Cyrillic uye Latin: mutsauko uye shanduro

Noumwe nguva waivapo muchiLatin rakataurwa nevaRoma, akasiya kutungamirira haufi. Tiri kutaura mitauro yose yokuEurope, ayo akakamurwa Romance uye eGermany. Kana Slav avanhu, kunyanya ivo yava zvakagadzira manyorero itsva, iyo anotaura kuti Zvisaririra Europe uye muBalkans. Saka, zvinokosha arufabheti pakati pemarudzi necheSalvic-European vakatanga Cyrillic uye Latin, izvo isu vachiri kushandisa nhasi.

Mabviro mutauro

Origins, anogona iyo ngaaverenge kuzvarwa mutauro, ndizvo kujeka chaizvo. Kusvikira zvino zvemutauro dzekare uye Mabviro tiri rimwe zvikuru nematambudziko nokuti vanotsvakurudza. Zvisinei, Cyrillic uye Latin - rudzi kunze, sezvo kwakabva bumbiro izvi zvikuru kana zvishoma yakajeka.

Latin

Tinotanga mutauro rakataurwa muRoma yekare, uye ndiani zvino, kunyange akafa, zvinowanzodavirwa inoshandiswa mukurapa, nhoroondo uye philology. The kumumvuri vakashumira sezvo Latin Etruscan mutauro sanyorwa, iyo yaivako kunonyanya nomumukanwa chimiro uye vakashandisa zita chete pakati pamarudzi vagere pakati Italy ano.

New budiriro Roman kuronga adverbs zvose nebudiriro madzitateguru avo, kutanga arufabheti uzere Latin. Chaiva tsamba 21: ABCDEFHIKLMNOPQRSTVXZ. Pashure pokuwa hweRoma Latin kwakapararira muEurope yose uye wakafananidzwa ne siyana maberekero adverbs (Celtic, Welsh, Gothic uye t. D.).

Saka pakanga Romance mitauro uye weGermany mapoka - French, chiItalian, German, Chirungu uye nevamwe vakawanda. Nhasi rinoshandiswa pakunyora rimwe arufabheti zvinosanganisira 26 tsamba.

Old kwechiSlavonic

Nokuti necheSalvic marudzi Latin akanga vasinganzwisisiki uye hazvibvumirwi. Asi akapiwa chokwadi kuti dzimwe nyika dzaiva pasi papa simba, nepo vamwe vava chiKristu Orthodox, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti ridzidzise vanhu kuShoko Mutsvene. hama Greek Kirill I Mefody akasika arufabheti tsamba 43, rwakazokura pachena necheSalvic vanhu.

Vakatumidza rokukudza Cyril wake mukoma, uye yakava hwaro mutauro mutsva Old kwechiSlavonic. Gare gare, nhamba tsamba rakadonha, uye mutauro pacharo chapararira kunzvimbo huru chaizvo. Chokwadi, akaita kuchinja nokuda siyana tumitauro, uye mugumisiro wacho rwakakamukana yoga mitauro yakawanda. arufabheti ichi chakava musimboti Eastern zvinyorwa European, Southern European uye Russian.

Modern dzakawanda kunyora hurongwa

Nhasi, nokuti kupanana ruzivo panguva dzakawanda pamwero, kunyange munyika okumabvazuva, uchishandisa Cyrillic uye chiLatin. Izvi zviviri yezvisikwa arufabheti, vane rakafanana yakarongeka uye zviratidzo, uye vava kukwanisa kutsiva mumwe. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo zvakwakanakira.

Pasina mubvunzo, Latin zvikuru akakurumbira ari panyika. Narwo akanyora mashoko mazhinji Chinese uye Japanese, chichiri kushandiswa mubhangi magwaro (kunyange Russia) nokuda kurekodha pachavo mashoko. Asi chero nyanzvi achakuudzai chaizvo zvinodzidziswa Cyrillic arufabheti - zviri zvikuru akapfuma uye vakasununguka ABC nokuti kuti zviratidzo ayo zvitange mukuru zvakawanda kurira.

"Alphabet" nadzurudzo

Kutsiva Cyrillic kuna Latin - a nyaya inokosha chaizvo kuti kwakamuka kakawanda dzakawanda necheSalvic munyika. kokutanga muchiLatin arufabheti chakatsiva necheSalvic muna Commonwealth uye Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Saka kure, Lithuania uye Poland, pasinei necheSalvic midzi mitauro yavo vanoshandisa Latin arufabheti.

Translation kubva Cyrillic kuna Latin akabata uye nyika kumabvazuva kweEurope. Somuenzaniso, Romania, iyo vakanakidzwa tsamba Cyrillic iri XIX remakore, vakagamuchira arufabheti Latin. Saizvozvowo, takasvika Montenegro, Serbia uye Czech Republic.

Kuburikidza kuti Russia kwapfuura

On nharaunda wehurumende yedu Cyrillic uye Latin vakanga vachirwira nzvimbo pasi pezuva kamwe. Pasina mubvunzo, chizvarwa kuvanhu Russian vaiva Cyrillic tsamba, asi akadzokorora kuedza yeRoma nyika vaifungidzira waived uye kutanga arufabheti Latin sehwaro kunyora.

The rokutanga necheSalvic arufabheti vanoda kupa Petro. Iye kunyange vakapedza zvinhu mutauro, achikanda yakawanda earufabheti uye kutsiva vamwe vavo European. Asi iye akazotaura akasiya pfungwa yokudzokera pazvigaro zvavo.

A yechipiri kuedza romanization wokuRussia vanhu kwakaitika pashure chimurenga. Apo Lenin chaiitirwa kubatana kuchinja. zvidzidzo European vakatorwa, paiva iya iri European karenda, uye rakanga vaifungidzira kuti mutauro zvichabviswa kushandurwa.

Nyanzvi dzemitauro rakawanda basa raitwa kushandura zvose zvinyorwa Russian, zvakanyorwa muna Cyrillic arufabheti. Asi nokukurumidza akasvika simba, Stalin vakanzwisisa kuti pfungwa iri zvachinoratidza pfungwa, uye zvose vakadzokera dzose.

Latin uye Cyrillic: musiyano

Hazvibviri kuona kuti vaviri arufabheti izvi kusimba zvakafanana. Ivo kunyange ane chaizvo tsamba chete: A, B, E, K, M, N, O, P, C, T, G, uye H. Zvisinei, sezvo yave zvakarurama pamusoro apa, Cyrillic functionality vakwanise zvikuru. Nokuda tsamba yakadai se "W" kana ", ni" Somuenzaniso, ari inoparadzirwa kurira kuti arufabheti Latin yakanyorwa kushandisa maviri kana matatu kana mana vatambi.

Tinofanira kuva pamusoro tsamba "C" uye "K", izvo tsamba yedu zvachose delimited mu inzwi. Zvino rechiLatin boka transcription runotsamira nzvanyira afanotungamira. Uye Chikurukuru, anoratidza Latin Cyrillic - ndiko kuti inzwi mumwe anoenderana tsamba yacho.

Tikafunga tsamba shoko haana kumbochinja inzwi ravo, doubling emakonzonendi vari kutaurwa pachena, hapana chinyararire mavhawero uye anyerere mabhii.