawedzera nerubatsiro muviri. Achibatsirwa itsva cuticle rukoko aumbwa. Mushure yekare hwatsvuka uye anowira kure, vechiduku crustaceans pamusoro anoomesa nokukurumidza nokuda chicherwa munyu.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ikure kenza kunoitika mumatanho maviri. Asati molting ndiko kuwedzera uwandu masero, uye ipapo - kuva remvura tishu.

Kunewo mamwe marudzi crustaceans, izvo kushandura pakukura, urefu maoko nemakumbo uye nhengo, zvichienderana nemwaka.

Kutaura zvakatipoteredza

Next, redu mamirire Crustacean anobata mararamiro uye kuparadzira.
Masayendisiti enzanisa vamiririri subtype ino reservoirs tumbuyu panyika. Vanodawo mhando zhinji, maumbirwo, makuriro, uye nhamba yavo inongova biomass hombe.

Nokufamba shanduka pakava nekupesana pakati zvokutanga nokukwirira crustaceans. Rakava chikamu tupukanana, vamwe dzakashandisa upenyu panyika, uye vakava yakananga kufema hurongwa.

Kana parasitic siyana, ivo kuvapo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nemapoka subtype ichi. The chikuru chinoratidza chikamu chino Crustacean chinhu kunonyanyisa anoitwa siyana nadzo uye hurongwa. Nokuti vanogara tichiregeredza vamwe, nhengo dzomuviri vazhinji atrophy sezvaakanga maturo. Kune avo vane parasitic munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu, asi kune vaya vari zvakabatanidzwa externally.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vamiririri subtype ichi chinogona kuwanika kwose kwose. Small pfungwa vanogara puddles, kubvunda chando uye munyu marshes. crustaceans Large vakafanana zvakadzama uyewo pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, nyanza kana rwizi.

Nhengo Minor yose subtype ichi, vakawanda chokuita plankton, uchidzidza utachiona uye majemusi zvinenge. Other crustaceans kuti kugara pasi mumadziva, muri scavengers. Ivo vagadzikane zvidimbu nyama yemhuka akafa kubva pemasimba akaturikidzana. Zvitunha, zviri panyika kana chiduku kudzika, zvokudya bokoplavy.

Uyezve dzemugungwa ndivo chinokosha chipfuro marudzi. Kuti shrimp, Lobster, crayfish, magakanje, crayfish - ndiyo chete chikamu mazita marudzi, dzinoshandiswa nevanhu sezvokudya. Somuenzaniso, ari barnacle, kana naDhiyabhorosi minwe, vakamira Iberian Peninsula uye euros 150 paminiti churu.

Kushanda chechipiri crustaceans - sezvo zvokudya hove uye shiri, izvo akura papurazi. Aquarists dzinoshandisawo navo yaoma hove zvokudya.

Akashandisawo mano dzemugungwa yekubata zvakaora. Vari kushandiswa zvepanyama kucheneswa kwemvura kusvibiswa.

malacostraca

In zvipenyu kirasi inowanzopiwa kudzidza kirasi crustaceans. Table kuparadzirwa, sechivako upenyu kutenderera. On mibvunzo yose iyi, iwe nyore kupa mhinduro inobva yapfuura chikamu ino.

Zvino ngatitarise anozodzidza yakawanda yemhando boka rezvisikwa. Next isu achashanyira nyika zvisikwa izvi zvinoshamisa uye tinyatsoziva rwehofori ayo uye dwarfs. Panguva ino, vanofanira kuisa pamusoro Vhuṱanzi pamusoro kirasi iyi.

Malacostraca zvinosanganisira zviuru zvinopfuura makumi matatu mhando zvipenyu. The vamiririri mukirasi iyi yokutanga akaonekwa ari yeCambrian. Uye aiva nemakore anenge mashanu nemakumi mana mamiriyoni apfuura. Unosanganisira magakanje, amphipods, magakanje, kuti shrimp uye woodlice. zvisikwa izvi kurarama mugungwa uye mvura yakachena, uyewo nyika.

Sechivako dzakakwirira nekenza iri siyanei zvishoma dzakabudirira dzomuzana. On musoro sintsefalon aumba somugumisiro accretion nhatu zvikamu zvokutanga. The forelimbs tinoshandurirwa maxilliped, nani kuti vawane zvokudya. Mukuwedzera, avaindipa vaviri-Chambered dumbu.

Zvino ngatitorei vanyatsoona nomumwe nhengo dzekirasi ichi. Next, uchadzidza vakawanda mazita Crustacean dzinogarisana, mamiriro uye nzira dzokushandisa ravo nemunhu.

Uyewo, imi zvichakurukurwa Crustacean hofori saizi, pamwero mukuru forelimbs, iyo inosvika matatu nehafu mamita.

Saka, chii ichi gakanje hofori?

Vamiririri pakukura

"Crab Giant" anozivikanwa munyika dzakawanda munyika. Nhasi isu kutaura pamusoro chaiye, kwete ngano vamiririri mukirasi iyi.

Saka, kutanga Crustacean yakakura zvikuru kwedu pamazita - ndiro Tasmanian gakanje. Vanhu ava dzemarudzi vanoyera gumi makirogiramu. Carapace vane kusvika hafu mita pahupamhi. Anorarama ari pasherefu yuzhnoavstraliyskom pamusoro metres kubva zana mazana matatu kudzika. Inodya chinhu chinofamba nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva kupfuura iye. Starfish uye hozhwa anoumba unorema zvokudya.

The rakatevera Zirume - mambo gakanje. Izvi mambo gakanje kubva munamati magakanje. Kare akawanikwa chete kuFar East. Asi manonwe remakore rechimakumi maviri nayo vakakwanisa resettle muGungwa Barents. Zvino, magakanje aya anowanikwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo Norway uye Spitsbergen.

Mushure vakagara pasi munzvimbo itsva, Kamchatka magakanje vakatanga kuwanda nokukurumidza uye kuparadza vemo fauna of. Uyewo, vava guru. Kureba finite span rimwe nehafu metres, uye uremu varume - kusvika makirogiramu masere. Izvi zviviri vakabatsira kuti magakanje izvi zvava chipfuro marudzi. Mugore hove dzavo matani anopfuura zviuru gumi chete Russia.

Asi shasha, pasina mubvunzo ndiani kuzvikudza kirasi Crustaceans, ichi Japanese dandemutande gakanje. zvombo ake, uyewo zvapfuura ndivo vanenge hafu mita paupamhi. Asi maoko nemakumbo uku kusvika matatu - matatu nehafu mamita. Kurema specimens kupfuura zvinogona kusvika makumi maviri makirogiramu. upenyu Presumable span - anenge zana.

Yekushandisa ichi kumahombekombe hofori kweJapan ari kudzika mamita anosvika mazana matatu. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vaona uye mazana masere metres pasi mvura.

Inoshandisa ichi mhando Crustacean, kwete chete zvokudya asiwo decoration uye zvesayenzi zvinangwa.

Freshwater crayfish

Mukuwedzera zvomumvura vamiririri mukirasi, akadai gakanje, Lobster uye Lobster, Crustacean chisikwa anogona kurarama nemvura yakachena. Pakati rakajairika mhando kucherechedza zvinotevera: rwizi shirokopaly uye chiratidzo crayfish.

Yokutanga yakanga, kusvikira ichangopfuura, zvakajairika zvikuru mumvura zvose European rinenge. Asi nokukurumidza akatanga ipere somugumisiro nedenda uye pakukurukura rachey American mhando specimens.

Size shirokopalyh nekenza Rinoengerera kumativi maviri masendimita. Ruvara munyoro kuna mashava uye shava ane rwebhuruu tint. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vagadzirise chete mumvura yakachena. Kana havasi ari pedyo murwizi kana gungwa, ipapo mishonga utachiona nzvimbo.

Crustaceans kirasi ane zvimwe akanyatsokodzerwa Kutarira. Signal crayfish zvishoma muduku pane ayo European ishamwari asi anosiyana simba uye nani kwadzakabva.

Idya crayfish detritus. It kugara pasi dura zvisaririra vakafa zvipenyu, uyewo avo buditsa.

Chiratidzo crayfish unowanikwa nhasi munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu European. MuRussia, inozivikanwa chete Kaliningrad mudunhu.

kuti coexistence izvi mhando mbiri dambudziko iri kuti crayfish American havasi kunetsekana chakuvhe anokonzera Hrachya denda, asi ivo ndivo Vatakuri evamwe zvirwere. Naizvozvo, chitarisiko chavo ruchigona Zero ari dziva mukana yokupona mairi shirokopalogo kenza.

Magakanje, lobsters, shrimps

Marine crustaceans, kusiyana rwizi, zvikuru-siyana. The rakakurumbira fishery vaiona magakanje, lobsters, lobsters, kuti shrimp, uye dzimwe mhando.
ikozvino tinotaura nezvavo zvishoma.

Omar - Crustacean, kuva mhuri decapod. Ari chitarisiko rakafanana crayfish. Asi forelimbs ake zvikuru hombe sezvo Kureba mutumbi. Kudeuka Lobster akabatwa nemhenderekedzo Scotland. kurema kwayo kwakanga magiramu 150 20 makirogiramu.

Lobsters kufanana Lobster nenzara asi ivo duku zvikuru. The muviri urefu kunosvika masendimita makumi matanhatu. Nyama yemhuka idzi kunoonekwa sechinhu delicacy.

In magakanje zita rechipiri - pfupi-tailed magakanje. Yavanogara zvinenge zvose okunze zvikamu. The chikuru chinoratidza pavo kuti mudumbu iri rinenge pamwe chelyustegrudyu. A pelvic Mbabvu inoshandiswa akatakura mhuru.

Magakanje kugara imwe-cheshanu kubata vehove, vari kufarira crustaceans. Mienzaniso iyi inogona kuwanikwa zvinenge zvose munyika. Ivo vanobatwa noruoko, network, anokosha misungo. Kukura ichi mukirasi zvinobva vacheche pakuona shoma refu isati Japanese hofori gakanje.

Kuti shrimp uyewo vari decapod. Kwakakura muviri wavo anoda kubva maviri matatu masendimita. Kufanana magakanje, vakabata guru chikamu zvomugungwa pamusika.

krill

Krill - shoko akakweretwa kubva mutauro Dutch. Zvinoreva "kunyengedzazve". Saka, ichi zvinosanganisira zvose vaduku crustaceans uye dzemugungwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira: Arctic, Pacific, Africa krill. Sezvo mhuka zhinji zvakakwana, uye chinangwa chacho chikuru - zvokudya mhuka hombe, akamudana pamusoro hove jogirafi.

Rakajairika vanosanganisira Norwegian, Pacific uye North Atlantic krill.

The hove iri kuitwa ne trawlers, apo akanga pakarepo muzvikamu furawa kana chando.

Naizvozvo, hama dzinodikanwa, nhasi tiri vakajairana peculiarities kuti subtype ichi sezvo Crustaceans. Mukuwedzera, takadzidza pamusoro duku vamiririri vayo, kuti asingasviki chegumi chimwe sendimita. Also akasangana hofori uyo anoyera kilos makumi maviri, uye maoko nemakumbo ake uku kusvika mamita mana. Uye takadzidza pamusoro kupfuura kudhura zvomugungwa zvinonaka, mumwe kilogram izvo arasikirwe euros 150.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, dzinodiwa vaverengi!