Leningrad NPP: nyaya. Power Leningrad NPP

Risina kumiswa simba nerubatsiro ose nemisha - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinokosheswa paruzhinji yaitonga. Panyaya iyi, nharaunda yose Russian Federation zvakanyatsorongwa vakavaka nhepfenyuro dzakasiyana zvinobereka magetsi. Chimwe chaizvozvi ndiye Leningrad NPP. Nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa uye kukura ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Karwendo kuti kare

Pfungwa rokuvaka simba chirimwa yakatanga epakati Kuma1960. April 15, 1966 akabvumirwa nemijenya, izvo hake kusika chirongwa pahwaro iyo hwake papepa kutanga Leningrad NPP. Papera mwedzi mishanu zvose zvinodiwa mapepa wakagadzirirwa.

Uye muna November, Council of Vashumiri kushandisa chisarudzo kutanga kuvaka wokutanga yemapurisa, uye akazivisa sangano rose maumbirwo uye kushanda rechitatu-party Makambani kuti pave nourongwa uchidzidzira.

nheyo

Kuvaka yemapurisa yakatanga uone mugomba. ivhu yokutanga bhakiti ikasimudzwa July 6, 1976. Saka, Simba Nuclear Leningrad Plant, mumwe angati, kutanga kwake "upenyu." Kuti aite basa nenyanzvi vaitungamirira mune nomoto dzaibatanidzwa, Steel erection, vavaki nezvimwe ouinjiniya nyanzvi.

Kumhanya rokutanga uye rechipiri dzakabatana

December 23, 1973 ezvinhu basa chinokosha kunze kugamuchirwa wokutanga simba chikwata. Somugumisiro pakati Leningrad renyukireya simba chirimwa aigona kutanga kwayo zvizere mashandiro. Muna 1975 zvakanzi raparurwa iri chikwata wechipiri, uye kugadzwa vakatanga padariro yechipiri muindasitiri wechivako. akavhiyiwa izvi zvakatanga May 10, 1975. KweDzimba itsva dzokuita kwave dzinounzwa kaviri shoma nguva kupfuura kutanga.

Munguva magadzirirwe kunzwisisa ichi zviitiko itsva dzesayenzi, vakawedzera sbornost mazano vakatorwa nhoroondo dzekare zvikanganiso vakasuma, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe itsva marongerwo zvenyukireya simba vezvikwata muna Leningrad mudunhu. Uyewo kwakachinja Zvinoumba hurongwa uye ezvirevo.

Zvakakurukurwa rokuvaka itsva kunzwisisa

Nemhaka zvakajeka kusakarongeka pakati mabasa akasiyana uye masangano akanga akapa kuvandudza naro kwacho. Kuchikuva Anorwira mapaipi matsva, nomoto iyo zvinoda shoma nguva. Cranes uyewo ndavhiyiwa pedutu. Matende achinja uye gwaro-Teplyakov, kwamakadarika zvakakwanisika panguva pavaipfuura reactor gungano akatasva muna kufanana nomumwe uye dzimwe nhengo zvakaitwa kare nengarava zvakawanda, nokuda iyo akapedza dzinodhura nguva kombiyuta uye kunonoka yose muitiro.

simba rechitatu

Tanga kuvakwa ichi misi zvakaoma kudzokera yokutanga February 1977. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chivako puranga akanga akatasva mu rekodhi nguva uye rakapera nokukurumidza. kumhanya kuvakwa yaiva matani 1560 pamwedzi. Nhamba iyi ingori zvikuru, kunyange munguva yedu.

zvabuda Excellent vakanga kuchengetwa huru reactor hurongwa akakura. Kunyanya, kwezvinhu migero uye makwara kuvaka vakanga chakavakwa mumazuva 78 chete. Tichienzanisa wokutanga chisimudziso, nhamba mazuva 169, uye panguva yechipiri - 118.

Somugumisiro, Leningrad NPP, izvo zvinoratidza mapikicha munyaya ino, aiva wechitatu chinogumbura kwemakore maviri nehafu nokukurumidza.

simba chechina

Achitarira mberi, tinoona kuti nguva yawo kuvakwa vaiva kupfuura usingashandi tichienzanisa yapfuura "hama."

Mwedzi yokutanga akapedzerwa pamusoro kusangana zvivako zviri reactor chikwata 4 panguva gungano nzvimbo vakasuwa 1980. Kana gadziriro iyi waishanda chokufambisa redunhu unokupai zvigadzirwa vakawana zvakananga reactor mugodhi. Takashandisa reloading pani pamwe vakakoshesa Crane matanda uwandu zvidimbu zviviri. Kutakura neimwe yakanga matani anenge 300.

Deadlines pamberi assemblers chakaita kuti vasere chete kwemwedzi. Rakanga zvishomanana, nokuti asati basa rakadaro aigona kutora mwedzi 29.

Pasina kupinda mashoko ose basa Somuenzaniso, kuti chikwata rechina reactor yave yakavakwa pamusoro mwedzi mishanu nehafu. Izvi akabvumira December 26, 1980 kuti chitarisiko chinogumbura kutanga, uye muna February 1981, akaiisa pasi yaidiwa mutoro.

Technical zviratidzi chiteshi

The zvachose Kukwanisa of Leningrad nharaunda NPP dzaona zvikuru nyore: norumwe rwezviso simba outputs pamusoro 1,000 MW simba. Uyezve, isu achinongedzera uye projected wepagore kugadzirwa magetsi simba. It akaenzana mabhiriyoni 28 kWh. In kwerunyararo kwomuzvarirwo utano vakapedza kubva 8 kusvika 8.5% vayo magetsi.

mikana chiteshi

Leningrad renyukireya simba munda inoita goho ane mains hafu chitsama simba kuti zvinodiwa dzose basa mudunhu. Kana tikataura nekongiri manhamba, maatomu nzvimbo pakutanga 2012 akaita zvose simba urwu ayo vamapoka sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni 846 kWh dzemagetsi.

mazuvaano

Muna August 2007, basa rakatanga musi Kusimudzira MSRs. Also kutsiviwa chaiwo mavharuvhu zviviri zvinoyerera mutsara riparadzirwe pombi dzinongoda ari reactor muchitoro. Panopera remapazi izvi October 1, 2007 chikwata waitanga zvizere mashandiro zvakare.

Wechitatu hadzisisina zvakare ndavhiyiwa zvimwe zvekushandisa kuchinja 2007. Akaripira tikanyatsoteerera kwechimbichimbi kutonhora yacho reactor akatsiviwa kwesayenzi migero, izvo pakupedzisira akabatsira kurebesa upenyu nzvimbo kwemakore makumi maviri.

zviitiko

Absolutely tsaona chero panguva Leningrad NPP - ngozi kwazvo nokuti kunogona kutungamirira kusingarapiki zvirango uye vaifira pakati mudonzvo uye vagari nharaunda. Zvinosuruvarisa zviitiko izvi zvakaitika, uye nokuda zvakakodzera uchiyeuka voga.

Somuenzaniso, muna January 1974 pakava detonation pakati hydrogen iri gasi-anaro chechitima. Nechekare mumwedzi mumwe chete akatanga kubika mvura, izvo zvakazoita kuti ngozi chaizvo mvura sando, vakaparadza zvenguva redunhu rokutanga misa. Somugumisiro - akafa matatu, uye vhinza mvura zvikuru, inokuvadza kwazvo.

Pazuva rokupedzisira November 1975 akaparadza (kana kuti, vazvinyause) chinotsva chiteshi. tsaona ichi chakaita kuti pakabudiswa miriyoni nehafu Ru (musanganiswa radioactive zvinhu). Nyanzvi dzakawanda uye nanhasi ichaongororwa akatangira tsaona yacho paChernobyl nenjodzi.

March 1992 - mumwe mafuta mugero kudzikisirana, asi ari wechitatu chikwata. Pahwaro zvenyukireya zvakaitwa pose ari chiitiko akumbirwa mamakisi 2.

Muna January 1996, akanga akawanikwa usabuda kubva kuchengetera akapedza renyukireya mafuta nhamba 428. Zvakanga zvishoma kubviswa.

May 20, 2004 chikwata chechina rikaguma nokuda nokubudiswa radioactive hwemvura. Izvi pakaita dambudziko nokuda netsaona vachisundira kwechimbichimbi bhatani iri uchishandisa mukamuri. Sezvineiwo, hapana vanhu vakakuvadzwa. Mhute gore riri maawa anopfuura maviri zvaifamba nenzira mumusha Koporje.

December 18, 2015 panguva inenge 14.00 kusiya kuvimbika nenyere deaerator dzaishandiswa mune turbine muchitoro. The mhute rakapinda kupinda rwokugadzira musha. Vamwe vashandi ndatumwa kumusha. The reactor yakamiswa pedyo chechipiri chikwata. Hapana akanga akuvara uye pakanga pasina kutadzirwa. Zvisinei, sezvo akavimbisa nyanzvi, zvinhu anoponeswa ndechokuti mhepo kuti zuva yakanga ichivhuvhuta nenzira muGulf of Finland.

Zvinofadza

Leningrad NPP, kero iyo ikozvino anogona kuwanikwa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana mashoko pasina matambudziko, pane: Russia, Leningrad nharaunda, Sosnovy Bor. Mushure nokutumwa pamusoro Unit 4 muna 1981, pfuma iyi inoremekedzwa wechitatu nzvimbo musimba, chete zvishoma kuseri Bugey chirimwa muFrance uye Japanese Fukushima-1.

Leningrad NPP, Sosnovy Bor musha nzvimbo, zvinoreva kuti Open Joint Stock Company "Russian nehanya kugadzirwa nemagetsi uye chafariz simba mune simba renyukireya miti" Rosenergoatom kubva 2002 ". Nyorai reactors yakaiswa pamusoro yemapurisa - mvura-graphite mugero pamusoro chafariz neutrons.