Duralumin - nayo ... Duralumin: sezvamunoita, zvivako, mutengo

Duralumin - zvokunyama kunobva yakaisvonaka aruminiyamu pamwe alloying okunze, ane kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa Kuronga uchanyangadika achinje ehupfumi ari simbi. Soft uye lightweight aruminiyamu anowana mutoro nemishonga, apo ukaramba zvose zvakanakira yakachena maatomu akafanana.

netsaona kuwanikidza

Duralumin - ane aruminiyamu chiwanikwa shoma hwemhangura, wakange akwegura pane imwe tembiricha iri chakagadzirwa ezvinhu. Mashoko yagadzirwa muna 1903 na Alfred Wilm, uyo aishanda sainjiniya ari fekitari German. Panguva kuedza zvakanzi vakaona muenzaniso, kwakaitika refu ruzivo. Akawana kuti kana chiwanikwa kuti aruminiyamu uye 4% yendarira, uye ipapo vaomose zvichiguma zvinhu ari kudziya + 500 ° C, zvichiteverwa nokukurumidza kutonhora uye vakabata pane kamuri tembiricha kwemazuva, kuti vakawana simbi dzakakwirira simba tsika, apo kuchengetedza mapurasitiki ehupfumi mukuru eremendi.

Mumakore akatevera, ivo alloys zvakagadzirwa pamwe vakawanda yokuvirisa kuti awedzere simba acho. Panguva ino padariro anodized aruminiyamu - refu simba chiwanikwa, izvo, zvichienderana mhando, zvingasanganisira mhangura, magnesium, nesilicon, zingi uye nevamwe.

mamiriro

Mechanical ehupfumi kuti duralumin zviratidzwa mukuru prices - kusvika 370 MPa (simba yakaisvonaka aruminiyamu - 70-80 MPa), izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu akabvunza mu maindasitiri minda zhinji. Aluminum chiwanikwa pamwe zvine maatomu akafanana zviri zvimwe zvikuru kuti siyana zvechadenga zvichiguma zvinhu. Mujinga chiwanikwa inoumbwa chaiwo kukura ingredients.

Duralumin mamiriro iri sezvinotevera:

• Copper (cu) - 0.5% of zvachose uremu.
• Manganese (MN) ndiyo 0.5% chiwanikwa.
• Magnesium (MG) - 1,5% zvachose uremu.
• Nesilicon (Si) - 1,2%.
• Iron (Fe) anenge 0.1% kubva murwiyo.
• Aluminum (Al) - chinokosha.

The Mhando chikuru alloys

Kune mhando inoverengeka alloys, zvimwe pane yayo maitiro.

Saka, zvinogona kuitwa anodized aruminiyamu (sezvamunoita, ligatures uye unhu)?

• Aluminum + manganese (Al + MG), aruminiyamu + magnesium (Al + MN), zita wechipiri "magnaly" - hwokuratidza nemishonga kuti ngura, mukuru kuita pokunamatidza nomoto. Zvinonzi havaratidzi kuchekwa. The alloys of nziyo hadzina pasi dzokuwedzera nokuomesa. Zvinhu zvakashandiswa kugadzira pombi peturu, radiators, matangi zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, basa rokuvaka, uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Aluminum + manganese + nesilicon (Al + MG + Si), kuti chiwanikwa akapiwa zita "Avial". The ehupfumi uyu sezvamunoita duralumin - ngura nemishonga, nenyama uye simba welds, nemicheka zviyo. Nokuomesa kunoitika panguva imwe tembiricha kuti + 515-525 ° C pamwe nokukurumidza kutonhora mumvura (+ 20 ° C) kwemazuva 10. The dzinonyanya kushanda - zvigadzirwa inoshandiswa dzakakwirira mwando ezvinhu, kugadzirwa nezvinhu, zvikamu, michina iri ndege, motokari maindasitiri, ichangopfuura Avial unotsiva simbi zvinodhura nezveupenyu maserura nevamwe.
• Aluminum + nemhangura + manganese (Al + Cũ + MG), kana duralumin, - kuvaka zvinhu, zvichienderana kudiwa vawane okupedzisira ehupfumi, uwandu nomumwe alloying maatomu akafanana anogona siyana. The chiwanikwa wakawana chikumbiro iri ndege indasitiri, Aerospace maindasitiri, nokuti kugadzirwa mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvitima ( "Rukodzi runonzi") uye vamwe. The zvakaipira ari chiwanikwa riri kungatikanganisa kusagadzikana kwayo. Duralumin jira kunoda kwazvo Anti-ngura kurapwa, izvo kazhinji kuitwa nokushandisa pemvura yakachena aruminiyamu.

kunyoresa

Duralumin - ndiwo mashoko mukuru kuti ndege uye nzvimbo indasitiri. Wokutanga chikumbiro kuti ndege kwakaitika muna 1911 paivakwa airships. Muzana remakore rechi21 kune vanopfuura gumi nevaviri mavanga lightweight uye vafuke zvinhu. Nokuti mashoko ndege dzinowanzotaura muchiso D16T, zvinosanganisira vapfumbamwe nesimbi akadai titanium, nickel, nezvimwewo, uye ligature rinoumbwa mhangura, nesilicon, magnesium. Huwandu aruminiyamu ari chiwanikwa ndeyevanyori mureza kugutsikana - 93%.

Havasi alloys vose duralumin kupindura zvakanaka nomoto, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda saka yaakaita rivets uye nemamwe marudzi fasteners. The chikuru maindasitiri Kushandiswa zvinhu rava aeronautics, motokari, muchina chokushandisa. Asi kwete chete mupristi michina inoshandiswa duralumin Somuenzaniso, kushandisa magwa kubva ichi zvinhu kushumira makore anopfuura 20, uye zvakanaka uye kudzivirira - uye akatowanda.

In shipbuilding wakaitwa zvinhu kwete chete hulls, asiwo vazhinji munyika dzomuviri, dzakabatana. Pombi dzakagadzirwa duralumin, mukobvu-akavakirirwa uye dzakaonda-norusvingo, anoshandiswa kwose kwose vachibva redzimba uye zvaiita kukurukurirana kuti gasi mapaipi. Yakanyikwa machira anoshandiswa kuvaka zvakagadzirwa.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Duralumin - imwe chiwanikwa kwakavakirwa aruminiyamu, iyo, sezvo paine zvinhu rakanakira. Pakati pavo:

• High dziine kunofambira mberi simba.
• Long upenyu basa.
• Low munjodzi kunoparadzwa.
• Kupikiswa kungatikanganisa runyararo zhinji, zvemaziso, chafariz migumisiro.
• Anochinjika kune weld basa (aruminiyamu wakachena fomu havaratidzi vanoteerera Welding vazvo).
• The vakawanda mafomu.

Pane imwe nemhinganidzo yakakura, ine duralumin - nayo kusangana kukuvara ngura. zvinhu zvose zvinhu hazvo yakaisvonaka aruminiyamu akapfeka kana zvemapuranga aine lähikuva, kudzivisa rusting.

mitengo

Purchase zvinhu zvakarurama, mutengo aumba zvichienderana rokuti sezvamunoita. Vazhinji zvinomera zvinozobudisa dzisiri ferrous nesimbi, berekai aruminiyamu. Mutengo anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda, kunyanya pamusoro mhando chigadzirwa, Bhuku, kukurukura uye zvimwe zvirwere. The magwaro vachifambidzana mugadziri vanosungirwa kutaridzwa muzana chiwanikwa, maererano GOST, unongotaura.

Cost mishonga kubva duralumin (Area, mutopota, jira) inotanga kubva 580 rubles por kilogram. With nokuwedzera kuri kuitwa wedzerai mutengo chete tani kuti chiwanikwa mutopota anenge zviuru 510 rubles. Dural yeChina vanotanga mutengo kubva 250 rubles muzana kilogram mu. Circle - chiratidzo workpiece zvinhu, ane chikamu muchinjikwa ari denderedzwa kunosiyana saizi, chigadzirwa kureba mamita 3.