Derzhavin okugadzira zvinhu. Innovation nemabasa Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - chinoshamisa Russian nyanduri rechi18 - kwezana remakore rechi19. basa Derzhavin yakanga groundbreaking muzvinhu zvakawanda uye akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo munhau mabhuku nyika yedu, zvichiita kuti ayo pakuzadzisa.

Life uye Works of Derzhavin

Kuverenga Biography pamusoro Derzhavin, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti makore munyori mangwanani hariratidzi kuti anofanira kuva munhu mukuru uye kwakajeka innovator.

Gavrila Romanovich akaberekwa muna 1743 muKazan province. Mhuri Munyori yemberi yaiva uneventful chaizvo, asi vaiva kwamachinda.

makore Early

Somwana, Derzhavin vaifanira kutsungirira rufu baba vake, kunyange hwakawedzera kuderera mamiriro ezvemari mhuri. Amai aifanira kuenda zvakawanda kuti ave nechokwadi kuti vanakomana vake vaviri, uye kuvapa kumbodzidzira dzidzo uye kurovedzwa. Vadzidzisi vakanaka mudunhu, apo mhuri yaigara, haana kudaro, vaifanira nevaya vanokwanisa kuhaya. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, murombo utano, vadzidzisi hatina kwaniso, Derzhavin, nemhaka anokwanisa uye nokutsungirira, achiri akakwanisa yekutenga dzidzo.

rechiuto

Achiri mudzidzi ari Kazan jimunasiyamu, mudetembi akanyora nhetembo yake yokutanga. Zvisinei, kupedzisa zvidzidzo zvangu kuchikoro chesekondari, akanga asina kubudirira. Chokwadi kuti kukanganisa zvevafundisi akaita nevamwe vakuru, zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti jaya riri gore ambotumira shoko muchiuto muna Petersburg, muna Preobrazhensky hondo, mune zvake musoja nzvimbo. Makore gumi chete gare gare, akakwanisa vachiri vabudirire pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru.

With yainyoreswa upenyu uye basa Derzhavin zvakachinjira. Long basa siya shoma nguva yokuti mabhuku basa, asi, pasinei ichi, mumakore ehondo Derzhavin akanyora chaizvo chinosetsa nhetembo uye vakadzidza mabasa nevanyori siyana, kusanganisira University, uko ari kunyanya vairemekedza uye vaiona munhu anoyemurika. nhetembo German uyewo mwoyo Derzhavin. Aiziva German uye akanga achiparidza maBhaibheri Russian uye German vadetembi vari pachavo nhetembo dzavo kakawanda akavimba pavo.

Zvisinei, apo Gavrila Romanovich haasati amboona basa rayo chikuru nhetembo. Iye vachishuva kuti mauto basa kuti basa munyika uye kuvandudza zvinhu mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri.

Muna 1773-1774 gg. Derzhavin akatora chikamu kudzivisa yemuna Emelyana Pugacheva, asi kurera uye kuziva chokuita dzavo uye kwete kuitwa. Agamuchira sezvo muripo mweya matatu chete zana, akanga asunungurwa. Vamwe nguva ezvinhu vakamumanikidza chouviri haisi chaizvo yokutendeseka - nokutamba makadhi.

Kuziviswa tarenda

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva ino, kuti manonwe, tarenda rake kokutanga akavhurika nomwoyo wose. "Chatalagayskie ode" (1776) zvakabata mubereko vaverengi, asi creatively uye mamwe mabasa manonwe vakanga haisati akazvimirira. basa Derzhavin akanga zvakawanda chemufananidzo, akadai Sumarokov, Lomonosov nevamwe. Mitemo yakaomarara pakati prosody, izvo, achitevera zimbabwe tsika, aiteerera nhetembo dzake, vaisabvumirwa zvakazara kuratidza yakasiyana netarenda nemunyori.

Muna 1778, munyika upenyu munyori pachake chakaitika chiitiko unomufaro - akawira kwazvo norudo uye akaroorwa Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, razova kwemakore akawanda ake enhetembo neMuse (ainzi Plenira).

Own nzira mumabhuku

Sezvo 1779 munyori elects yayo nzira mumabhuku. Kusvikira 1791 anoita ari ode Genre, izvo akamuuisa kumukuru mukurumbira. Asi nyanduri hachisi kuva chaiwo muenzaniso uyu wakaoma Genre. Iye kudzorwa zvachose kwakachinja mutauro, iyo inova kugomo resonant, mupfungwa, kwete sezvo akanga ari akayera, ndaisagona classicism. Chakazochinja Derzhavin ode uye pfungwa kugutsikana. Kana kare hurumende zvinofarirwa vakanga kukosha, zvino Derzhavina okugadzira zvinhu uye akaita pachake, dzepedyo zvizaruro. In iyi nayo vaifananidzira sentimentalism nokusimbisa kwayo manyawi, utere.

mumakore achangodarika

Mumazuva okupedzisira emakore hwake Derzhavin akarega kunyora odes mubasa rake anotanga zvakazadza dzorudo, ushamwari mashoko, chinosetsa nhetembo.

Mudetembi akafa July 8, 1816 mu munda Zvanka, nzvimbo waaida.

Okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavina zvishoma

Mudetembi pachake akafunga zvaainyanya munorumbidzirweiko nhanganyaya ingano "kusetsa Russian mabhii," izvo mixes zvinhu dzaishandisa uye yakakwirira manyorerwo, tichibatanidza nhetembo uye satire. Innovation Derzhavin ari kuti yakatanga akawedzera pakarongwa Russian nhetembo, pakusanganisirawo misoro uye motifs kubva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

yakatarwa ode

Derzhavin okugadzira zvinhu zvishoma kutsanangura kupfuura akakurumbira pakati odes ake. Kazhinji coexists mombe uye umhare, nedzevanhu uye munhu pakutanga. Saka Creation Derzhavina anosanganisa kare sawirirana okunze. Somuenzaniso, "Poems pamusoro pakaberekwa mwana mu North porfirorodnogo" hazvigoni kunzi rinoyera ode ari chaiwo pfungwa shoko. Kuberekwa Alexander Pavlovich muna 1779 rave richirondedzerwa se chiitiko chikuru, geniuses zvose mumutore zvipo siyana -. Mind, upfumi, runako, etc. Zvisinei, chido vokupedzisira vavo ( "Kuva munhu choumambo") kunoratidza kuti mambo - murume, izvo zvakanga zvisina zvakafanana kuti classicism. Innovation nemabasa Derzhavina richiratidzwa pano musanganiswa wehurumende uye munhu mamiriro wacho.

"Felitsa"

In ode ichi Derzhavin akamboda kureva mambokadzi pachake uye nharo naye. Felitsa - ndiye Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich riri regal somunhu oga munhu, saka kutyora raivapo panguva iyoyo yakaoma ainakidza tsika. Mudetembi vayemurwe Catherine II kwete sechinhu hurumende isangano, asi somunhu akachenjera anoziva nzira yake muupenyu omutera. Ipapo nyanduri anorondedzera hwake. Self-ndyaringo paanotsanangura kuchiva, uyo aiva nyanduri, anoshanda kusimbisa chiremerera Felitsa.

Iyo Genre yacho ode, zvachose pfungwa panyaya rokurumbidza, inova nyanduri shoko ane ushamwari, apo pane mativi maviri, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo zvinokosha, kwete kuenda. In yaitonga Catherine II mudetembi chaizvo kupfuura ose rupo, nyore, zvakavanakira, kuti ndiye munhu, unhu hwevanhu.

"On wokukundwa Izmail"

In ode ichi chinofananidzira mufananidzo hombe vanhu Russian, afarirwe Turkish nhare. Simba rake chinofananidzwa masimba: kudengenyeka, madutu mugungwa, kuputika kuputika. Zvisinei, hazvina kwaitika, asi pasi kuda Russian changamire, anosundwa pfungwa yokuvimbika kuna kumusha. The anoshamisa nesimba Russian musoja uye rose vanhu Russian, simba rayo uye ukuru rakaratidzwa mubasa iri.

"Waterfall"

In ode ichi, akanyorwa 1791, kunyanya inova chifananidzo sorukova, inomiririra ari impermanence upenyu, mukurumbira yepanyika uye ukuru kwevanhu. The kumumvuri aishanda Kivach mapopoma, iri yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Color palette chigadzirwa akapfuma akasiyana kwerima guru uye mavara. Pakutanga zvakanga chete rondedzero mapopoma, asi afa Prince Potemkin (tisingatarisiri akafira munzira yake kumba, achidzoka kubva kukunda mune Russian-Turkish hondo) Gavrila Romanovich akawedzera mufananidzo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tigutsikane uye mapopoma vakava embody ari fragility upenyu uye zvinhu zviri zvichiratidza ouzivi-siyana tsika. Derzhavin akanga pachake kuzivana Prince Potemkin, vakasagona kupindura ake kwakaerekana kwaitika.

Zvisinei, Gavrila Romanovich aiva kure hwaiyemurika Potemkin. Ari ode vakashora Rumyantsev - ndizvozvo uyo, maererano munyori, gamba wechokwadi. Rumyantsev aiva Patriot chaivo hanya vanhuwo zvakanaka, kwete pachavo rukudzo uye upfumi. Izvi gamba iri ode ake nenzira yokufananidzira unoenderana yakanyarara rukova. Ruzha nemapopoma zvichisiyaniswa home runako Suna rwizi kwayo roumambo uye akadzikama pamusoro zvizere mvura zvakajeka. Vanhu vakaita Rumyantsev, chinyararire, pasina paine kupikisana kwakadaro uye Kubika kuchiva vanorarama hupenyu hwavo, vanogona kubata runako denga.

odes ouzivi

Topics okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavina kuramba youzivi odes. Ode "Pamusoro Death pakati Prince Meshchersky" (1779) rakanyorwa pashure Pauro pokufa mugari wenhaka, Prince Meshchersky. Uye rufu anoratidzwa nenzira yokufananidzira, izvozvo "inorodza jeko" uye "worumanisa meno ake." Kuverenga ode ichi, pakutanga kunyange zvinoita kuti ichi vorudzii "rumbo" rufu. Zvisinei, painoguma nevakomana mhedziso - Derzhavin anodana kuti tikoshese upenyu se "pakarepo chinobva kudenga" uye kurarama zvakanaka, kufa nomwoyo wakachena.

anacreontic Lyrics

Kutevedzera vanyori vekare kusika shanduro nhetembo dzavo Derzhavin akasika vakasiyana kwake izvo Russian pfungwa National pakubika, upenyu, zvinorondedzerwa Russian zvisikwa. Classicism muna Derzhavina mabasa pano kwave kuchiita shanduko.

Translation Anacreon nokuti Gavrila Romanovich - ndiwo mukana kupinda muushe hunhu, murume uye upenyu, akanga asina nzvimbo yakaoma chaiwo nhetembo. Mufananidzo uyu mudetembi wekare rinoramba chiedza uye upenyu rudo, chaizvo kukwezvwa Derzhavin.

Muna 1804 imwe yoga shanduro "Anacreontic nziyo." Mumashoko okusuma anotsanangura sei akasarudza kunyora "chiedza ndima": mudetembi akanyora ndima idzi wake muduku, uye akabudiswa zvino nekuti vakasiya basa, akava private munhu uye zvino vakasununguka kubudisa chero zvaanoda.

mukupera Lyrics

Pakazosvika zviri okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavin ari akazotevera nguva dzinosanganisira chokwadi kuti panguva ino akapotsa hunoguma kunyora odes uye pave zvikurukuru lyrical mabasa. Nhetembo "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", zvakanyorwa muna 1807, anotsanangura nezuva upenyu vatana avakuru kugara kwoumbozha kumaruwa mhuri wakare musha. Vaongorori vakati kuti basa iri rakanga rakanyorwa pakupindura imwe elegy Zhukovsky "Evening" uye raiva polemic incipient Romanticism.

Pakupera lyric Derzhavina rondedzera uye basa "Monument", vakazadzwa nokutenda kuremekedza murume ari kuzvidza kwaraiita nenhamo, vicissitudes oupenyu uye nhoroondo kuchinja.

Ukoshi zvisikwa Derzhavina akanga guru kwazvo. Started Gavril Sergeyevich akaramba Kushandurwa chaiwo siyana Pushkin, uye mune ramangwana, uye vamwe vadetembi Russian.